考研英语一真题与答案.docx
《考研英语一真题与答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语一真题与答案.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
考研英语一真题与答案
2007年考研英语
（一）试题
SeCtiOnIUSeOfEngliSh
DireCtions:
Readthefollowingtext.ChOOSethebestWOrd（S）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]Or[D]
OnANSWERSHEET1.（10POintS）
By1830theformerSPaniShandPortuguesecolonieshadbecome
independentnations.Theroughly20million1Ofthesenations
IOOked2tothefuture.BOmintheCriSiSOftheOldregimeand
IberianColonialism,manyOftheIeaderSOfindependence3the
idealsOfrepresentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedom
Ofcommerceandtrade,the5toPriVateproperty,andabeliefin
theindividualasthebasisOfSOCiety.6thereWaSabeliefthatthe
newnationsShOUldbeSOVereignandindependentstates,IargeenoughtobeeconomicallyViableandintegratedbya7SetOflaws.
OntheissueOf8OfreligiOnandthePOSitiOnOfthechurch,
9,thereWaSIeSSagreemerit10theleadership・ROman
CathOIiCiSmhadbeentheStatereligiOnandtheOnlyOne11bythe
SPaniShCrOWn.12mostleadersSOUghttomaintainCathOIiCiSm
13theOffiCialreligionOfthenewstates,SOmeSOUghttoendthe
14OfOtherfaiths・ThedefenseOftheChurChbecamearallying15fortheCOnSerVatiVeforces.
TheidealsOftheearlyIeaderSOfindependenceWereOften
egalitarian,VaIUingequalityOfeverything.BOliVarhadreceivedaidfrom
Haitiandhad16inreturntoabolishSlaVeryintheareashe
Iiberated・By1854SlaVeryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexcept⅛>ι
17colonies.EarlyPrOmiSeStoendIndiantributeandtaxesonPeOPleOfmixedOriginCamemuch18becausethenewnations
StillneededtherevenuesuchPOliCieS19・EgalitarianSentiments
WereOftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassOfthePOPUlatiOnWaS20self-ruleanddemocracy.
1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals
2.[A]COnfUSedly[B]CheerfUlly[C]worriθdly[D]hopefully
3.[A]Shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected
4.
[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted
5.
[A]access[B]sιιccθssion[C]right[D]return
6.
[A]PreSumably[B]InCidθ∏tally[C]ObViOLlSly[D]Generally
7.
[A]LIniqUe[B]COmmOn[C]PartiCIιlar[D]typical
&
[A]freedom[B]Origin[C]impact[D]reform
9.
[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover
10.
[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by
11.
[A]allowed[B]PreaChed[C]granted[D]funded
12.
[A]SinCe[B]lf[C]UnleSS[D]While
13.
[A]as[B]for[C]Under[D]against
14.
[A]SPread[B]interferencθ[C]exclusion[D]influence
15.
[A]SuPPOrt[B]cry[C]plea[D]WiSh
16.
[A]Urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]PrOmiSed
17.
[A]COntrOlIing[B]former[C]remaining[D]Original
18.
[A]SlOWer[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher
19.
[A]Created[B]PrOdUCed[C]COntributed[D]preferred
20.[A]PllZZledby,[B]hostileto
[C]PeSSimiStiCabout,[D]UnPreParedfor
SeCtiOnIlReadingCOmPrehenSiOn
PartA
DireCtions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnSWerthequestionsbeloweachtextby
ChOOSing[A],[B],[C],Or[D].MarkyouranSWerSOnANSWERSHEET1.（40POintS）
TeXt1
IfyouWeretoexaminethebirthCertifiCateSOfeverysoccerPlayerin
2006,SWOrldCUPtιmanιι⅛youWOUldmostIikeIyfindanoteworthy
quirk:
elitesoccerPlayerSaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsOftheyearthanintheIatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEUrOPeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWOrldCuPandprofessiOnalranks,youWOUldfindthisStrangePhenomenontobeevenmorePronounced・
WhatmightaccoUntforthisStrangePhenomenon?
Hereareafew
guesses:
a）CertainastrologicalSignSCOnferSUPeriOrsoccerSk川s;
b）Winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigherOXygencapacity,WhiCh
increasessoccerStamina;C）soccer-madparentsaremoreIikelyto
COnCeiVeChildreninSPnngtime,attheannualPeakOfsoccermania;d）
noneOftheabove.
AnderSEriCSSon,a58-year-oldPSyChOlOgyprofessoratFlOridaState
University,SayShebelievesStrOnglyin—∞neoftheabove.EriCSSOngrewUPinSweden,andStUdiednIlClearengineeringUntilherealizedhe
WOUldhavemoreOPPOrtunitytoCOnducthisOWnresearchifheSWitChedtoPSyChOlOgy・HiSfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,inVOlVedmemory:
trainingaPerSOntohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesOf
numbers.—Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursOftraining，hisdigit
SPanhadrisenfrom1to20,EriCSSOnrecalls・—Hekeptimproving,aafterabout200hoursOftraininghehadrisentoOVer80nLlmberS.
ThiSsuccess,COUPledWithIaterresearchShOWingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,IedEriCSSOntoConCIUdethattheactOf
memorizingismoreOfaCOgnitiveexercisethananintuitiveOne∙InOtherwords,WhateVerinborndifferencestwoPeOPlemayexhibitintheirabilitiestonIemOrize,thosedifferencesareSWamPedbyhowWelleachPerSon—enCOdeSthlIeinformation.AndthebestWaytoIearTlhowtoenCOdeinformationmeaningfully,EriCSSOndetermined,WaSaPrOCeSSknownasdeliberatepractice.DeliberatePraCtiCeentailsmorethanSimPlyrepeatingatask・Rather,itinVOlVeSSettjngSPeCifiCgoals,ObtainingimmediatefeedbackandCOnCentratingasmuchOntechniqιιeasOnoutcome.
