6级考前冲刺试题一.docx

6级考前冲刺试题一.docx

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6级考前冲刺试题一

６级考前冲刺试题一

PartIWriting（30minutes）

1.现在有不少家长让孩子在家上学2.各人看法不同3.我自己的观点

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes

Smokeandminors

Moreteenagegirlssmokethanboys.Coulditbebecausethetobaccoindustryplaysontheirdesiretolookfun,feelconfidentandstaythin?

ForgetBlackBerrysorwedges:

themostdesirableaccessoryforhugenumbersofadolescentgirlstodayisacigarette.Thetrendbeganinthe1990s,whengirlsstartedtoovertakeboysassmokers;thegapgrewto10percentagepointsin2004with26%of15-year-oldgirlssmokingcomparedwith16%ofboys.Thegaphasnarrowedsincebutin2009girlsarestillmorelikelytosmokethanboys.

Therehaslongbeenasynergy（协同作用）betweenthechangingself-imageofgirlsandthetricksofthetobaccoindustry.Smokingwasdescribedbyoneteamofresearchersasawayinwhichsomeadolescentgirlsexpresstheirresistancetothe“goodgirl”feminineidentity.In2011,whenKateMosscreatescontroversybysmokingtobaccoontheLouisVuittoncatwalkandLadyGagabreaksthelawbylightinguponstage,cigaretteshaveclearlylostnoneoftheirappeal.

What’sdifferenttodayisthe“darkmarketing”techniquesusedbythetobaccoindustrysincetheendof“above-the-line”advertisingin2002.Theseappealtogirls’fearsandfantasies,throughonlineandreal-worldsponsorship.

Tobaccomanufacturers,forinstance,havebeenaccusedoffloodingYouTubewithvideosofsexysmokingteenagegirls,whileinapioneeringpartnershipwithBritishAmericanTobacco,London’sMinistryofSoundnightclubagreedin1995topromoteLuckyStrikecigarettes.Mostharmfulbecausetheyarethemostcovert（隐蔽的）,though,aretheundergrounddancepartiesorganisedbyMarlboroMxtronicandUrbanWave,themarketingwingofCamel.BeneaththeCamellogo,UrbanWavedanceparties—stretchingfromMexicototheUkraine—handoutfreecigarettes,andarethemselvesfree:

youmustbeinvitedandregister,therebyhelpingthetobaccocompanybuildupadatabase.IntheUSa2007fashion-themedCamel9campaignwasclearlytargetedatyoungwomen,andso-called“brandstretching”haspopularisedtobaccobrandsonnon-tobaccoproducts,suchasMarlboroClassicClothes.

Adolescentgirlsseemparticularlysusceptibletotheblandishmentsofthetobaccoindustry.Susie,15,begansmokingtwoyearsago.“Itwasonthecommonandeveryonestartedexperimenting.Youthink,‘Ooh,I’mmorecool,oohIfeelgrownupandinwiththecrowd.’”Vanessa,15,remembersthat“itgavemeaheadrush,anditimpressedmyfriends”.Becca,21,becamearegularsmokerat15.“Weweregoingoutandlyingaboutourageandthoughtsmokingmadeuslookolder.”

JanneScheffels,aNorwegianresearcher,arguedrecentlythatteenagegirlsmokersviewitasakindof“prop（支撑）”inaperformanceofadulthood,awayofcrossingtheboundarybetweenchildhoodandadolescence,andmovingawayfromparents’authority.Becca,says:

“Itfeltlikegettingoneovermyparents:

thefactthattheydidn’tlikeitandcouldn’tstopitmademefeelbetter.”

Teenagesmokers,thetheoryusedtogo,sufferfromalackofself-esteem.Therealityismorecomplex.Asuccessionofstudieshavefoundthatsmokingpositionsyouinagroupof“topgirls”—high-status,popular,fun-loving,rebellious,confident,coolparty-goerswhoprojectself-esteem（not,ofcourse,thesameasactuallyhavingit）.Non-smokersaremostlyseenasmoresensibleandlessrisk-taking.

Smoking,saysVanessa,isalsobonding.Youstartconversationswithstrangerswhenyouaskforalight—anattractivesociallubricant（润滑剂）forawkwardteenagers.Butthehubofteensmokingisbreak-time:

itbuildsagirl’ssmokingidentity.Sara,14,says:

“Thatwaswhenitbecameregular,whenIstartedgoingoutatlunchandbreak,roundthecornerfromschoolwhereeveryonesmokes.Youbecomelessclosetopeoplewhodon’tgoout.”

Somesmokeforemotionalreasons:

smokersaremorelikelytobeanxiousanddepressed;havingacigaretteisawayofdealingwithstress.Twiceasmanyteenagegirlssufferfrom“teenanxiety”asboys,accordingtoareportfromthethinktankDemoslastmonth.

AccordingtoAmandaAmos,professorofhealthpromotionattheUniversityofEdinburgh,there’salsoasocialclassdimension:

moredisadvantagedteenagegirlssmoke,andthey’relesslikelytogiveup.Thenwhyaren’tboysequallyaffected?

Thisiswhereitgetsparticularlydispiriting.“Topboys”havealternativewaysofdisplayingprestige,suchassport:

smokingtolookcoolconflictswiththeirdesiretogetfit.Girlswanttobethinmorethanfit:

smoking,theybelieve,helpskeeptheirweightdown.Oneinfoursaidthatsmokingmadethemfeellesshungryandthattheysmoked“insteadofeating”.

