生化英文教学大纲.docx

生化英文教学大纲.docx

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生化英文教学大纲

BiochemistryCourseOutline

Preface

Biochemistryandmolecularbiologyfocusonthechemicalcompositionoforganismandthelawsofchemicalchangesduringthelifeprocess.Thecontentofthecourseincludesthefollowing:

①structureandfunctionofsomebiomacromoleculesasprotein,nucleicacid,carbohydrate,lipidandenzyme.②metabolismofcarbohydrate,lipid,aminoacidandnucleotideinvivo.③molecularbasisandregulationlawsingeneticinformationtransferring.④cellsignaltransductionandextracellularmatrixneedfulforvariousphysiologicalactivities.⑤specialbiochemistryofsometissuesandorgansasbloodandliver.Thissubjectmainlyadoptsprincipleandmethodsofchemistry,andalsomeltsthetheoryandskillsofbiophysics,physiology,cellbiology,geneticsandimmunology.So,ithasextensiveinterrelationandintersectionwithnumeroussubjects.Biochemistryandmolecularbiologyisoneoftheimportantbasicsubjectsformedicine.

Chapter1Introduction

[Contentofcourse]

I.Theconceptofbiochemistry.Thedevelopmenthistoryofbiochemistry

II.Maincontentsofbiochemistrycourse

i.Thechemicalconstitutes,moleculestructureandfunctionoforganism

ii.Thematerialmetabolismanditsregulation

iii.Thereserve,deliverandexpressionofgeneticinformation

III.Biochemistryandmedicalscience

[Request]

I.Grasptheconceptofbiochemistry

II.Acquaintwiththemaincontentsofbiochemistry

III.Knowtherelationbetweenthebiochemistryandmedicalscience

Chapter2

Structureandfunctionofprotein

[Contentofcourse]

I.Importanceofproteininlifeprocess

II.Moleculeconstituteofprotein

i.Chemicalelementoftheprotein

ii.Basicstructureunitofprotein—aminoacids

iii.Peptide

iv.Proteinclassification

III.Molecularstructureofprotein

i.Primarystructure

ii.Secondarystructure

iii.Tertiarystructure

iv.Quaternarystructure

IV.Relationshipbetweenthestructureandfunctionofprotein

i.Relationshipofprimarystructureandfunctionofprotein

ii.Relationshipofspatialstructureandfunctionofprotein

V.Physicsandchemistryproperty,separationandpurificationofprotein

i.Physicsandchemistryproperty

ii.Separationandpurification

iii.Aminoacidssequenceanalysisofpolypeptidechain

iv.Spatialstructuremeasurementofprotein

[Request]

I.Knowthecharacteristicsofchemicalelementofprotein,graspthebasicstructureofaminoacidsandacquaintwiththeclassificationandthephysicsandchemistrypropertyofaminoacids.

II.Graspthebasicconceptofthepeptidebondandpeptidechainandtheprimarystructurecharacteristicsofinsulin.Knowafewimportantbioactivepeptide.

III.Knowtheprinciplesofproteinclassification.

IV.Graspthefamiliartypeofsecondarystructure:

alpha-helix,beta-pleatedsheet,beta-turnandrandomcoil.Acquaintwiththeconceptofthepeptideunit,motif,andchaperon.

V.Grasptheconceptoftertiarystructureanddomain.Analyzethetertiarystructurecharacteristicsofribonuclease.

VI.Grasptheconceptofquaternarystructureandanalyzethequaternarystructurecharacteristicsofhemoglobin（Hb）.

VII.Grasptherelationshipbetweenprimarystructureandfunctionofprotein.Acquaintwiththeconceptof"moleculardisease".

VIII.Grasptherelationshipbetweenspatialstructureandfunctionofproteinandacquaintwithrelationshipbetweentheconformationvarietyandthefunctionofbindingtooxygenofhemoglobin.

IX.Grasptheampholyteproperty,highmolecularweightanddenaturationofprotein.Acquaintwithprecipitationandofproteinultravioletabsorption.

X.Grasptheelectrophoresisandgelfiltrationofprotein.Knowthesaltprecipitation,isoelectricpoint,ultrafiltrationandultracentrifugation.

XI.Knowtheprinciplesofprimarystructuremeasurementofprotein.

XII.Knowtheprincipleandmeaningofthespatialstructureestimationofprotein.

Chapter3

Structureandfunctionofnucleicacid

[Contentofcourse]

I.Chemicalconstituteofnucleicacid

i.Basecomponentofnucleotide

ii.Pentoseandnucleoside

iii.Structureandnamingofnucleotide

II.Primarystructureofnucleicacid

III.Spatialstructureandfunctionofdeoxyribonucleicacid（DNA）

i.SecondarystructureofDNA——doublehelixstructuremodel

ii.SuperhelixofDNA

iii.FunctionofDNA

IV.Spatialstructureandfunctionofribonucleicacid（RNA）

i.Messengerribonucleicacid（mRNA）

ii.Transferribonucleicacid（tRNA）

iii.Ribosomalribonucleicacid（rRNA）

iv.OthersmallribonucleicacidandRNomics

v.Ribozyme

V.Physicsandchemistrypropertyofnucleicacidanditsapplication

i.Generalphysicsandchemistryproperty

ii.DNAdenaturation

iii.DNArenaturation（annealing）andhybridization

VI.Nuclease

[Request]

I.Graspthestructure,symbolandpropertyoffamiliarnucleotides.GraspthemolecularconstituteofDNAandRNA.Grasptheconnectionpatternandthebonddirectivityofnucleotide.Grasptheprimarystructureofnucleicacidanditsrepresentationalmethod.