EriCSSOnandhiscolleagueshavethustakentoStUdyingexpert
PerfOrmerSinaWiderangeOfpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustPerfOrmanceStatiStiCSandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsOftheirOWnIabOratOryexperimentsWithhighachievers・TheirWOrkmakesaratherStartlingassertion:
thetraitWe
COmmonIyCaIltalentishighlyOVerrated・Or,PUtanotherway,expertperformers一WhetherinmemoryOrsurgery,balletOrCOmPUterPrOgramming一arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.
21.ThebirthdayPhenomenOnfoundamongSOCCerplayersismentioned
to
[A]stresstheimportanceOfPrOfeSSiOnaltraining.
[B]SPOtlightthesoccerSUPerStarSintheWOrldCup.
[C]introducethetopicOfWhatmakesexpertperformance.
[D]explainWhySOmeSOCCerteamsPlaybetterthanothers.
22.TheWOrd—Irlania∣∣（Line4,ParagraPh2）mostPrObablymeans
[A]fun.
[B]CraZe.
[C]hysteria.
[D]excitement.
23.ACCOrdingtoEriCSSon,goodmemory
[A]dependsOnmeaningfιιlPrOCeSSingOfinformation.
[B]resultsfromintιιitiveratherthanCOgnitiveexercises.
[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanPSyChOlOgiCalfactors・
[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeOfCOnCentratiOn.
24.EriCSSOnandhisCOlleagLleSbelievethat
[A]talentisadominatingfactorforPrOfeSSiOnalsuccess.
[B]biographicaldataPrOVidethekeytoexcellentPerfOrman∞.
[C]theroleOftalenttendstobeoverlooked.
[D]highachieversOWetheirSUCCeSSmostlytonUrture.
25.WhiChOfthefollowingPrOVerbSisCIOSeSttothemessagethetext
triestoCOnvey?
[A]—FaithWiIlmovemountains.
Il
[B]—OnereapsWhatOnesows.
Il
[C]—PraCtiCemakesperfect.
Il
[D]—Likefather,Iikeson.
Il
Text2
FOrthePaStseveralyears,theSUndaynewspaperSUPPlementParade
hasfeaturedaCOIUmnCalIed
—ASkMarilyn.11PeOPleareinVitedtoquery
MarilynVOSSaVant,WhOatage10hadtestedatamentalIeVelOf
SOmeOneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQOf228一thehighest
SCOreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteVerbalandViSUal
analogies,toenViSiOnPaPerafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andto
deducenumericalSequences,amOngOtherSimilartasks.SOitisabit
COnfUSingWhenVOSSaVantfieldsSuChqueriesfromtheaverageJOe
（WhOSeIQis100）as,What
sthedifferencebetweenIOVeandfondness?
OrWhatisthenatureOfIuCkandCOincidence?
It
SnotObViOUShowth
CaPaCitytoViSUaliZeObjeCtSandtofigureOUtnUrneriCalPatternSSUitSOne
toanSWerquestiOnSthathaveeludedSOmeOfthebestPOetSand
philosophers.
Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanaSCOreOnatest.JUSt
Whatdoesitmeantobesmart?
HOWmuchOfintelligenceCanbe
specified,andhowmuchCanWeIearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,
COnIPUterSCienceandOtherfields?
ThedefiningtermOfintelligenceinhumansStiIlSeemstobetheIQ
score,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyUSedtobe.The
testcomesPrimanlyintwoforms:
theStanford-BinetIntelligenceSCale
andtheWeChSlerIntelligenceSCaleS（bothCOmeinadultandChildrenversion）.GenerallyCOStingseveralhundreddollars,theyareUSUallygivenOnlybypsychologists,althoughVariatiOnSOfthemPOPUlatebookstoresandtheWOrldWideWeb.SUPerhighSCOreSIikeVOSSaVant,s
arenoIOngerPOSSible,becauseSCOringisnowbasedOnaStatiStiCalPOPUlatiOndistributionamongagepeers,ratherthanSimPlydividingthementalagebytheChrOnOIOgiCalageandmultiplyingby100.OtherStandardizedtests,SuChastheSChOlaStiCASSeSSmentTeSt（SAT）andthe
GradUateRecordEXam（GRE）,CaPtUrethemainaspectsOfIQtests.
Stembergno
SUChStandardiZedteStSmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinSChOOlandinlife,arguesRObertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle—HOWInteIligentISIntelligenceTesting?
traditiOnaltestbestassessanalyticalandVerbalSkiIlSbutfailtomeasurecreativityandPraCtiCalknoWIedge,COmPOnentSalSOCritiCaltoproblemSOlVingandIifeSuCCeSS-MOreOVer,IQtestsdonotnecessarilyPrediCtsoWellOnCePOPUlatiOnSOrSituatiOnsChange.ResearchhasfoUndthatIQPrediCtedIeaderShiPSkillSWhenthetestsWeregivenUnderlow-stressCOnditions,butUnderhigh-stressCOnditiOns,IQWaSnegativelyCOrrelatedWithleadership-thatis,itPrediCtedtheOPPOSite.AnyOneWhOhastoiledthroughSATWiIltestifythattest-takingSk川alsomatters,Whetherit'sknowingWhentoguessOrWhatquestiOnStoSkiP・
26.WhiChOfthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?
[A]AnsweringPhilOSOPhiCalquestions.
[B]FOldingOrCUttingPaPerintodifferentShaPeS.
[C]TellingthedifferencesbetweenCertainCOnCePtS.
[D]ChOOSingWOrdSOrgraphsSimilartothegive
升级会员 