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经济适用房
China Low-Cost Housing Policy 1
(2009-12-2102:
43:
34)
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经济适用房
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论文
ChinaLow-CostHousingpolicy
Abstract
Housingisabigissueforeveryfamily.WiththegrowthofChinapopulationandthecontinuousprogressofChinaurbanization,thelowincomefamilies’housingproblembecomeparticularprominent.Theestablishmentofthehousingsecuritysystemandthenewpatternofpatternofpublichousingsupplyforthelow-incomefamiliesaretheeffectivemeasurestosolvetheirhousingproblem.
AsoneofthemaincontentofthehousingsecuritysystemofChina,Low-CosthousingsystemtakesonthedoubleobjectivesofreforminganddevelopingthehousingmarketinChina.Italsohasplayedaimportantroletopromotemecommercializationandsocializationofthehousingmarket,andresolvedthehousingproblemsofthelow-incomefamilies.However,alongwiththedeepeningofthehousingreform,theproblemsintheimplementationofLow-Costhousingsystemhaveemergedgradually,suchashighprices,buyersoutofcontrol,constructionstandardexceedingsetstandardandsoon,whichhavecausedwidespreadconcernedinsociety.Therefore,itismeaningfultoimproveLow-Costhousingsystem.
Thethesisisdividedinto7sections.Section1isbrieflyintroducingtheChinahousingproblem.Thesection2istheintroductiontoLow-Costhousingpolicy.TheSection3istheargumentforLow-Costhousingpolicy.Section4istestinghousingpolicyimpactbyeconometricsmethod.Section5isdiscussionaboutLow-Costhousingpolicyproblems.TheSection6isthecomparisonofChinaLow-CosthousingpolicyandtheUSaffordablehousingpolicy.TheSection7issuggestiontoLow-CosthousingpolicyfromtheU.Saffordablehousingpolicy.
1.Chinahousingproblem
Housingishuman’sbasicdemand,thepeoplecannotlivewithouthousing.WiththegrowthofChinesepopulationandurbanization,Chinaisfacingabighousingproblem.Butinrecently10years,theChina’shousingpricegrewinanunbelievablespeed.Afterthegovernmentstoppedthewelfarehousingdistributionpolicy,thepeopleneededtobuyhousesinmarket.Butfacinghighandnever-decreasinghousingprice,mostofpeoplecannotaffordthehousing.
Forinstance,inBeijing,theaveragepriceofhousesisapproximately10,000yuanpermetersquares.Inbluecollarfamilies,eachincomeislessthan3,000yuanpermonth.Iftheywanttobuy100metersquarehouse,thecouple’s20*2yearssalarycanaffordahouse.Someonehascalculatedthat,ifincludedtheinterestinbank,thiscoupleneedtousetheir27yearssalariestobuyahouse.Obviously,itisimpossibleforthemtobuyahouse.
Thegovernmenthasobligationtoofferlow-pricehousestoLow-Incomefamiliesandintervenethehousingpriceinthemarket.Whenwetalkaboutthegovernmenthousingpolicy,amongallofthepolicies,oneshouldbeemphasizedisLow-Costhousingpolicy.Next,IwillintroducetheLow-Costhousingpolicy.
2.IntroductiontoLow-Costhousing
2.1ThebackgroundofLow-Costhousing
Before1992,chinacarriedoutwelfarerealhousingdistributionpolicy.Thepeoplecanbuyhousinginaverylow-pricefromtheirnation-ownedenterprises.
From1992to1997,China'sfurtherreformofthehousingdistributionsystem,thenationdecidestostopwelfarerealhousingdistributionsystem,butcarriedoutthecurrencysubsidies.Underthecatch-upthelastgroupofwelfarehousing,thenationalrealestatemarketwasoverbooming,thetotalinvestmentisseriouslyoutofcontrol,housingpricesincreasequickly,whichrosemuchfasterthanthesameperiodincomegrowth.
After1997,withtheGroup'swithdrawalandtheterminationofwelfarehousing,coupledwiththeAsianfinancialcrisis,therealestatemarketpurchasingpowerbecameobviouslyinsufficient,highpricesandhighvacancyco-exist.Asthemarketpriceofcommercialhousingismuchbeyondtheconsumers’consumptioncapacity.thecomprehensiveimplementationofcurrencysubsidieshousingdistributionconditionsarenotmet,buttakingsometransitionalpoliciesandmeasurestoenablemarkethousingtoadapttothegeneralpurchasingpower,thus,achievingabreakthroughinhousingreformandacceleratethepaceofhousingreformforward.
