高三复习 语法专项十一 基本句型.docx

1、高三复习 语法专项十一 基本句型语法专项十一 基本句型英语的五种基本句型结构： 主语 + 不及物动词 (SV) 主语 + 连系动词 (SVC) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (SVO) 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVOD) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(SVOC) S + V He works. He is studying. 主语谓语(vi.) 状语(从句) The sun sets in the west. He went nowhere 主语谓语(vi.) 名词短语 We had come a long way. He waited (for) tw

2、o years.S + V + C He is a student / in yellow / there1 主语 + be + 表语表语由下列词充当：名词、形容词、副词、介词（短语）、动词不定式、分词（短语）、动名词、从句等 主语 + 其它连系动词 + 表语这些连系动词包括：appear, continue, feel, go(变成), keep, lie(处于状态), look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, become, come, fall, get, grow, turn Bob lay sick. His drea

3、m comes true.S + V + O An idea struck me. 主语谓语(v. + prep)宾语 It depends on the weather. （备用词：act as, agree on / with / to, arrive in (at), come across, base on, break into, suffer from, lead to, prefer to, think of, fire at, reach for, quarrel about, worry about） 主语谓语(v. + adv.)宾语 I thought over the

4、plan. I thought it over. （备用词：bring out (up), think out, turn off (on , out, down), give in）NOTICE: v + adv. + prep. get along with, add up to, do away with, break away with, keep up with, go ahead with, go through with v. + n. + prep make use of, make fun of, catch sight of, take care of, take the

5、place of, take a look at, take pride in 主语谓语宾语介词宾语 punished him for being late. The teacher congratulates him on his success. compares this with that.S + V + O + D (间接宾语由代词和名词充当) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 Will you lend me your pen, please ? She bought him many toys. 主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 代词或名词 Will you

6、lend your pen to me, please ? She bought many toys for him. 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fe

7、tch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。S + V + O + C 宾语和宾补之间的关系有两种： 主表关系： I find the book interesting. (主谓宾形容词) I saw him there. (主谓宾副词) I found the book on the desk.(主谓宾介词) We elected him monitor. (主谓宾名词) 主谓关系： They saw the thief running away. (主谓宾 + 现在分词） Where did you se

8、e him knocked down?(主谓宾过分词) What makes you think so ?(主谓宾动词不定式)It 句型1. It + be + adj. + (for sb) to do sth sth + be + adj. + to do It is not easy to learn English. (English is not easy to learn.) 备用词：difficult, necessary, important, quick, hard, etc.2. It + be + adj. + of sb to do sth sb. + be + adj

9、. + to do sth It was foolish of Tom to sell such a suit as that to a millionaire. (Tom was foolish to sell such a suit as that to a millionaire.) 备用词：wise, clever, bright, kind, nice, silly, stupid, cruel, etc.3. It takes sb + some time + to do sth sb spends time in doing sth It took him two days to

10、 find the elephant. (He spent two days in finding the elephant.)4. It is no use doing sth. It is no use regretting your past mistakes. 备用词：no good, useless, etc.5. It costs sb. + money + to do sth It cost them 36,000 francs to buy the necklace. The necklace cost them 36,000 francs . They spent 36,00

11、0 franc on the necklace. They spent 36,000 francs (in) buying the necklace. They paid 36,000 francs for the necklace. They bought the necklace for 36,000 francs.6. It + be + adj. (n.) + that-clause It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 备

12、用词：natural, surprising, true, wonderful, etc.7.It + be + adj. + that-clause (should do sth) It is necessary that he (should) be present at the meeting. 备用词：strange, important,impossble8. It + be + p.p. + that-clause it is said that he has been ill for years. (He is said to have been) 备用词：reported, k

13、nown, believed, decided, announced, etc.9. It + be + p.p. + that-clause (should do sth.) It is demanded that the homework (should) be finished at once. 备用词：ordered, suggested, required, requested, etc.10. It seems + that-clause sb. + seems + to do sth. It seems that they are talking. (They seem to b

14、e talking.) 备用词：happen11. It is + some time since-clause sb. has + p.p. + for time It is three years since he came here. (He has been here for years.)12. It is + 被强调部分 + that (who) It is through struggle that we learn this truth.13. It + be time + for sth / to do sth. / that-clause It is time for su

15、pper. It is time to have supper. It is time that we should have supper. It is time that we had supper.14. It + be + long(时间段）+ before-clause It will not be long before we turn our hope into reality.15. It is (just) like sb. to do sth. 该句型为“某人（恰恰）是。这个样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。Its like him to leave th

16、e work to others. 他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。It isnt like him to have said anything like that. 他可不是说出那种话的人。16. It is up to sb. to do sth. 该句型为“该由某人做。”。该句型中up后的to是介词。There Be 结构1、主谓一致： There is a pen and two books on the desk.2、反意问句： There used to be a well there, use(d)nt / didnt there?3、各种时态： There will be

