经济适用房.docx

经济适用房.docx

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经济适用房

China Low-Cost Housing Policy 1

（2009-12-2102:

43:

34）

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urban

经济适用房

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                        ChinaLow-CostHousingpolicy

Abstract

  Housingisabigissueforeveryfamily.WiththegrowthofChinapopulationandthecontinuousprogressofChinaurbanization,thelowincomefamilies’housingproblembecomeparticularprominent.Theestablishmentofthehousingsecuritysystemandthenewpatternofpatternofpublichousingsupplyforthelow-incomefamiliesaretheeffectivemeasurestosolvetheirhousingproblem.

AsoneofthemaincontentofthehousingsecuritysystemofChina,Low-CosthousingsystemtakesonthedoubleobjectivesofreforminganddevelopingthehousingmarketinChina.Italsohasplayedaimportantroletopromotemecommercializationandsocializationofthehousingmarket,andresolvedthehousingproblemsofthelow-incomefamilies．However,alongwiththedeepeningofthehousingreform，theproblemsintheimplementationofLow-Costhousingsystemhaveemergedgradually，suchashighprices,buyersoutofcontrol，constructionstandardexceedingsetstandardandsoon，whichhavecausedwidespreadconcernedinsociety.Therefore，itismeaningfultoimproveLow-Costhousingsystem.

      Thethesisisdividedinto7sections.Section1isbrieflyintroducingtheChinahousingproblem.Thesection2istheintroductiontoLow-Costhousingpolicy.TheSection3istheargumentforLow-Costhousingpolicy.Section4istestinghousingpolicyimpactbyeconometricsmethod.Section5isdiscussionaboutLow-Costhousingpolicyproblems.TheSection6isthecomparisonofChinaLow-CosthousingpolicyandtheUSaffordablehousingpolicy.TheSection7issuggestiontoLow-CosthousingpolicyfromtheU.Saffordablehousingpolicy.

1.Chinahousingproblem

    Housingishuman’sbasicdemand,thepeoplecannotlivewithouthousing.WiththegrowthofChinesepopulationandurbanization,Chinaisfacingabighousingproblem.Butinrecently10years,theChina’shousingpricegrewinanunbelievablespeed.Afterthegovernmentstoppedthewelfarehousingdistributionpolicy,thepeopleneededtobuyhousesinmarket.Butfacinghighandnever-decreasinghousingprice,mostofpeoplecannotaffordthehousing.

Forinstance,inBeijing,theaveragepriceofhousesisapproximately10,000yuanpermetersquares.Inbluecollarfamilies,eachincomeislessthan3,000yuanpermonth.Iftheywanttobuy100metersquarehouse,thecouple’s20*2yearssalarycanaffordahouse.Someonehascalculatedthat,ifincludedtheinterestinbank,thiscoupleneedtousetheir27yearssalariestobuyahouse.Obviously,itisimpossibleforthemtobuyahouse.

    Thegovernmenthasobligationtoofferlow-pricehousestoLow-Incomefamiliesandintervenethehousingpriceinthemarket.Whenwetalkaboutthegovernmenthousingpolicy,amongallofthepolicies,oneshouldbeemphasizedisLow-Costhousingpolicy.Next,IwillintroducetheLow-Costhousingpolicy.

2.IntroductiontoLow-Costhousing

2.1ThebackgroundofLow-Costhousing

Before1992,chinacarriedoutwelfarerealhousingdistributionpolicy.Thepeoplecanbuyhousinginaverylow-pricefromtheirnation-ownedenterprises.

From1992to1997,China'sfurtherreformofthehousingdistributionsystem,thenationdecidestostopwelfarerealhousingdistributionsystem,butcarriedoutthecurrencysubsidies.Underthecatch-upthelastgroupofwelfarehousing,thenationalrealestatemarketwasoverbooming,thetotalinvestmentisseriouslyoutofcontrol,housingpricesincreasequickly,whichrosemuchfasterthanthesameperiodincomegrowth.

    After1997,withtheGroup'swithdrawalandtheterminationofwelfarehousing,coupledwiththeAsianfinancialcrisis,therealestatemarketpurchasingpowerbecameobviouslyinsufficient,highpricesandhighvacancyco-exist.Asthemarketpriceofcommercialhousingismuchbeyondtheconsumers’consumptioncapacity.thecomprehensiveimplementationofcurrencysubsidieshousingdistributionconditionsarenotmet,buttakingsometransitionalpoliciesandmeasurestoenablemarkethousingtoadapttothegeneralpurchasingpower,thus,achievingabreakthroughinhousingreformandacceleratethepaceofhousingreformforward.

2.2ThedefinitionofLow-Costhousing

2.2.1.AnLow-Costhousingorientationandcharacteristics

Generallyspeaking,Low-Costhousingisakindoflow-profithousing.Accuratetosay,Low-Costhousingissupportedbythegovernment,anditspriceiscontrolledbygovernment.Theprofitofhousingcannotbeover3%.Itisbuiltforlow-incomefamilies.IconcludedfourcharacteristicsforLow-Costhousing:

i.specifictarget

TheobjectofLow-Costhousingisforlow-incomefamiliesincities,notincludinghigh,mediumhigh,andlowestincomefamilies.ThepeoplewhowanttobuyLow-Costhousing,theirlivingandincomeconditionmustbecheckedbygovernment,whichmakessuretheyarenotrichpeople.

ii.Governmentsupport.

