土木工程专业外文文献及翻译.docx

土木工程专业外文文献及翻译.docx

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土木工程专业外文文献及翻译

（

二〇一二年六月

英文原文：

Buｉldingcｏnstrucｔionconcrｅtecｒａｃk　of

prｅventｉonaｎｄ　prｏcessiｎｇ

Abstｒacｔ

Thｅcrackproblｅmoｆcｏnｃreｔe　ｉｓ　a　wiｄespreadｅxｉstｅncebutａgａindiffiｃultinsolve　ofengｉneerｉｎgａctualpｒｏblem,this　ｔextcａｒrｉedｏna　stｕdyanaｌysistoａ　ｌittlebｉt　ｆaｍilｉar　crackprｏblem　inthｅconｃrete　engｉneerｉng,aｎdaimａｔ　cｏncretetｈeｃircumstance　ｐut　fｏrwａrdｓomepｒevenｔｉoｎ,ｐｒocｅssiｎｇｍeaｓｕre.

Keywoｒd:

Conｃretecraｃｋpreventｉｏnpｒｏcessing

Foreｗｏrd

Cｏncrete'sisiｎg　1ｋindｉs　anticipate　by　ｔｈeｆreｅｓtone　ｂone，cemｅnt,　waｔeｒanｄ　othｅr　ｍixtureｂｕt　formatioｎ　ofthe　in　adｄition　ｍaｔeｒialofqｕalｉtyｂritｔlenｅssnot　andalｌｍatｅｒial.Ｂecａusetｈｅ　conｃretｅconsｔructiｏntrａｎsfｏｒm　ｗith　onｅsｅlf,cｏｎtroｌｅtc.aseriesprｏblem,harden　modelof　inｔhｅconｃrete　eｘiｓtｅnｃｅ　nuｍeroustｉｎｙｈolｅ,　spiritcaveａｎdｔinycrack,iｓexaｃtly　becａuｓethesebeginningstarｔblｅmishoｆexiｓteｎcｅjuｓｔ　maketｈｅ　concretｅ　ｐｒesentonesｏmenｏtanｄａlltｈeｃhaｒaｃteristｉc　ｏfqｕａｌity.Thｅtｉｎｙｃracｋ　ｉｓakinｄ　ｏf　haｒmｌesscrackaｎdaccｅpｔ　ｃｏｎcrete　heavy,　ｄefendＳhenand　ａ　littleｂiｔ　otherusｅ　ｆuｎｃｔｉｏｎnot　acreａｔiｏnｔoenｄanｇer.Butａｆteｒthe　concｒeｔebesubｊectedｔolotｕsｃarry,ｄiffereｎceintemperatuｒｅ　etc.fｕnｃtiｏn,　tinycrackwouldｃontinuouslyofｅｘpanｄ　wｉthｃonnect,　ｅｎdformａtioｎwe　cansee　withｏutｔhe　aｉｄofinstrｕmｅntｓofmacroｖｉewthecrａckbe　alｓothｅｃraｃｋｔhattheｃoncrete　ｏften　sayiｎtheｅｎgiｎeeｒｉng.

Conｃrete　buｉldingaｎdGoｕpiecｅ　ｕｓualｌｙalltakesewer　tomakeof，ｂecauseofcrａcｋ　ofexisｔeｎcｅ　ａnddeｖeｌopmentusｕallｙmake　ｉnnｅrｐarｔofｒeinfｏrcinｇbａreｔc.mateｒiaｌ　crｅaｔiondecay,loｗｅr　reinfｏrｃedconcｒetemaｔｅｒialofloａdingabｉlity,duｒaｂｌｅaｎdaｎti-Ｓｈenａｂilitｙ，influence　buｉldingof　ｅxtｅrnalａppearａｎce,serｖiｃeｌｉfe,severｉtｙwiｌlthreａtarrive　peoｐｌe's　lifeａnd　properｔysafｅty．A　lｏｔ　of　allｏfcrashofｅｎgineｅrｉnｇsｉsbecauｓｅoftheunsteady　deｖelopｍｅntｏfｔhｅcｒａckｗｉthtｈereｓuｌtthat．Moｄernage　sｃｉenｃerｅsｅarchwithａ　great　ｄealｏfoftｈe　concreteｅnｇiｎｅｅriｎｇpraｃticeｃertifiｃaｔｅ,ｉn　ｔhe　concrｅteｅngineｅrｉngcrackproｂlemisiｎeluctable，alsoａcｃｅpｔabｌe　incertainｌy　ofthｅｓcｏpeｊust　needtｏadoptvａｌidof　mｅasuｒｅ　wｉｌｌ　ｉtenｄangerｄegrｅｅ　cｏntｒol　atcertainofｓcoｐｅinsiｄｅ．Theｒeｉｎｆorced　coｎcrｅtenormisaｌsoｅxplicitproｖｉsioｎ:

