物流英语基本概念.docx
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物流英语基本概念
物流英语基本概念
一、物流基本概念：
1. Logistics is referred to the article flow, but not including the flow of the people. 物流是指物品流动，但不包括人流。
2. The concept of article in logistics includes tangible goods and intangible service, such as customer service, freight agents and logistics network design.
物流中，物品的概念包括有形的货物和无形的服务，如客户服务、货运代理及物流网络设计。
3. Logistics documents generally refer to documentations required to complete all processes of logistics, such as contracts, bills, and notes.
物流单证一般是指完成整个物流过程所需的文件，如合同、票据、签单。
4. The external logistics is about the macro economic activities, like international trade and global investment.
社会物流主要关于宏观经济活动，如国际贸易和全球投资。
5. The four key procedures in the internal logistics are supply, production, distribution and reverse. 企业物流的四个关键步骤是：
供应、生产、销售和回收。
6. Supply Chain Management （SCM） is a system applied to maximize profits for all parties in the whole logistic system and other economic systems.
供应链管理（SCM）是一个系统，应用于将整个物流系统与其他经济体系的所有各方的利益最大化。
7. A standarized logistic system ensures better time management, location choices and distribution capacities.
一个标准化的物流管理系统应确保更好的时间管理、地点选择和分配能力。
8. Distribution capacity is value added in the logistic system. 配送能力是物流系统的增值（服务）。
9. Logistics system includes customer service, packaging, transportation, storage, distribution processing and information control.
物流系统包括客户服务，包装，运输，仓储，流通加工和信息控制。
10. Market share is the proportion of sales of a good or service provided by one companyto the industry sales of such good or service.
市场份额是指一家公司提供的商品或服务等占行业销售的该商品或服务的比例。
11. The need for outsourcing creates Third Party Logistics. 外包需求催生第三方物流。
12. Customer Relationship Management （CRM） is software to manage the relationship and communication between customers and suppliers.
客户关系管理（CRM）是管理软件，用于管理客户及供应商之间的沟通与关系。
13. Exclusive distribution refers to the fact that there is only one wholesaler or retailer who selling a product or providing a certain service.
独家分销是指，只有一个批发商或零售商销售某种产品或提供某种服务。
14. A logistic model is a standardized module that is used to regulate the cargo transportation, manage logistics facilities and equipments.
物流模型是一个标准化的模块，用于调节货物运输、管理物流设施和设备。
15．Letter of credit （L/C） is used exclusively by the buyer. It is a letter issued by the bank employed by the buyer which authorizes the bearer （the supplier or seller） to draw a stated amount of money from the issuing bank.
信用证（L/C）使用时完全由买方承担。
它是由受雇于买方的银行发行的一封信，授权信用证的持有者从发信银行提取指定额度的资金。
16. A logistics center consists of a series of integrated logistic activities, processes, equipments, and information network.
物流中心由一系列的综合物流活动，过程，设备，信息网络组成。
17. Third Party Logistics refers to specialized logistics service providers that provide specific services for suppliers and customers.
第三方物流是指专业化的物流服务提供商，为供应商和客户提供具体服务。
18. Customized logistics refer to a logistic system or process specifically designed to cater to an individual customer’s requirements and needs.
定制物流是指一个专门设计的物流系统或过程，可迎合个别客户的要求和需要。
19. Logistics alliance refers to the long term cooperation and business relationship between logistics supplier and customers.
物流联盟是指物流供应商和客户之间的长期合作和业务关系。
20. Bridge transport refers to containers transported by railway using the bridges that link both ends separated by river or oceans.
桥运输是指借助于链接被河流或海洋隔开的两端的桥梁，通过铁路运输的集装箱。
21. International logistics is a result of international commercial activities, cross border investment, and importing and exporting activities.
国际物流是国际商业活动、跨境投资、进口和出口活动的结果。
22. Time value in logistics refers to the differences in value of the same goods at different time. 物流的时间价值是指同一商品在不同时间的价值差异。
23. Location value in logistics refers to the differences in value of the same goods in different locations.
物流的空间价值是指同一商品在不同地点的价值差异。
24. Logistics vehicles include ships, trucks, trains and aircrafts used in the logistics process.
物流运输工具包括在物流过程中使用的船只、卡车、火车和飞机。
25. The main differences between the traditional and modern logistic systems are the usage of containers and information technologies.
传统与现代物流系统的主要区别是对集装箱和信息技术的使用。
26. Integrated logistics management was the early stage of Supply Chain Management （SCM）. 综合物流管理是供应链管理（SCM）的早期阶段。
27. International transport is the major part in international logistics. 国际运输是国际物流的重要组成部分。
28. Third Party Logistics assist the execution of logistic activities. 第三方物流协助物流活动的执行。
29. Fourth Party Logistics is the planner and manager for logistics network, while Third Logistics is the supplier of logistics service, like transport and storage.
第四方物流是物流网络策划者和管理者，而第三方物流是物流服务供应商，如运输和储存。
30. Supply Chain is the relationship between suppliers and customers. In the supply chain, suppliers rank before buyer, seller and customers.
