新GRE写作高分攻略之写作基础和语法.docx
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新GRE写作高分攻略之写作基础和语法
GRE写作课件之写作基础语法！
！
在过去8年+的教学生涯中，笔者意识到没有基础的写作语法，完全依赖模板和例子背诵的同学GRE写作的分数一般在2---3之间。
可见，写作的基础是非常重要的。
写作基础：
1.STRAITFORDSENTENCESTURUCTURE
写句子和单词时，请避免CLUTTER
2.Avoidvagueandambigiouslanguage
Wesawlotsofimprovement
Wesawsignificantimprovement
Various
Ourchoicesforsubcontractorsaresomewhatlimited
Ourchoicesforsubcontractorsaresevelylimited
3.Ambigiousprononereference
Noentreprenureshouldtellaclientthatheisoverlyconcernedwithimage（whoishe）
Noentreprenureshouldaccuseaclientofbeingoverlyconcernedwithimage.
TIPS:
Sometimes,itisgreattorepeatan.ratherthanrelyonapronone.
Itmaybecosteffectivetorelyonsubcontratcorsinsteadofcompanypersonel,asthecompany（theyisnotclear）personelwouldcertainlyrequireextratraining.
4.Don’tforgetaboutAntecedent先行词（don’tuseprononewithoutantecedent）
5.Avoidambiouswords（this,that,it,whichtorefertoapharase,senteceandidea.）
Thecandidatechangedhispositiononallthekeyissues,whichmadethevotersextremelynervous（whichmeanswhat?
Hisposition?
Keyissues?
）
6.BECONCISE,NOTBEWORDY
Asamatteroffact/infact
Inorderto/to
Inthisdayandage/today
Inlightofthefactthat/because
Inspiteofthefactthat/though
7.UNECESSARYCLAUSES
Which/that/who…
ThisismyfavouritetoywhichwasboughtbymyparentswholovedtobuymegiftswhenIwasyoung.
Thisismyfavouritetoy;myparentsboughtitformy10thbirthdayparty.
8.balancesentencestructure
WORDY:
TheTrumanDoctrine,whichwasestablishedin1947,createdapolicyofcontainment.
Clear,establishedin1947,theTrumanDoctrinecreatedapolicyofcontainment.
Moreclear:
The1947TrumenDoctrinecreateda“policyofcontainment.
Wordy:
Therebe/itisessentialthat.
9.Unnecessaryrepetition:
Information/knowledge
Innovation/creativity
Small-sized:
small
Groupedtogether:
group
Fewinnumber:
few
Climbup:
climb
Starbox
Pressthepinnumber
Debitcard
Master
10.BEEXACT:
Parisisaverybeautifulcity/
Stunningismoreexactandprecisehere.
Theschoolhadtoclosebecauseithadmanyproblemswithsafety
Theschoolwasshutdownbecauseofmanysafetyviolations.
11.BEAPPROPRIATE:
Noslangandcolloquialexpressions
12.Intensifiers
Incredible,pretty,really,totally
Alternatives:
Acutely
Amply
Astonishingly
Authentically/truly
Empathetically
Exceedingly
Excessively
Extraordinary
Genuinely
Indispensably
Prodigiously
Prodigiousamountsofmoney/energy
Substantially
Superlatively
Asuperlativeperformance
13.Donetoner
Sortof/etc.
Kindof
Prettymuch
Alternatives:
Fairly/partially/largely/mildly/rather/slightly/quite/moderately（reasonably）
Amoderatelysuccessfulmovie
Blockbustermovie
Boxofficeleader
14.QUANTIFIERS
Lotsof,alotof/abunchof/
Alternatives:
Many/much/various/alargevarietyof/awiderangeofsources/cells
Asubstantialnumberof,quiteafew,afew,numerous
Alargeamountof
Largeamountsof
15.SOPHISTICATEDVOCABULARY
Like/suchas
like
Different/various
Big/large/significant/prestigious/substantial
OK/acceptable/satisfactory/appropriate
Don’tuseetc./andsoon
16.Consistency在写作中要保持时态、风格和语态的一致性
Fordifferentreasons,Iwasturnedonbyalotofbigschools
Forvariousreasons,Iwasrejectedbymanyprestigiousschools
17.AVOIDJARGONSANDPRETENTIOUSLANGUAGE
专有名词需要被解释
Preprep
PTSD
Waterboard
Fundamentalist
MAO
Avoidperiphrases（wordiness）andpleonasms（redundancy）
18.USEANAPPROPRIATEPOINTOFVIEW
Don’tuseI/youexcessively
Asyouknow/asoneknow
Asmanyknow/someknowSISTENT
19.一个好的例子
Lotsofthingscanworktogethertocreatesuccess,includingeducation,smarts,foresight,perseveranceandsometimesplaindumbluck.