Somｅ　strｕｃtureａtpｌaceofdｉsｓｉmiｌarityundｅｒ　theｃonｄitionａｌｌow　existencｅcｅｒtaｉｎｔhｅ　cｒackof　widｔh．Butａｔuｎder　conｓtructｉonshouｌdas　faraｓposｓibｌe　ａdoptavalidmeａsuｒeｃｏｎtｒolcrack　creａtion,make　ｔhesｔｒuｃtｕre　don'ｔ　aｐpear　cｒack　poｓsibly　oｒasfaｒａｓpossｉbleｄecreasｅcrａckｏfamounｔ　aｎｄwiｄth,pａrticularｌｙwaｎtｔo　asfaraｓ　possible　avｏｉdharmｆulcrａｃｋ　of　ｅmeｒｇｅnｃｅ,ｉnsureengineeｒinｇ　ｑuａliｔytｈｕｓ．

Ｃｏncreteｃrａckcreａｔionof　ｔheｒeａsonbｅaloｔ　ofａndｈaveaｌrｅａdytrａnsfｏrmedtocausｅoｆcraｃk:

Ｓuchastemｐeratｕre　vaｒietｙ，coｎstｒiｎgeｎcy,inflatiｏｎ,theａsｙmmeｔry　sinktｏｓiｎｋｅtc.reasｏncaｕseoｆ　ｃrａcｋ;Havｅ　ouｔsidecａrｒythecraｃktｈａt　theｆunctionｃａusｅ；Proｔecｔedenｖｉronｍeｎtｎotapprｏpriatｅ　ｔhｅ　ｃracｋ　etｃ.causｅdwith　chemicalｅffect．Wantｄｉffｅrentｉaｔｉon　totreat　inthｅaｃtualengｉnｅｅrｉng,wｏｒk°ｏutaｐrｏblｅm　aｃcordingtoｔheactuａl　cirｃuｍstanｃe.

Ｉn　thecｏnｃrete　enｇineeringtｈｅ　familiarcrack　andthepreveｎtion

1.SｔemSｕoｃｒacｋａndｐｒevention

Stemｔhe　Suocrack　mｕｃh　appｅarａftｅrtheｃoｎｃｒete　pｒotectbeoｖｅrofaperioｄ　oｆtimeorconcretesｐrｉｎｋlｅｔobuiｌdtｏcｏmpleteｂehindoｆaｒｏund　aweek.Intｈecemeｎｔsyruｐ　hｕmiditｙofevaporａtｅｗｏulｄｃｒeatioｎ　ｓtｅmＳuo,aｎdｔhｉsｋindｏf　ｃoｎstringenｃy　iscaｎ＇tｎegａtｉve.StemＳuocrａckoｆthecｒeａｔion　be　mａiniｓbecauseｏｆｃoncｒete　inｓideoｕtsidehumidiｔｙ　evａｐoｒateｄegree　ｄiｓｓimｉｌaritｙｂｕtcａuｓeｔotraｎsｆormdissiｍｉlarityofｒeｓult:

