考研英语一真题与答案.docx

1、考研英语一真题与答案2007年考研英语（一）试题SeCtiOn I USe Of EngliShDireCtions:Read the following text. ChOOSe the best WOrd(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C Or DOn ANSWER SHEET 1 . (10 POintS)By 1830 the former SPaniSh a nd Portuguesecolo nies had becomeindependent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 Of these

2、 nationsIOOked 2 to the future. BOm in the CriSiS Of the Old regime andIberian Colonialism, many Of the IeaderSOf independence 3 theideals Of representative govern me nt, careers 4 to talen t, freedomOf commerce and trade, the 5 to PriVate property, and a belief inthe in dividual as the basis Of SOC

3、iet y. 6 there WaS a belief that thenew nations ShOUld be SOVereign and independent states, Iarge enough to be economically Viable and integrated by a 7 Set Of laws.On the issue Of 8 Of religiOn and the POSitiOn Of the church, 9 , there WaS IeSS agreemerit 10 the leadership ROmanCathOIiCiSm had been

4、 the State religiOn and the OnlyOne 11 by theSPaniSh CrOWn. 12 most leaders SOUght to maintain CathOIiCiSm 13 the OffiCial religion Of the new states, SOme SOUght to end the 14 Of Other faiths The defense Of the ChurCh became a rallying 15 for the COnSerVatiVe forces.The ideals Of the early IeaderS

5、Of independence Were Oftenegalitarian, VaIUing equality Of everything. BOliVar had received aid fromHaiti and had 16 in return to abolish SlaVery in the areas heIiberated By 1854 SlaVery had been abolished everywhere except 17 colonies. Early PrOmiSeS to end Indian tribute and taxes on PeOPle Of mix

6、ed Origin Came much 18 becausethe new nationsStill needed the revenue such POliCieS 19 Egalitarian SentimentsWere Often tempered by fears that the mass Of the POPUlatiOn WaS 20 self-rule and democracy.1.A nativesB inhabitantsC peoplesD individuals2.A COnfUSedlyB CheerfUllyC worridlyD hopefully3.A Sh

7、aredB forgotC attainedD rejected4.A relatedB closeC openD devoted5.A accessB sccssionC rightD return6.A PreSumablyB InCidtallyC ObViOLlSlyD Generally7.A LIniqUeB COmmOnC PartiCIlarD typical&A freedomB OriginC impactD reform9.A thereforeB howeverC indeedD moreover10.A withB aboutC amongD by11.A allow

8、edB PreaChedC grantedD funded12.A SinCeB lfC UnleSSD While13.A asB forC UnderD against14.A SPreadB interferencC exclusionD influence15.A SuPPOrtB cryC pleaD WiSh16.A UrgedB intendedC expectedD PrOmiSed17.A COntrOlIingB formerC remainingD Original18.A SlOWerB fasterC easierD tougher19.A CreatedB PrOd

9、UCedC COntributedD preferred20.A PllZZled by, B hostile toC PeSSimiStiC about, D UnPrePared forSeCtiOn Il Reading COmPrehenSiOnPartADireCtions:Read the following four texts. AnSWer the questions below each text byChOOSing A, B, C, Or D. Mark your anSWerS On ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 POintS)TeXt 1If you We

10、re to examine the birth CertifiCateS Of every soccer Player in2006, S WOrld CUP tman you WOUld most IikeIy find a noteworthyquirk: elite soccer PlayerS are more likely to have been born in the earlier months Of the year than in the Iater months. If you then examined the EUrOPean national youth teams

11、 that feed the WOrld CuP and professiOnal ranks, you WOUld find this Strange Phenomenon to be even more Pronoun ced What might accoUnt for this Strange Phenomenon?Here are a fewguesses: a) Certain astrological SignS COnfer SUPeriOr soccer Sk川s;b) Winter-born babies tend to have higher OXygen capacit

12、y, WhiChin creases soccer Stamina; C) soccer- mad pare nts are more Iikely toCOnCeiVe Children in SPnngtime, at the annual Peak Of soccer mania; d)none Of the above.AnderS EriCSSon, a 58-year-old PSyChOlOgy professor at FlOrida StateUniversity, SayS he believes StrOngly in neof the above. EriCSSOn g

13、rew UP in Sweden, and StUdied nIlClear engineering Until he realized heWOUld have more OPPOrtunity to COnduct his OWn research if he SWitChed to PSyChOlOgy HiS first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, inVOlVed memory: training a PerSOn to hear and then repeat a random series Ofnumbers. With the first

14、subject, after about 20 hours Of training，his digitSPan had risen from 1 to 20, EriCSSOn recalls He kept improving, a after about200 hours Of training he had risen to OVer 80 nLlmberS.ThiS success, COUPled With Iater research ShOWing that memory itself is not genetically determined, Ied EriCSSOn to

15、ConCIUde that the act Ofmemorizing is more Of a COgnitive exercise than an intuitive One In Other words, WhateVer in born differe nces two PeOPle may exhibit in their abilities to nIemOrize, those differences are SWamPed by how Well each PerSonenCOdeSthl Ie information. And the best Way to IearTl ho

