全国历年自考英语阅读一真题.docx

全国历年自考英语阅读一真题.docx

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全国历年自考英语阅读一真题

全国2008年4月历年自考英语阅读

（一）真题

课程代码：

00595

I.CAREFULREADING

Readthefollowingpassagescarefully.DecideonthebestanswerandwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.（40points,2pointseach）

Passage1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Hewasafunnylookingmanwithacheerfulface,goodnaturedandagreattalker.Hewasdescribedbyhisstudent,thegreatphilosopherPlato,as“thebestandmostjustandwisestman”.Yetthissamemanwascondemned（判刑）todeathforhisbeliefs.

ThemanwastheGreekphilosopher,Socrates,andhewascondemnedfornotbelievingintherecognizedgodsandforcorruptingyoungpeople.ThesecondchargestemmedfromhisassociationwithnumerousyoungmenwhocametoAthensfromalloverthecivilizedworldtostudyunderhim.

Socrates’methodofteachingwastoaskquestionsand,bypretendingnottoknowtheanswers,topresshisstudentsintothinkingforthemselves.HisteachingshadunsurpassedinfluenceonallthegreatGreekandRomanschoolsofphilosophy.Yet,despitehisfameandinfluence,Socrateshimselfneverwroteaword.

Socratesencouragednewideasandfreethinkingintheyoung,andthiswasfrighteningtotheconservativepeople.Theywantedhimsilenced.Yet,manywereprobablysurprisedthatheaccepteddeathsoreadily.

Socrateshadtherighttoaskforalesserpenalty,andheprobablycouldhavewonoverenoughofthepeoplewhohadpreviouslycondemnedhim.ButSocrates,asafirmbelieverinlaw,reasonedthatitwaspropertosubmittothedeathsentence.Sohecalmlyacceptedhisfateanddrankacupofpoisoninthepresenceofhisgrief-strickenfriendsandstudents.

1.AccordingtoPlato’sdescription,Socrates_______.

A.wasafunnyandgood-temperedman

B.wasthemostjustandintelligentman

C.hadaspecialwaytoattracthisstudents

D.hadcloserelationshipswithhisstudents

2.SocrateswascondemnedforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT________.

A.doubtingthepubliclyrecognizedgods

B.corruptingtheyoungpeoplewithhisteachings

C.groupingstudentstogethertostudyunderhim

D.pressinghislistenersintothinkingforthemselves

3.Socrates’teachingwasintendedto_________.

A.encourageindependentthinking

B.winovertheconservativepeople

C.informstudentsofhisradicalideas

D.leadhisaudiencetobedisobedient

4.Theword“unsurpassed”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____.

A.untoldB.unequalled

C.unnoticedD.unexpected

5.Socratesreadilyacceptedthedeathpenaltybecauseof_______.

A.hisdisregardfordeath

B.hisdisbeliefingods

C.hiscontemptforconservatives

D.hisbeliefinthelegalsystem

Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Likemanyofmygeneration,Ihaveaweaknessforheroworship.Atsomepoint,however,weallbegintoquestionourheroesandourneedforthem.Thisleadsustoask:

Whatisahero?

Despiteimmensedifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristicsthatinstructandinspirepeople.

Aherodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasastoryofadventuretotellandacommunitywhowilllisten.Butaherogoesbeyondmerefame.Heroesservepowersorprincipleslargerthanthemselves.Likehigh-voltagetransformers,heroestaketheenergyofhigherpowersandstepitdownsothatitcanbeusedbyordinarypeople.

Theherolivesalifeworthyofimitation.Thosewhoimitateagenuineheroexperiencelifewithnewdepth,enthusiasm,andmeaning.Asuretestforwould-beheroesiswhatorwhomdotheyserve?

Whataretheywillingtoliveanddiefor?

Iftheanswerorevidencesuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfame,theymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarefamous,butwhowouldclaimthattheirfansfindlifemoreabundant?

Heroesarecatalysts（催化剂）forchange.Theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintop.Theyhavetheskillandthecharmtomovethemasses.Theycreatenewpossibilities.WithoutGandhi,IndiamightstillbepartoftheBritishEmpire.WithoutRosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Jr.,wemightstillhavesegregated（实行种族隔离的）buses,restaurants,andparks.Itmaybepossibleforlarge-scalechangetooccurwithoutleaderswithmagneticpersonalities,butthepaceofchangewouldbeslow,thevisionuncertain,andthecommitteemeetingsendless.

6.Heroesmaycomefromdifferentcultures,butthey_______.

A.generallysharesomeinspiringcharacteristics

B.probablysharesomeweaknessesofordinarypeople

C.areofteninfluencedbytheirpreviousgenerations

D.areoftenpursuedbyalargenumberoffans

7.Accordingtothepassage,heroesarecomparedtohigh-voltagetransformersinthat___________.

A.theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintop

B.theyhavewarmfeelingsandemotions

C.theycanserveasconcreteexamplesofnoblestrengths

D.theycanmakepeoplefeelstrongerandmoreenthusiastic

8.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonareNOTconsideredheroesbecause_________.

A.theydonotimprovetheirfansmorally

B.theyarepopularonlywithcertaingroupsofpeople

C.theirprimaryconcernistheirownfinancialinterests

D.theyarenotclearaboutwhatprinciplestheyshouldfollow

9.GandhiandMartinLutherKingareexamplesofoutstandingleaderswho________.

A.aregoodatdemonstratingtheircharmingcharacters

B.arecapableofmeetingallchallengesandhardships

C.canbringaboutsocialchangesintheirnations

D.canchangethewholeworldwiththeirskillsandcharms

10.Theauthorconcludesthathistoricalchangeswould________.

A.bedelayedwithoutleaderswithinspiringpersonalqualities

B.notoccurwithoutheroesmakingthenecessarysacrifices

C.takeplaceiftherewereheroestoleadthepeople

D.produceleaderswithattractivepersonalities

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Homingpigeonsareplacedinatrainingprogramfromaboutthetimetheyaretwenty-eightdaysofage.Theyaretaughttoentertheloft（鸽房）throughatrapandtoexerciseaboveandaroundtheloft,andgraduallytheyaretakenawayforshortdistancesinbasketsandreleased.Theyarethenexpectedtofindtheirwayhomeintheshortestpossibletime.

Intheirtrainingflightsorinactualraces,thebirdsaretakentopre-arrangeddistantpointsandreleasedtofindtheirwaybacktotheirownlofts.Oncethebirdsareliberated,theirowners,whoarestandingbyatthehomelofts,anxiouslywatchtheskyfortheirreturn.Sincetimeisoftheessence,thespeedwithwhichthebirdscanbedirectedtoenterthelofttrapmaymakethedifferencebetweengainingawinandasecondplace.

Theheadofahomingpigeoniscomparativelysmall,butitsbrainisonequarterlargerthanthatoftheordinarypigeon.Thehomingpigeonisveryintelligentandsomehavebeenknowntoflyahundredmilesoffcoursetoavoidastorm.

Somehomingpigeonexpertsclaimthatthisbirdisgiftedwithaformofbuilt-inradarthathelpsitfinditsownloftafterhoursofflight,forthebirdshavetwoverysensitiveearshiddenundertheheadfeathers,whilethesharp,prominenteyescanseegreatdistancesindaytime.

Whydohomingpigeonsflyhome?

Theyarenotuniqueinthisinherentskill;itisfoundinmostmigratorybirds（候鸟）,andinbees,ants,toadsandeventurtles,whichhavebeenknowntotravelhundredsofmilestoreturntotheirhomes.Butintheanimalworld,thehomingpigeoncanbetrustedwithitsfreedomandtrainedtocarryoutthemissionsthatpeopledemand.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Topersuadethereadertobuyahomingpigeon.

B.Toinformthereaderofhomingpigeonsandtheirtraining.

C.Toexplainhowpersistentandcleverhomingpigeonsare.

D.Toexplainwhyhomingpigeonsareloyaltotheirowners.

12.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenstohomingpigeonswhentheyareaboutamonthold?

A.Theyarekeptinatrap.

B.Theyentertheirfirstrace.

C.Theybeginatrainingprogram.

D.Theystarttheirfirstdistantflight.

13.Inactualraces,homingpigeonsmustbeguidedtoenterthelofttrapveryquicklybecause_______.

A.theyaresometimesdisobedienttotheirowners

B.theyhavenoideaofwhentostartarace

C.timemakesabigdifferenceinwinningarace

D.theirintelligencecannotalwaysbetrusted

14.Accordingtothepassage,thedifferencebetweenahomingpigeonandanordinaryoneliesin__________.

A.thespanofthewings

B.theshapeoftheeyes

C.thetextureofthefeathers

D.thesizeofthebrain

15.Bees,ants,toadsandturtlesarementionedinthelastparagraphinorderto________.

A.tocomparetheirhome-findingabilitieswiththoseofhomingpigeons

B.tocomparethedistancestraveledbydifferenttypesofanimals

C.toprovideadescriptionofsomeotheranimalswithsimilarfeatures

D.toarousethereader’sinterestinsomeotheranimalswithsimilarfeatures

Passage4

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Pronouncingalanguageisaskill.Everynormalpersonisexpertintheskillofpronouncinghisownlanguage;butfewpeopleareevenmoderatelyproficientatpronouncingforeignlanguages.Nowtherearemanyreasonsforthis,someobvious,someperhapsnotsoobvious.ButIsuggestthatthefundamentalreasonwhypeopleingeneraldonotspeakforeignlanguagesverymuchbetterthantheydotheirownlanguagesisthattheyfailtograspthetruenatureoftheproblemsoflearningtopronounce,andconsequentlyneversetabouttacklingitintherightway.Fartoomanypeoplefailtorealizethatpronouncingaforeignlanguageisaskill——onethatneedscarefultrainingofaspecialkind,andonethatcannotbeacquiredbyjustleavingittotakecareofitself.

Ithink,eventeachersoflang