Thｅｃoncrｅｔｅissｕbjectedtｏ　exｔeｒiorcoｎdｉtｉoｎ　oｆinfluenｃe,　ｓurfacehｕｍidityｌosｓｌeaｄquｉｃk,ｔraｎsform　bｉgｇer，ｉｎnerｐａrtdegｒｅeoｆhumｉdｉtｙｖarｉetyｓmallertransformsmaller,　bｉgｇer　surfaｃeｓtem　theＳｕo　tｒansformtoｂｅsubjeｃted　ｔoconcreｔeｉnnerpartcoｎtrol,creation　more　bigpｕllshoulｄdinｔｂｕｔｃreaｔiｏn　crack.Ｔｈe　ｒelａtivehｕmiｄityismｏrelow，cｅｍｅnt　ｓyruｐbodystemSuomorｅbｉg，　sｔemthe　Sｕocrackbeｍｏre　eａsyｃreation.StemtheSuo　crackisｍuｃｈ　surfaｃeparaｌｌｅlliｎes　ｆｏｒmｏｒｔｈe　nｅt　ｓｈallowthin　crａck,widthmanybｅtweｅn0.0５-0.2mm,　thｅｆlat　surfacepaｒt　ｍｕcｈ　seｅinthe　bｉｇ　phyｓiｃaｌ　ｖolumeconｃreteandfollowｉｔｍoｒeｉｎ　ｔhｉnｎerbｅａm　ｐlankｓhorttｏｄistｒibute.StｅｍＳuo　ｃrackusuaｌly　thｅ　ａnti－Ｓheｎofinfｌuencｅcｏncｒete,cauｓeｔｈe　ｄurａbleoftｈe　rusteclｉpseiｎflueｎcｅｃｏncreteoｆreinforｃｉng　bａr,ｕｎdertｈeｆunctiｏnｏfthewaｔeｒ　preｓsuredintwoulｄcreａtionthewaterｐoweｒsplit　cｒackｉnfｌuencｅcｏncretｅｏflｏaｄｉｎgdiｎtetc．.Conｃretesｔeｍthe　Sｕobeｍainwｉtｈ　ｗateｒ　ａｓhofｔｈecoｎcreｔeratio,ｔhe　doｓage　ofthe　ｃompoｓitｉon，　ｃｅmentoｆcement,gathertｏanticiｐaｔｅoｆｔhｅdｏsaｇeofthｅｐroｐertｙaｎｄｄｏsage,ｉｎ　addiｔionetc.ｒｅlevaｎt.

Maｉnpreventionmeａsuｒe：

Whilｅｂeinｇtｏ　choｏｓetouseｔheｃｏnstringenｃyｑｕaｎtity　ｓmallercement，gｅneｒaｌloｗｈｏtwａｔerｍirｅ　andpoｗderaｓhfromstovecemenｔ　ｉnthe　aｄｏｐtｉoｎ，ｌower　thｅdoｓaｇeｏfｃｅmeｎt.Ｔｗｏisaconcretｅｏf　ｓtem　ｔhｅ　Suobesubｊｅcteｄtowater　ash　ratioｏfｉnfluence　mｏreｂig,　wateｒ　ashrａｔio　moreｂig，steｍSuomｏreｂig，　ｓoiｎthe　ｃoncrete　maｔchtheratiｏtheｄｅｓｉgn　shouldａsfａr　aｓpｏssiblecｏntrol　goodwaterａｓｈ　rａtｉo　ｏｆchoｏsetouse，theＣｈａnaddｉn　ｔhemeaｎtime　acｃommodaｔion　ofｒeｄucｅwateｒ.Thrｅeiｓstrictcｏnｔrolconcrete　mixbｌeｎdwｉｔhuｎdｅrconstructiｏn　ｏfmatchｒatio,usｅof　concreteｗaterquａntityabsoｌutecan＇ｔ　ｂiｇin　ｍatchrａtiｏdｅsigｎgivｅｓｅtｔleofuse　water　ｑｕａntitｙ．Fｏｕｒｉsｔｈe　earlｉer　ｐerｉｏdｗｈichstreｎｇthｅnｃoncrete　toprｏtecｔ,aｎｄappｒopｒiateextensioｎ　ｐrｏｔectof　concrｅteｔime.Ｗｉntercｏｎstruｃtionｗantｔｏ　beaｐpropｒiateexｔeｎsiｏｎ　coｎcretｅ　ｈeａtpreservatｉon　toovｅrlay　tｉme,ａnd　Tｕ2Shuaｐrotｅcttoproｔect.Five　isaconsｔｉtuｔiｏntheａｃcｏmmodａtion　iｓｉnthｅcoｎcｒeteｓtrｕcｔuｒe　oｆthe　constringenｃy　sｅw.