II.GraspthesecondarystructureofDNAandtRNA——doublehelixstructuremodelandcloverleafpattern.

III.Graspthedenaturation,renaturation,unwindingcurveandmeltingtemperatureofDNA.

IV.Knowthefollowingconcepts:

annealing,hybridization,ribozymeandnuclease.

Chapter4Enzyme

[Contentofcourse]

I.Molecularstructureandfunctionofenzyme

i.Molecularconstitute:

simpleenzyme,conjugatedenzyme,coenzymeandcofactor

ii.Activecenterofenzyme

II.Characteristicsandmechanismofenzyme-catalyzedreaction

i.Characteristics:

highefficiency,highspecificityandadjustability.

iii.Mechanism

III.Kineticsofenzyme-catalyzedreaction

i.Effectsofsubstrateconcentration

ii.Effectsofenzymeconcentration

iii.Effectsoftemperature

iv.EffectsofpHvalue

v.Effectsofinhibitor

vi.Effectsofactivator

vii.Activitymeasurementandactiveunitofenzyme

IV.Regulationofenzyme

i.Activationofenzymeandzymogen.Allostericenzyme.Covalentmodificationofenzyme

ii.Regulationofenzymequantity

iii.Isoenzyme

V.Classificationandnamingofenzyme

VI.Relationshipbetweenenzymeandmedicalscience

i.Enzymeanddiseaseoccurrence

ii.Enzymeanddiseasediagnosis

iii.Enzymeanddiseasetherapy

iv.Other

[Request]

I.Grasptheopinionsthatenzymeisessentiallyaprotein,sogenerallyallnotheat-proof,andthefactorsleadingtoproteindenaturationallhaveinfluencetotheactivityofenzymeeasily.

II.Acquaintwithmolecularconstituteofenzymeandgraspenzymeactivitycenter.

III.Acquaintwiththecharacteristicsofenzyme-catalyzedreactionandKnowthemechanismofenzyme-catalyzedreaction.

V.Grasptheeffectsofsubstrateconcentrationonenzyme-catalyzedreaction:

Michaelisequation,measurementandmeaningofMichaelisconstant（Km）andmaximumvelocity（Vmax）.

Grasptheeffectsofinhibitoronenzyme-catalyzedreaction:

kineticscharacteristicsandphysiologicalsignificance

Acquaintwiththemeasurementofenzymeactivity,conceptofenzymeactivityunitandtheeffectsofactivatoronenzyme-catalyzedreaction

VI.Graspthephysiologicalsignificanceandmechanismofzymogenactivation.

Grasptheconceptandregulativefunctionofallostericenzyme

Grasptheconceptandphysiologicalsignificanceofsynergisticeffectandenzymecovalentmodification

Grasptheconcept,molecularcharacteristicsandregulativesignificanceofisoenzyme

VII.Knowtheclassificationandnamingprinciplesofenzyme

VIII.Acquaintwithapplicationofenzymeindiseaseoccurrence,diagnosisandtherapy

Chapter5

Carbohydratemetabolism

[Contentofcourse]

I.Physiologicalfunction,digestionandabsorptionofcarbohydrate

II.Anaerobicdecompositionofcarbohydrate:

reactionprocess,regulationofglysolysisandphysiologicalsignificance

III.Aerobicoxidationofcarbohydrate:

reactionprocess,ATPproduction,regulationofaerobicoxidationandPastuereffect

IV.Pentosephosphatepathway:

reactionprocess,regulationandphysiologicalsignificance

V.Synthesisanddecompositionofglycogen

i．Synthesisanddecompositionofliverglycogen

ii．Regulationofliverglycogensynthesisanddecomposition

iii．Synthesisanddecompositionofmuscleglycogenandglycogenstoragedisease

VI.Gluconeogenesis:

process,regulation,physiologicalsignificanceandCoricycle

VII.Bloodsugaranditsregulation

i.Sourceandoutletofbloodsugar

ii.Hormoneregulatingtheconcentrationofbloodsugar

iii.Abnormalityofbloodsugarlevel

[Request]

I.Knowthephysiologicalfunctionofcarbohydrateanditsdigestionandabsorptioninbody

II.Graspthereactionprocess,rate-limitingenzyme,ATPproduction,regulationandphysiologicalsignificanceofglycolysispathway

III.Graspthebasicreactionsintheprocessofpyruvateoxidativedecarboxylationandtricarboxylicacidcycle.Grasptherate-limitingenzyme,ATPproduction,regulationandphysiologicalsignificanceofaerobicoxidationpathway.AcquaintwithPastuereffect

IV.Knowthereactionprocessandregulationofpentosephosphatepathway,andgraspthephysiologicalsignificanceofpentosephosphatepathway

V.Acquaintwiththebasicreactionintheprocessofliverglycogensynthesisanddecomposition.Grasptheregulationofliverglycogensynthesisanddecomposition.Knowtheregulationofmuscleglycogensynthesisanddecomposition.Knowglycogenstoragedisease

VI.Grasptheconceptofgluconeogenesisandacquaintwiththebasicreaction,regulationandphysiologicalsignificanceofgluconeogenesispathway.AcquaintwithCoricycleanditsphysiologicalsignificance.

VII.Acquaintwiththenormalconcentrationofbloodsugarandhormoneregulatingtheconcentrationofblo