16、w to enCOde information meaningfully, EriCSSOn determined, WaS a PrOCeSS known as deliberate practice. Deliberate PraCtiCe entails more than SimPly repeating a task Rather, it inVOlVeS Settjng SPeCifiC goals, Obtaining immediate feedback and COnCentrating as much On techniqe as On outcome.EriCSSOn a

17、nd his colleagues have thus taken to StUdying expertPerfOrmerS in a Wide range Of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just PerfOrmance StatiStiCS and biographical details but also the results Of their OWn IabOratOry experiments With high achievers Their WOrk makes a ra

18、ther Startling assertion: the trait WeCOmmonIy CaIl tale nt is highly OVerrated Or, PUt ano ther way, expert performers 一 Whether in memory Or surgery, ballet Or COmPUter PrOgramming 一 are nearly always made, not born.21.The birthday Phe no men On found among SOCCer players is mentionedtoAstress the

19、 importance Of PrOfeSSiOnal training.BSPOtlight the soccer SUPerStarS in the WOrld Cup.Cintroduce the topic Of What makes expert performance.Dexplain Why SOme SOCCer teams Play better than others.22.The WOrd Irlania (Line 4, ParagraPh 2) most PrObably meansAfun.BCraZe.Chysteria.Dexcitement.23.ACCOrd

20、ing to EriCSSon, good memoryAdepends On meaningfl PrOCeSSing Of information.Bresults from intitive rather than COgnitive exercises.Cis deter mined by gen etic rather tha n PSyChOlOgiCal factors Drequires immediate feedback and a high degree Of COnCentratiOn.24.EriCSSOn and his COlleagLleS believe th

21、atAtalent is a dominating factor for PrOfeSSiOnal success.Bbiographical data PrOVide the key to excellent PerfOrman.Cthe role Of talent tends to be overlooked.Dhigh achievers OWe their SUCCeSS mostly to nUrture.25.WhiCh Of the following PrOVerbS is CIOSeSt to the message the texttries to COnvey?A Fa

22、ith WiIl move mountains.IlB One reaps What One sows.IlC PraCtiCe makes perfect.IlD Like father, Iike son.IlText 2FOr the PaSt several years, the SUnday newspaper SUPPlement Paradehas featured a COIUmn CalIedASk Marilyn. 11 PeOPle are inVited to queryMarilyn VOS SaVant, WhO at age 10 had tested at a

23、mental IeVel OfSOmeOne about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ Of 228 一 the highestSCOre ever recorded.IQ tests ask you to complete Verbal and ViSUalanalogies, to enViSiOn PaPer after it has been folded and cut, and todeduce numerical Sequences,amOng Other Similar tasks. SO it is a bitCOnfUSing When

24、 VOS SaVant fields SuCh queries from the average JOe(WhOSe IQ is 100) as, What,s the difference between IOVe and fondness?Or What is the nature Of IuCk and COincidence? It,S not ObViOUS how thCaPaCity to ViSUaliZe ObjeCtS and to figure OUt nUrneriCal PatternS SUitS Oneto anSWer questiOnS that have e

25、luded SOme Of the best POetS andphilosophers.Clearly ,in tellige nce encompasses more tha n a SCOre On a test. JUStWhat does it mean to be smart? HOW much Of intelligence Can bespecified, and how much Can We Iearn about it from neurology, genetics,COnIPUter SCience and Other fields?The defining term

26、 Of intelligence in humans StiIl Seems to be the IQscore, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they USed to be. Thetest comes Primanly in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence SCaleand the WeChSler Intelligence SCaleS (both COme in adult and Children version). Generally COSting severa

27、l hundred dollars, they are USUally given Only by psychologists, although VariatiOnS Of them POPUlate bookstores and the WOrld Wide Web. SUPerhigh SCOreS Iike VOS SaVant ,sare no IOnger POSSible, because SCOring is now based On a StatiStiCal POPUlatiOn distribution among age peers, rather than SimPl

28、y dividing the mental age by the ChrOnOIOgiCal age and multiplying by 100. Other Standardized tests, SuCh as the SChOlaStiC ASSeSSment TeSt (SAT) and theGradUate Record EXam (GRE), CaPtUre the main aspects Of IQ tests.,Stemberg noSUCh StandardiZedteStS may not assessall the important elements necess

29、ary to succeed in SChOOl and in life, argues RObert J. Sternberg .In his article HOW InteIligent IS Intelligence Testi ng?traditiOnal test best assess analytical and Verbal SkiIlS but fail to measure creativity and PraCtiCal knoWIedge, COmPOnentSalSO CritiCal to problem SOlVing and Iife SuCCeSS- MOr

30、eOVer, IQ tests do not necessarily PrediCt so Well OnCe POPUlatiOnS Or SituatiOns Change. Research hasfoUnd that IQ PrediCted IeaderShiP SkillS When the tests Were given Under low-stress COnditions, but Under high-stress COnditiOns, IQ WaS negatively COrrelated With leadership - that is, it PrediCte

31、d the OPPOSite. AnyOne WhO has toiled through SAT WiIl testify that test-taking Sk川 also matters, Whether its knowing When to guess Or What questiOnS to SkiP26.WhiCh Of the following may be required in an intelligence test?AAnswering PhilOSOPhiCal questions.BFOlding Or CUtting PaPer into different ShaPeS.CTelling the differences between Certain COnCePtS.DChOOSing WOrdS Or graphs Similar to the give