2．TheSucｏnｓｔrｉｎgencyｃrackａndprevenｔion

Ｓuconstｒingencyisthecoｎｃｒetｅｉsｂefｏreconｄense,sｕrfａcｅｂecａuseofloｓewaterｑuiｃkeｒbutｃreａｔｉｏnｏfconstｒiｎgency．The　Ｓｕ　constrinｇencycｒackisgenerａlat　ｄry　heatorstｒoｎgｗindｔhｅｗeaｔherappｅar,cｒack'sｍｕch　preseｎｔingintheｃeｎteｒｂrｅａdth，　ｂotｈｅndsｂeinｔhecenteｒthiｎandtｈeleｎgｔhｂe　diffｅrenｔ,wiｔhｅａｃhotｈernotcohｅrentappearａncｅ.Shorｔerｃrackgeneｒallｏnｇ20-3０cｍ,tｈeloｎｇｅｒｃraｃｋｃanreacｈtｏa2-3m,bｒeaｄｔh1-５mｍ.Ｉt　creatiｏnｏｆmainreasonis：

Tｈe　concｒｅteiｓ　ｅｖentualｌy　alｍosthaｖｉｎgno　ｓtｒeｎgtｈ　ｏｒstrｅngthbefｏrｅ　tｈeＮｉnｇvery　small,perhaｐsconcreｔeｊust　ｅｖentuallyNingｂuｔsｔｒenｇtｈ　veryhoｕｒ,　ｂesubｊeｃtedtoｈeａt　orcompareｓtrｏｎgwind　ｄiｎtoｆ　inｆluｅnce,tｈecｏｎcrｅｔeｓuｒｆacｅlosewａterto　leadquick,result　ｉninthecapilｌarycreatioｎｂiggerneｇativepressbutmakeaｃoncreｔe　phｙｓicａlｖoｌumesharｐｌyconsｔringｅnｃy,　buｔａtthistimethe　ｓtｒengthof　ｃｏnｃrｅtｅagaｉｎcａｎ＇treｓistitsｃonstrｉｎgenｃy,tｈerefｏrｅ　cｒｅatｉon　ｃraｃked．Tｈe　infｌueｎceｃoncrete　Ｓuｃonstrｉngencyopeｎ　thｅｍａinfactorofｃｒacｋtohavewaｔeｒ　ashratｉｏ,concrｅte　ofｃondｅnseｔime,eｎvｉronmenttemｐeratｕｒe,windvelｏciｔy，ｒｅlaｔiｖehumidiｔy．..ｅtｃ．.

Ｍaiｎ　prevｅntion　measure:

Oneiｓchoｏｓe　to　useｓtemthe　Suo　vａｌuesmallｅrhiｇherＨuosoｕｒ　saｌtｏｆtheｅaｒliｅｒ　perioｄ　streｎｇｔｈｏrcommontheHuo　sourｂrineｍｉrｅ.Tｗｏis　stｒicｔthecoｎｔｒolwateｒash　rａtio,　theChａｎａｄd　toefficieｎtｌyreducewatertｏ　ｉnｃrｅmenttｈe　colｌapｓｅｏｆcｏncｒeｔe　falla　degreeand　wｉtｈeasy,decreasｅceｍenｔａndwaｔeroｆdoｓagｅ.Three　istｏsｐｒinklebefｏre　bｕildingcｏｎcretｅ,waterｂasiclｅvelanｄtemplateｅventosoaｋthroｕgh．Ｆｏｕrｉsin　tiｍetｏoｖeｒlaytｈeperhaｐsｄaｍｐgｒass　mat　ofｔhｅ　plasｔiｃstｈinfｉlm，hempslicｅｅtc.,keepｃonｃreｔeｅｖentualｌyｂeforｅ　the　Niｎgｓurｆａcｅｉｓ　mｏｉst，ｐｅrｈａpｓ　sprayｔｏproｔectetc.tｏ　ｃarryｏｎpｒotectin　thｅconcrete　ｓurfacｅ.Fiｖe　iｓｉn　tｈeｈeaｔ　ａndsｔｒongwｉndtheweathｅrtoｗanｔ　tｏ　esｔaｂｌisｈｔoｈideｓunandblocｋ　breezｅ　facilitｉes,protｅct　ｉｎtiｍe.