Alreadyinthe1920sthepresidentofAmericanTobaccorealisedhecouldinterestwomenincigarettesbysellingthemasafat-freewaytosatisfyhunger.TheLuckyStrikeadvertsof1925,“ReachforLuckyinsteadofasweet”,oneofthefirstcigaretteadvertcampaignsaimedatwomen,increaseditsmarketsharebymorethan200%.Between1949and1999,accordingtointernaldocumentsfromthetobaccoindustryreleasedduringlitigationintheUS,PhilipMorrisandBritishAmericanTobaccoaddedappetitesuppressantstocigarettes.

Theindustryhascontinuedtoexploitgirls’andwomen’sanxietiesaboutweight.Sinceadvertisingwasbanned,saysAmos,packagingisoneofthefewwaysthattobaccocompaniescancommunicatewithwomen.Youngwomenlookingatcigarettepacksbranded“slim”aremorelikelytobelievethatthecontentscanhelpmakethemslim.Sonoprizesforguessingthetargetmarketforthenew“super-skinny”cigarettes—halfthedepthofanormalpackof20—likeVogueSuperslims,ortheVirginiaS.

Untilrecently,fewhealtheducationcampaignshadtakenonboardtheresearchintowhyyoungwomensmokeandso—unsurprisingly—hadlittleimpact.Someeveninadvertentlyencouragedsmoking:

ifyoubangonabouthowbadcigarettesareyoumakethem—tothisgroup—soundgood.Andthere’snopointintryingtoscaregirlsaboutdevelopingcancerwhenthey’reold:

theydon’tthinktheywillbe.

TheonesIinterviewedknowthehealthrisksbutuseallkindsofstrategiestoexemptthemselves:

theirunclessmokeandarefine;they’llstopwhenthey’repregnant（theydisapproveofsmokingpregnantwomen）;they’llstoptoavoidwrinkles;they’llstopwhenthey’re“20or30”.

Thesuccessfulcampaignshavebeenradicallydifferent.Thebrilliantlate-1990sFlorida“truth”campaign,eschewing（避开）worthypublichealthappeals,playedthetobaccoindustryatitsowngame.ThroughMTVads,anewsletterdistributedinrecordshops,merchandising,anda“truth”trucktouringconcertsandraves,itattackedtheindustryformanipulatingteenstosmoke,repositioninganti-smokingasahip,rebelliousyouthmovement.Asaresult,thenumberofyoungsmokersdeclinedbyalmost10%overtwoyears.

Itdoesn’tdotogetmorallyanxiousaboutgirlsandsmoking.Foronething,nowthat—inyear10—”everyonesmokes”,non-smokersandotherindependent-mindedgirlsareacquiringacooloftheirown.Smokingtolookcool,it’sevenbeensuggested,risksyoubeingjudgeda“try-hard”.

Ontheotherhand,canceristhegreatestcauseofdeathamongwomenand,asAmospointsout,wehaven’tseenthefullhealthconsequencesofthisbulgeofgirls’smokingyet.LastweekAmosaddressedtheEuropeanparliamentaspartofEuropeAgainstCancerWeek.FemaleMEPS（membersoftheEuropeanparliament）wereshockedwhenshepassedroundpacketsofsuper-skinniesclearlytargetedatgirls,anddiscussedhowwomenneedtobeempowerednottosmoke.Girlsneedalternativesthatmakethemfeelaspowerful,independentandattractiveastheythinkcigarettesdo.Smokingreallyisafeministissue.

1.Inthe1990s,therewasatrendthat_______.

A）girlsdesiredforhigh-endproductsC）moreteenagegirlssmokedthanboys

B）cigarettesbecamenecessarytogirlsD）manyboysstartedtoquitsmoking

2.WhatdotheexamplesofKateMossandLadyGagashow?

A）Sexysmokingteenagegirlsenjoygreatpopularity.

B）Topbrandstendtohirecelebritiesintheirpromotions.

C）Fewadolescentgirlsaresatisfiedwiththeirappearance.

D）Smokingisstillveryappealingtomanyteenagegirls.

3.WhatissaidabouttheundergrounddancepartiesorganizedbyMarlboroMxtronic?

A）Theyarehiddenandextremelyharmful.C）Theycanbefoundthroughouttheworld.

B）Theygivepeopleenormouspleasure.D）Theyaremainlyaimedatteenageboys.

4.AccordingtoJanneScheffels,adolescentgirlsregardsmokingas_______.

A）asignofbeinganxiousanddepressed

B）anactofdefiancetowardparentalauthority

C）awayofstartingconversationswithstrangers

D）aneffectivemethodofimpressingtheirpeers

5.Theauthorsuggeststhat“topgirls”_______.

A）arelesslikelytobesmokersC）aremoresensiblethanothergirls

B）candealwithstressverywellD）don’tactuallyhaveself-esteem

6.AmandaAmosholdsthatdisadvantagedgirls_______.

A）realizetheharmofsmokingC）wanttogetfitinsteadofbeingthin

B）arelesslikelytostopsmokingD）havehealthywaysoflosingweight

7.WhatdidAmericanTobaccodotoattractwomentocigarettesinthe1920s?

A）Itusedsubstancesthatincreasedappetite.

B）Ithandedoutfreecigarettesinpublicplaces.

C）Itsoldcigarettesasaslimmingaidforwomen.

D）Itproducedcigarettesthathadasweettaste.

8.Youngwomentendtobelievethatcigarettesinslimpackscanhelpthemtobe______________________________.

9.Heatheducationcampaignshad______________________________onstoppingwomenfromsmokingbecausefewofthemstudiedthereasonwomensmo