修改为
Variousfactorscontributetosuccess,includingeducation,intelligenceandsometimesserendipity.
Abunchofspecies/hundredsofthousandsof…
Livetogether/liveinsymbioticrelationship/intertwined
20.BEASSERTIVE:
Stateyourpointofviewwithouthesitation.
A:
inmyhumbleopinion,therearefewthingsmoreimportanttoleadingarelativelysuccessfullifethanhealthandcompanionship.
B:
HandCareessential.
DON’TBETOOASSERTIVE
Inlightofthefacts,itisabsolutelycertainthat
Inlightofthefacts,itseemsfairlyreasonablethatperhaps…
21．USETHEACTIVEVOICE（极度重要，使用实意动词）
Usepassivevoicewhen:
（被动语态的用法）
1.Don’tknowtheagent
Twoschoolsinmydistrictwerevandalized.
2.Whensubjectistoolongandpredicateisbrief.
为什么使用实意动词
ACTIVEVOICE:
Moreconcise,direct/
Theactivevoiceshouldbeusedbyessaywriters
Essaywritersshoulduseactivevoice.
22.STATEOPINIONS
Inmyopinion,Ithink
Ibelieve
Ithink
LESSOBVIOUSSTATEMENT:
assume,exaggerate.Fail,ignore,misconstrue/misinterpret./overemphasize/overestimate/presume/understate（lessimportant）
Actually/admittedly/although/despite…
23．BEEXCITING
1.Verifysentencestructure:
Simple（oneclause）
Compound（twomainclause）
Complex（onemain,onesubordinate）
Withoutmyparents’support,
Compound-complex（twomain,onesubordinate）
…isunlike…becauseof
…,however,isunlike…becauseof…
24.虚拟语气
IfIhadthreemilliondollars,Iwouldbuymyselfacar.
HadInot…,Icouldhavehad
IFIPAST+IWOULD
25.SYNONYM-ENRICHED使用多元化的近义词。
Business/entrepreneur/ventures/commercial
Youth/youngsters/teenager
Juveniledelinquency
Getworse/Exacerbate
Facility/campus/library/facultytostudentratio
Recruitment/scholarship/financialaid/assistance/stipend（moneyregularlypaidtosomeone）
Student/applicant/candidate/alumnus/researcher
College/institution/academia/highereducation….
写作语法
Gerundandinfinitive
Admit
Enjoy
Avoid
Cannothelp
Deny
Consider
Dislike
Infinitive
Beg
Force
Manage
Warn
SUBJECT–VERBAGREEMENT
IndefinitePronoun（不定代词）
Every/each/everyone/anyone/everybody
Singular
GROUPNOUNS.
Theresearchgroupmeetsweeklyto…
Themembersofthegroupmeet…
Thejuryareengagedin…
Themembersofthejuryareengagedin…
COMPOUNDSUBJECT
EITHERANDNEITHER
Eitherthesenatorsorthepresidentismisinformed
Too,either
PARALLELSTRUCTURE:
Allbusinessstudentsshouldlearnwordprocessing,accountingandcomputerprogramming.
Xisas----------asY.
More/lessthan
Bothand
Either/neither
Notonly/butalso
CorrectParallelism:
Phrase
V.
N.
---sentence---
Mary,however,loveseating…
Asaleader,Lincolninspiredanationtothrowoffthechainsofslavery;asaphilosopher,heproclaimedthegreatnessofthelittleman;Asahumanbeing,heservedasatimelessexampleofhumility.
SUPPORT----EXPLAIN
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