作文讲义Unit1的参考答案.docx

作文讲义Unit1的参考答案.docx

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作文讲义Unit1的参考答案

作文讲义Unit1的参考答案（仅供参考，有不妥之处请指正。

谢谢！

）

Task1

1.Distinguishbetweentheinformalandtheformalwordsinthefollowingpairs:

InformalFormal

boss,superior;

brainy,intelligent;

pal,friend;

flunk,fail;

folks,relatives,

job,position;

kid,child;

knockoff,stopworking;

mean,ill-natured;

skimpy,meagre;

sloppy,untidy;

nap,snooze;

bike,bicycle;

lab,laboratory;

exam,examination;

guy,man.

2.Classifythefollowingasformal,informal,slang,etc.

1）cash,currency,dough,legaltender,lucre,money,sugar;

2）allin,exhausted,faggedout,fatigued,tired,weary;

3）apparel,clothes,garments,rags,raiment,clothing;

4）cinema,films,flickers,motionpictures,movies,photoplays,pictures;

5）job,place,position,post,situation,station;

6）pay,salary,wages,income.

common

formal

informal

slang

derogatory

legal

literary&olduse

used

AmE.

money

currency

cash

dough

sugar

lucre

legaltender

exhausted

tired

weary

fatigued

allin

faggedout

clothes

clothing

garment

apparel

raiment

rags

film

movies

photoplays

cinema

flickers

motion

pictures

job

place

position

post

situation

station

3．Canyouthinkofaninformalwayofsayingthefollowingwordsorphrases?

grandmother;（Gran/Granny/Nana）

annually;（each/everyyear）

child;（kid）

handinnotice;（quit,leave）

agreatdealof;（loadsof,plentyof）

correspondence.（letters,mail）

4.Canyouthinkofaformalwayofsayingthefollowingwordsorphrases?

change;（transform）

phoneyouback;（returnyourcall）

binman;（refusecollector）

getyourmoneyback;（refundyourpayment）

payyourbill;（settleyouraccount）

sendonallletters（forwardallcorrespondence）

5.Thefollowingisastudent’sessayinwhichtheauthorusesamixedstyle.Revisetheessay,makingitconsistentinstyle.

PracticeMakesPerfect

Afamoussayinggoesthat“practicemakesperfect”.Itmeansthatwhenpeoplearelearningtodosomethingnew,theywillbegoodatitonlyafterhavinglotsofpracticeoverandoveragain.

Ihavehadsuchexperiencesformanytimes.InlearningEnglishit’sespeciallytrue.TolearnEnglishwell,wemustreadmore,speakmore,listenmoreandwritemore.Atthebeginning,Icouldn’tspeakEnglishfluently,soItookeverychancetopractice,suchasgoingtotheEnglishcorner,talkingtoforeigners,readingEnglishaloudinthemorning,andevenspeakingtomyself,fromtimetotime.Ikeptthepracticeforalongtimeandtomydelight,myspokenEnglishwasmuchbetterthanbefore.It’salsothesameinEnglishlisteningandwriting.

Anotherexample,whenpeoplefirstlearntotype,theyarenotfamiliarwiththekeyboardandcan’ttypeveryfast.Aslongastheykeeponpracticing,theyaresuretolearntheskillandtypefastenough.

Ilikethesaying–practicemakesperfect,whichencouragesmetopracticemoretillIreachperfectness.

（将缩写形式改正，如：

it’s改为itis,couldn’t改为couldnot,就成为较正式文体。

反之，若改为缩写形式，则为不正式文体。

）

Task2

1.Listenoughspecific,concretedetailstomakeeachofthefollowingabstractionsmeaningfulandtangible.（下面给出几个例子）

1）virtue:

honesty,integrity,uprightness,justice,fortitude,hard-working,kind,…

2）unselfish:

considerate,generous,kind,helpful,benevolent,…

3）beautiful:

blonde,slim,good-looking,delicate,rosy,…

4）happiness:

cheer,laughter,delight,felicity,joyfulness,…

5）brotherlylove:

kind,helpful,friendly,loyal,tender,forgiving,…

6）evil:

deceptive,immoral,corrupt,pollution,disaster,curse,scandal,…

7）sexy:

略

8）reality:

略

9）difficult:

exhausting,tedious,heavy,painful,…

10）important:

big,historic,meaningful,influential,…

2.Decidewhichwordineachgroupismoregeneral,whichnext,etc.Numberthewords,markingthemostgeneralword1,thenextgeneral2,etc.

1）book,publication,HuckleberryFinn,novel

publication-book-novel-HuckleberryFinn

2）clothing,men’swear,jeans,trousers

clothing-men’swear-trousers-jeans（这道题有些疑问）

3）food,apple,fruit,Winesap

food-fruit-apple-Winesap（美国晚熟红苹果）

4）tools,equipment,wrenches,crescentwrenches

equipment-tools-wrenches-crescentwrenches

5）music,art,Beethoven’sFifth,pianoconcerto

art-music-pianoconcerto-Beethoven’sFifth

3.Rewritethefollowingsentences,makinggeneralwordsmorespecific.

1）Amanwaslookingthroughastorewindow.

A5-year-oldkidwaslookingthroughacandystorewindow.

2）Ididalotofthingsduringmyvacation.

IvisitedtheGreatWall,ForbiddenCity,andotherhistoricalsitesduringmyvacation.

3）Severalaspectsoftheroommadeitunattractive.

Thethickcurtainblockssunlight,makingtheroomdarkerandcooler.