供应链是供应商与客户的关系。
在供应链中，供应商排名在买方、卖方和客户之前。
31. Logistics activities, especially transportation have a major impact on the environment. 物流活动，特别是运输对环境有重大影响。
32. Logistics is a combination of applied technology and business management. 物流是应用技术和业务管理的结合。
33. Insurance is very important to logistics because of the potential hazards and dangers in the process, such as fire, theft, handling damage and even the natural disasters. 对物流而言，保险非常重要，因为物流过程中有潜在危害和危险，如火灾、盗窃、损坏，甚至自然灾害。
34. Costs for logistics are similar to all other businesses and include fixed cost, variable cost and management cost.
物流成本与所有其他商业活动类似，包括固定成本、可变成本和管理成本。
35. The process to handle export and import with the international customs is the customs declaration. 与国际海关处理出口和进口的过程即报关。
36. Customer services link all logistics activities effectively. 客户服务有效地连接所有的物流活动。
37. The bank is a third party in the payment process between the buyers and sellers. 银行是在买家和卖家之间付款过程的第三方。
38. Letter of Credit is issued by the buyer’s bank for the importer’s benefits. 信用证由买方银行以进口商的名义签发。
39. Industry competition leads to more efforts to improve customer service. 行业竞争导致了更多努力，以改善客户服务。
40. For small and medium-sized companies, logistics management is still largely decentralized. 对于小型和中型公司，物流管理在很大程度上仍是分散的。
41. Customer service is specially set up to provide services to handle and inquiry and respond to demands from customers.
客户服务是专门设立提供服务，以处理、询问和响应来自客户的需求。
42. Safety is always the top concern for warehouses to handle goods. 安全始终是仓库货物处理最关心的问题。
43. Logistics information refers general logistics knowledge, materials, images, data and documentation.
物流信息是指一般的物流知识、资料、图像、数据和文件。
44. Most large companies locate in the Central Business District of a city. 大多数大型公司位于一个城市的中央商务区。
45. In a bull market, market prices for most goods will continuously go up. 在牛市中，大多数商品市场价格将不断上升。
46.Thepaymentofmostglobaltransactionsiscarriedoutintheformofletterofcredit.大多数全球交易的付款采用信用证的形式。
47.Distributionprocessingvalueisthevalueaddedbychangingthelength,thicknessandpackageofgoods.
配送加工价值是通过改变货物的长度、厚度和包装产生的增值。
48.Communicationlinkstheentirelogisticsprocesswithcustomers.通信将整个物流过程与客户连接。
49.Demandforecastinghelpsmanagerstousetheirresourceseffectively.需求预测可以帮助管理者有效地利用其资源。
50.Theprocesstooperateandmanagelogisticsislogisticscontrolactivities.操作和管理物流的过程就是物流控制活动。
51.Supplylogisticsistheprocedureinwhichordersaretakenfromcustomersandpurchasesaredeliveredtothewarehousebelongedofthecustomers.供应物流是一种程序，在其中，订单从客户获取，购买的物品则被配送到客户所属的仓库。
52.Distributionprocessingisdifferentfromamanufacturingprocess.流通加工不同于制造过程。
53.Distributionlogisticsisthedeliveryofprocessinwhichfinalproductsaredeliveredfromsellerstobuyers.配送物流是最终产品从卖方交付给买家的运送过程。
二、储存功能：
1.Storageisaprocessinwhichgoodsarestored,protectedandmanaged.存储是货物的储存，保护和管理过程。
2.Everymanufacturerandwholesalerneedinventory.每个制造商和批发商都需要存货。
3.FixedQuantitySystem（FQS）ismoreaccurateandconvenientthanFixedIntervalSystem（FIS）.定量订货方式比定期订货方式更准确、更方便。
4."Twenty-Eighty"analysismethodisthesameasABCclassification.20--80”分析法与ABC分类法相同。
5. Zero Inventory is guaranteed by the full market supply and Just-In-Time （JIT）. 充分的市场供应和JIT管理可以保证零库存。
6. Procurement is the process in which materials for production are ordered from customers. 采购是客户订购生产资料的过程。
7. Supply chain links all suppliers and customers along a system in which products and services are delivered. 供应链通过产品和服务交付系统，连接供应商客户。
8. Cycle stock is the maximum inventory based on the maximum needs. 周转库存是基于最大需求的最大库存。
9. Safe stock refers to minimum inventory level given the forecasted market demand. 安全库存是指基于预测市场需求的最低库存水平。
10. The average time when the goods is moved in and out of warehouse is inventory cycle time. 物品移入和移出仓库的平均时间是库存周转时间。
11. Inventory control is the method to keep the best inventory level and position with the minimum cost to satisfy the demand.
库存控制是保持最佳库存水平和位置的方法，以最低成本满足需求。
12. When the inventory is reduced to a specific level, purchase for new parts and material will start. It is called the Order Point System.
当库存减少到一个特定水平，新零部件和原材料采购将启动。
这就是所谓的订货点制度。
13. Zero stock is means zero inventory. 零库存是指零存货。
14. Inspection is the operation to check the quantity, quality and package of the goods according to the contract and specific standards.
检验是按合同和具体标准，检查货物的数量、质量和包装。
15. Goods that are stored in warehouses for distribution and sales are called inventory. 存放在仓库待配送和销售的货物被称为库存。
16. Warehouse rental represent a very significant proportion of total warehouse cost. 仓库租金占总仓储成本的一个非常重要的比例。
17. The size of warehouses are determined by the needs of the customer groups, such as their inventory level planning.
仓库大小取决于客户群体的需要，如他们的库存水平规划。
18. Commodity inspection is the process in which exported and imported goods are examined for their quantity, quality, package, place of production, safety and hygiene conditions.商检是检查进出口商品的数量、质量、包装、生产、安全和卫生条件的过程。
19. Electronic Order System （EOS） is responsible for taking customer orders and the information sharing between companies connected to the transactions.
电子订货系统（EOS）负责获取客户订单、负责交易有
升级会员 