ThegovernmentsupportstheconstructionofLow-Costhousing.Thegovernmentofferexemptionoflandfeeandothertaxes.Besides,thegovernmentsupportshousepersonalloansforlow-incomefamilies.

iii.PriceControl

Low-Costhousingasalow-profithousing,theirpriceisnotdecidedbythedevelopersaccordingtothemarketcondition,thepricemustbesubjecttotheapprovals ofgovernmentadministration.Thehousingmustbesoldinalowprice.Itisforbiddentoaddprice,whichensuresthatthelow-incomefamiliescangetthebenefitsfromtheLow-Costhousing.

iv.MarketOperation

TheconsumersgettheLow-Costhousingfromthereal-estatedeveloper,butnotfromthegovernment,thegovernmentisnotresponsibleforsellthehouses.Sothefamilieshaverighttochoosetheirhouse.Therefore,thescaleofLow-Costhousingdependsonthesizeofplacementvolume.Thegovernmentarrangesitandthedeveloperimplementsit.Thepricemustbeaffordableforlow-incomefamilies.

2.2.2ThedifferencebetweenLow-Costhousingandcommercialhousing

ThedifferencebetweenLow-Costhousingandcommercialhousingmainlyreflectedinhousingprices,salesofobjects,ownershipandlegalguaranteesysteminseveralareas.

（1）Price

TheLow-Costhousingisanhalfwelfarehousing.Thegovernmentreducedtheunnecessarycostsandexpenses.thedevelopergotthelandfromgovernmentinalowprice.Andthegovernmentlimitedtheprofitfordeveloper.SothepriceofLow-Costhousingismuchcheaperthanthesimilarscalecommercialhousing.

（2）Object

TheLowcosthousingistargetedatlow-incomefamilies.NoteveryonecanbuyLow-Costhouses.Sotheselectionofhousingisrelativelysmall,whichleadsthatitcouldn’tfullymeetpeopledifferentneeds.However,thecommercialhousingistargetedatalargerangeofconsumers.Theyarenotsubjecttospecificcondition,sotheirconstructionstandardshavemoreselectionandcansatisfyvariousconsumers.

（3）ownership

a.Restrictionsontransaction

Low-CostHousingissubjecttorestrictionsonrealestatetransactions.BecausethelandsofLow-Costhousingaregottenfromgovernmentinaverylowprice.sothehousingpriceisunderthemarketprice.ifpeoplewantedtoselltheirhousetoothers,theyneedpaylandrevenuewhichequalsthedifferencebetweenpriceandhousingvaluetogovernment.Soitisverycomplextotransferhousing.

b.Restrictionsonrentalproperty.

DuetothesourceofLow-Costhousinglandisfromgovernmentinalowprice.SothepeoplewhowanttorenttheirLow-Costhousingtoothersshouldpaylandrevenuefeetogovernment.Butthecommercialhousingownersdon’tneedto.

c.Restrictionsonrealestatemortgage.

DuetothesourceofLow-Costhousinglandisfromgovernmentinalowprice.soitcannothandlemortgageregistration.

窗体顶端

Chinatakesbigstepsinaffordablehousing

LastUpdated（BeijingTime）:

2011-01-1708:

13

Chinaispinninghopesonitsaffordablehousingprogramstocoolitsred-hotpropertymarketinthelatestroundofcampaignsagainstrisingassetbubbles,afterthegovernmentmovedtocrackdownonmarketspeculationduringthepastyear.

Expertsheldthattoincreasesuppliesofaffordablehousingisthekeysolutiontoguidethemarkettowardhealthydevelopmentandhelpstabilizeprices.

DuringatalkshowhostedbyChinaNationalRadioonDec.26,ChinesePremierWenJiabaosaidthegovernmentwillpressforwardhousingpricecontrolandincreasethesupplyofaffordablehousesforlow-incomeearners.

Hiswordscameafterthegovernmenthadannouncedaplantobuild10millionmorelow-incomehousingunitsthisyear.

Chinaisworkingonamorehealthysystemthatprovideshousingthatmeetsdifferentdemands,afteranarrayofpolicies,includingtightercreditforcommercialhousing,failedtoproducesatisfactoryresultsin2010.

In70majorChinesecities,homepricesrose0.3percentmonthonmonthand7.7percentyearonyearinNovemberlastyear,whichwasthethirdconsecutivemonthpricesrose.

Chinastartedtheconstructionofsome5.9millionunitsofaffordablehomesin2010,ofwhich3.7millionwerecompleted,officialfiguresshowed.

QinHong,aresearcherwiththeMinistryofHousingandUrban-ruralDevelopment,saidthenumberofaffordablehomesisstill"farfromenough",especiallyasmorelow-renthomesareneededforChina's"sandwichclass"familieswhoeitheraredisqualifiedforlow-costhousingorcannotaffordthesky-highpricesofcommercialhousing.

"Byattachingmoreimportancetoaffordablehomesandlow-renthousing,itseemsthatthegovernmentisleadingthemarketintherightdirection,"saidZhangHanya,headoftheInvestmentAssociationofChina.

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