4）Theinjurythatourbestplayerhadsufferedwasseriousenoughtokeephimoutofthegame.

Theheadinjurythatourbestplayerhadsufferedwasserious…

5）Aftereating,wehadsomereallygoodentertainment.

Aftereating,westartedtosingkaraokeanddance.

6）Onememberofthegroupwasirresponsibleaboutsomeofherduties.

Onememberofthegroupforgottogiveherclientsthedetailedinstructiononhowtologonthewebsite.

7）Duringthelastpartofthetrip,weencounteredseveraldifficulties.

Duringthelastpartofthetrip,weencounteredratherheavysnow.

8）Manyitemsaroundtheplaceneededtoberepairedbeforethepeoplecouldmovein.

Theroadsandsewagesystemaroundtheplaceneededtobe…

9）It’saninterestingbook.

Thisbookpaintedavividpictureofthegeneral’slife.

10）Theactionsofthepeoplerepresentedbothatestofstrengthandanefforttogainprestigeforthecause.

（略）

4.Revisethefollowingparagraphformajobapplicationletterbysubstitutingspecific,concretelanguageforgeneralorabstractwordsandphrases.

（下划线处需要使用specificwords.）

Ihavehadseveralpart-timejobslately.Someofthemwouldqualifymeforthepositionyouadvertised.Inmymostrecentjob,Isoldproductsinastore.MysupervisorsaidIwasagoodworkerwhohadanumberofvaluablequalities.Iamusedtodealingwithdifferenttypesofpeopleindifferentsettings.Ifeelthatmyqualificationswouldmakemeagoodcandidateforyourjobopening.

Task3

1.Pleaserearrangethewordsinthefollowinggroupsaccordingtotheirconnotations,fromthenegative,theneutral,tothepositive.

1.dull/drab/quiet/boring/colorless/serene

2.slender/slim/skinny/thin/slight/anorexic

3.famous/notorious/wellknown/infamous

4.wealthy/opulent/rich/affluent/privileged

5.teacher/instructor/educator/professor/lecturer

1.drab/boring/dull/colorless/quiet/serene

2.anorexic/skinny/thin/slight（positivemeaning）/slim/slender（usedinwrittenlanguage）

3.infamous（aformaluse）/notorious/wellknown/famous

4.rich/wealthy/affluent/opulent（aformaluse）/privileged

5.instructor（low-ranking）/teacher/lecturer（teachersatuniversities）/professor（senior

teachersatuniversities）/educator（specialistsintheories）

Task4Rewritethefollowingpassageanddeleteunnecessarywords.（Wordsthatareunderlinedareunnecessarywords.）

PerhapsthemostinterestingpersonIhaveevermetisaninterestingItalianprofessorofphilosophywhoteachescoursesattheUniversityofPisainItaly.AlthoughIlastmetthismaneightyearsago,Ihavenotforgottenoverthelongyearshisspecialqualities.Firstofall,Iwasimpressedfromthebeginningbyhiscompletedevotiontoteachinghisstudents.Becausehislectureswerealwayswell-preparedandinvariablyclearlydelivered,agreatmanystudentsalwaysswarmedintohisclassroom,fillingtheclassroomtocapacity.Hismanyfollowersalsoappreciatedthefactthathethoroughlybelievedinwhathetaughttostudentsandthathewasalwaysintellectuallystimulatingtohear.Furthermore,hecouldbecountedonineveryclasssessiontoexplainhisideasinanimaginativeway,introducingsuchvariousaidstostudentunderstandingasoilpaintings,phonographrecords,piecesofsculpture,andguestlectureswhowereinvitedtospeaktotheclass.Onceheevensangasonginclassbeforethestudents’eyesinordertoillustrateaphilosophicalpoint.Second,Iadmiredthefactthathewouldconferwithstudentsatalmostanytimeoutsideoftheclassroomortalkwiththemonthetelephone.Drinkingcoffeeinthesnackbarafterhavingtaughtaclass,hewouldeasilymakefriendswithstudentswithgreatease.Sometimeshewouldissueachallengetoastudenttojoinwithhiminagameofchess.Atothertimes,hewouldquitereadilyjoingroupsofstudentstodiscusssubjectsrangingbroadlyfromastronomytoscubadiving.Manyyoungpeoplevisitedhimatonetimeoranotherinhisofficeforacademicadvice;otherscametohishomeforthepurposeofsocialevenings.Finally,Iwasfavorablyimpressedandattractedbyhislivelywit.Hebelievedthatnoclasshourisasuccessunless,duringit,thestudentsandtheprofessorhaveareasontojointogethertoshareseveralchucklesandatleastoneloudlaugh.Throughhisinimitableandcaptivatingsenseofhumor,hemadelearningmuchmoreenjoyableandmuchmorelasting.Ifitistrue,asitseemstobe,thatlifemakesawisemansmileandafoolishmancry,thenmyfriendiswithoutquestiontrulyawiseman.Probablythebestexamplehecouldpossiblyhavegiventousofhiswitisthisinterestingideawithwhichheonceendedalecture:

“Itisasdangerousformantomodelhimselfuponhisinvention,themachine,asitwouldbeforGodtomodelHimselfuponHisinvention”.

Task5Rewritethefollowingbyusingstandarddictions:

1）Bobisreallyabigmouthandlikestojumpalloverothers.

Boblikestogossipandbehavesarrogantly.

2）Thefanswentnutswhentheirteamfinallywonthegame.