17、a film this afternoon. There is going to be a lecture tomorrow. There have been great change in our city since 1988. 4、there be中的非谓语形式： There are a lot of students waiting outside. There were eleven people killed in this accident. Theres someone at the door to see you. (There being no bus, we had to

18、 walk home.)5、含情态动词： There must (may, might) be rain tomorrow. There ought to be no trouble6、与其它动词连用： There seems to be a reason for changing their plan. There are likely to be more difficulties than expected. There happens to be nobody in the room. I dont want there to be any trouble.7、there + v. T

19、here goes the bell. On the hill (there) stands a house.8、There is no denying the fact + that从句（不可否认的.） 例句：不可否认的，我们的生活质量已经每况愈下。 There is no denying the fact that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.句 子 结 构一、特殊疑问句（常用疑问词）WHAT whatlike ? 人或事物的外观特征；天气 Whats your brother like ? (长相或人品)

20、 Whats t the weather like today ? How do you like the film ? What do you like ? what time / date / year -Whats the date today ? - (Its) October 15. -What date will he arrive ? - (Hell arrive) on October 15. whatfor ? = why -Whats it for ? -(its for) cutting grass. -What did you do that for ? - Becau

21、se I wanted to save time. ( To save time.)what kind(s) / sort(s) of? What kind of picture(s) do you like best ?what size -What size shoes do you take ? - (Size) 41.what height / length / depth / age how high / long / deep / old Whats the height of that mountain ? What height is that mountain ? How h

22、igh is that mountain ? WHICHwhich day /month / year? （比when更具体） - Dont forget his birthday ? - I wont. Which /What day is it ?which / what /who 比较 which 更具体，或用which one Which book are you going to buy ?(哪本书） What book are you going to buy ?（哪种书）Who do you like best ? Which one do you like best, Tom

23、or Jack ? WHYWhy not (dont you) buy a new coat ?-Let s set out tonight. -Yes, why not. HOW How is your mother ? How is your mother getting along ? How is the weather there ? Whats the weather like today ? How do you find the film ? How do you like the film? How / What about the film ? What do you th

24、ink of the film? -How often do you go to the zoo ? -Once every two months.-How soon will you be ready to start ? - In two days . How far is it from here to the airport ? 综合问题简答中介词跟在疑问词之后 - I want to leave this parcel. -Who for ? ( leave sth for sb)else跟在疑问词后 （which 和whose 除外） Where else did you go ?

25、用do 作简略回答 -Who wants a lift ? (搭便车） - I do. -How many students understood this ? -They all did.用ever, on earth 或 in the world 放在疑问词后强调 Where on earth / in the world / ever did you pick that up ?二、反意疑问句1、陈述句主语是-one, -body 时，疑问部分主语用they Nobody says a word, do they ?2、陈述句主语是-thing, this, that 时，疑问部分主语用

26、it Everything seems all right, doesnt it ?3、陈述句主语是从句、动词不定式、动名词时，疑问部分用it Swimming is great fun, isnt it ?4、感叹句的反意疑问句 （感叹句的附加疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。） What fine weather, isnt it?5、祈使句的反意疑问句 Do that, will you ? (wont you ) 6、Lets , Let us Lets go, shall we ? Let us go, will you ?7、Im Im interested in English, ar

27、ent I ? 8、I wish I wish I were you, may I ?9、含had better, would rather, would like to do Youd better come early, hadnt you ? Youd rather work than play, wouldnt you ?10、陈述句部分含下列否定词时，疑问部分用肯定 few, little, hardly, never, no one, no There is little ink in your pen, is there ?11、加前后缀构成的否定，疑问部分仍然用否定 Its u

28、nfair, isnt it ?12、陈述部分有must must be 对现在情况进行推测 He must be very tired, isnt he ? must have done (对过去推测） 有过去时间状语 He must have come yesterday, didnt he ? must have done (由过去延续到现在） He must have lived here at least 10 years , hasnt he ? must + v. 一定要， 必须 You must renew the book, neednt you ?13、当陈述部分是一个（带

29、that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是， 当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。14、当陈述部分是Im sure that,；we are sure；Im afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。15、当陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问句的主谓语要合离它最近的句子的主谓保持对

30、应关系。16、在口语和非正式文体中，为了加强语气，只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答，这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。 如： Oh, he is a writer, is he? Youll not go, wont you?反意疑问句快速记忆表陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分Im arent IWish may +主语no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含义的词 肯定含义ought to（肯定的） shouldnt/ oughtnt +主语have to+v.(had to+v.) dont +主语(didnt +主语)used to didnt +主语或 usednt +主语had better + v. hadnt youwould rather + v. wouldnt +主语youd like to + v. wouldnt +主语感叹句中 be +主语Neithernor,eitheror 连接的并列主语 根据其实际逻辑意义而定指示代词或不定代词Everything/that/nothing/this 主语用it并列复合句 谓语根