３．Sinｋtｏsｉnkcrack　aｎdpｒevｅntion

Thｅｃｒeatioｎwｈichsｉnk　tosinｋcrack　is　because　ｏｆ　thestructｕrefｏｕｎdationsｏilqｕalitｙnｏtand　evenly,ｌoｏsｅ　soｆtoｒreturntｏ　fiｌlsoildishｏnestｏrsｏak　ｉnwatｅrbutreｓulｔ　ｉｎthe　asｙmmetrｙ　sinktoｄecline　withｔhereｓultｔhａt；Perhaｐsbｅcaｕse　ofｔｅmplatｅｊusｔ　dｅgreeshortａge，thｅtemplatepropｐeduｐtoonce　bｅaparｔfromｂｉgｏrpropupbottomlｏoｓemoveeｔc.ｔo　cauｓe，ｅspeciallyatｗinter,ｔhetｅmpｌａte　ｐroｐｕpａtjｅlly　soiｌｕp，jｅllｙthｅsoiltuｒnｊellyempresscreatｉｏn　asymmetrytosinｋto　ｄecliｎｅaｎd　cauｓｅ　conｃretestrucｔurｅcreaｔioncracｋ.Thiskｉndcｒaｃkmanｙisdeｅpｅnter　ｏrpieｒcethｒough　sexｃｒａcｋ,ｉｔ　alｉgnment　have　somｅthiｎg　toｄｏwiｔｈ　sinkingtoｓinｋ　aciｒcｕmstaｎce,　generalfｏｌloｗwitｈgrｏundpeｒpｅnｄicularorpresent30°ｓ-４5°　Cａpｅｄirectiondevｅlopmeｎt,ｂiｇｇer　sinｋto　sinｋcrａck,ｕsｕallyhavecｅrtaiｎofwｒong,ｃrａｃkwiｄthｕsuaｌlywith　sink　todeclｉnｅｑuantitｙｄirｅctpropｏrtiｏn　relａｔｉon.Craｃｋwiｄthuｎｄｅrtｈeiｎｆｌｕｅnceｏfteｍperaｔure　vａrietｙ　sｍallｅr．Thｅfoundaｔiｏnａfｔertraｎｓformｓtabiliｔy　siｎkｔosinkcｒａｃkalsｏbasｉc　ｔenｄ　in　ｓtaｂility.

Ｍａinｐreventｉonmeasure:

Oneis　rightneｓｓloose　sｏftｓoil,rｅturnto　fiｌｌsｏilｆｏｕndaｔioｎacｏnstrucｔionattｈｅupperpaｒtstructure　frｏｎtｓhouldcarry　onｎecessiｔyofHangsoｌiｄｗitｈreｉnforce．Ｔwoiｓthesｔrengｔｈ　thaｔ　asｓｕranｃｅtemplaｔｅｉsenougｈandjustdegree,　ａndｐropupfｉｒm,andmａke　thefounｄａtion　ｂｅｓubjｅｃｔeｄ　todiｎteven．Thｒｅｅiskｅep　coｎcｒetｅ　frｏmspriｎkleiｎfusiｎｇtheｆouｎdａtioninｔhｅproｃｅｓsｉs　soakｂywater．Ｆouｒis　ｔiｍe　ｔhａttｅｍpｌatetorｅ　doｗnto　cａｎ'tｂe　tｏｏearlｙ，andwanttoｎoticetｏdismanｔle　amoldorderoｆｓequenｃe.Ｆivｅ　iｓ　atｊｅllyｓｏｉltoptakｅ　toeｓtabｌiｓhteｍpｌaｔe　tonotｉceｔoadoｐｔcerｔainof　ｐreventiｏｎ　measｕｒｅ.

4.Tempｅrａｔuｒecraｃｋanｄ　preｖｅntiｏn

Ｔeｍperatureｃrack　ｍuchtheoccurｒｅｎｃｅ　ｉｓin　bigｓurfaceｏrdifｆerenceｉntｅmperａtｕrｅｖaｒiety　ofｔhephysicalvoluｍｅ　concrｅtｅcomｐare　theｅartｈarｅaｏfthｅcｏncreｔｅｓtructｕre．Concreteaftersprinkling　toｂuiｌd，ｉnthehaｒｄｅnｉｎgtheprocess,　ｃemｅntｗater　tｕrnacreation　ａ　greatdｅalofofwateｒtｕrnhot,．（bｅｔｈecemeｎtdosａｇｅ　iｓinth