2.2ThedefinitionofLow-Costhousing
2.2.1.AnLow-Costhousingorientationandcharacteristics
Generallyspeaking,Low-Costhousingisakindoflow-profithousing.Accuratetosay,Low-Costhousingissupportedbythegovernment,anditspriceiscontrolledbygovernment.Theprofitofhousingcannotbeover3%.Itisbuiltforlow-incomefamilies.IconcludedfourcharacteristicsforLow-Costhousing:
i.specifictarget
TheobjectofLow-Costhousingisforlow-incomefamiliesincities,notincludinghigh,mediumhigh,andlowestincomefamilies.ThepeoplewhowanttobuyLow-Costhousing,theirlivingandincomeconditionmustbecheckedbygovernment,whichmakessuretheyarenotrichpeople.
ii.Governmentsupport.
ThegovernmentsupportstheconstructionofLow-Costhousing.Thegovernmentofferexemptionoflandfeeandothertaxes.Besides,thegovernmentsupportshousepersonalloansforlow-incomefamilies.
iii.PriceControl
Low-Costhousingasalow-profithousing,theirpriceisnotdecidedbythedevelopersaccordingtothemarketcondition,thepricemustbesubjecttotheapprovals ofgovernmentadministration.Thehousingmustbesoldinalowprice.Itisforbiddentoaddprice,whichensuresthatthelow-incomefamiliescangetthebenefitsfromtheLow-Costhousing.
iv.MarketOperation
TheconsumersgettheLow-Costhousingfromthereal-estatedeveloper,butnotfromthegovernment,thegovernmentisnotresponsibleforsellthehouses.Sothefamilieshaverighttochoosetheirhouse.Therefore,thescaleofLow-Costhousingdependsonthesizeofplacementvolume.Thegovernmentarrangesitandthedeveloperimplementsit.Thepricemustbeaffordableforlow-incomefamilies.
2.2.2ThedifferencebetweenLow-Costhousingandcommercialhousing
ThedifferencebetweenLow-Costhousingandcommercialhousingmainlyreflectedinhousingprices,salesofobjects,ownershipandlegalguaranteesysteminseveralareas.
(1)Price
TheLow-Costhousingisanhalfwelfarehousing.Thegovernmentreducedtheunnecessarycostsandexpenses.thedevelopergotthelandfromgovernmentinalowprice.Andthegovernmentlimitedtheprofitfordeveloper.SothepriceofLow-Costhousingismuchcheaperthanthesimilarscalecommercialhousing.
(2)Object
TheLowcosthousingistargetedatlow-incomefamilies.NoteveryonecanbuyLow-Costhouses.Sotheselectionofhousingisrelativelysmall,whichleadsthatitcouldn’tfullymeetpeopledifferentneeds.However,thecommercialhousingistargetedatalargerangeofconsumers.Theyarenotsubjecttospecificcondition,sotheirconstructionstandardshavemoreselectionandcansatisfyvariousconsumers.
(3)ownership
a.Restrictionsontransaction
Low-CostHousingissubjecttorestrictionsonrealestatetransactions.BecausethelandsofLow-Costhousingaregottenfromgovernmentinaverylowprice.sothehousingpriceisunderthemarketprice.ifpeoplewantedtoselltheirhousetoothers,theyneedpaylandrevenuewhichequalsthedifferencebetweenpriceandhousingvaluetogovernment.Soitisverycomplextotransferhousing.
b.Restrictionsonrentalproperty.
DuetothesourceofLow-Costhousinglandisfromgovernmentinalowprice.SothepeoplewhowanttorenttheirLow-Costhousingtoothersshouldpaylandrevenuefeetogovernment.Butthecommercialhousingownersdon’tneedto.
c.Restrictionsonrealestatemortgage.
DuetothesourceofLow-Costhousinglandisfromgovernmentinalowprice.soitcannothandlemortgageregistration.
窗体顶端
Chinatakesbigstepsinaffordablehousing
LastUpdated(BeijingTime):
2011-01-1708:
13
Chinaispinninghopesonitsaffordablehousingprogramstocoolitsred-hotpropertymarketinthelatestroundofcampaignsagainstrisingassetbubbles,afterthegovernmentmovedtocrackdownonmarketspeculationduringthepastyear.
Expertsheldthattoincreasesuppliesofaffordablehousingisthekeysolutiontoguidethemarkettowardhealthydevelopmentandhelpstabilizeprices.
DuringatalkshowhostedbyChinaNationalRadioonDec.26,ChinesePremierWenJiabaosaidthegovernmentwillpressforwardhousingpricecontrolandincreasethesupplyofaffordablehousesforlow-incomeearners.
Hiswordscameafterthegovernmenthadannouncedaplantobuild10millionmorelow-incomehousingunitsthisyear.
Chinaisworkingonamorehealthysystemthatprovideshousingthatmeetsdifferentdemands,afteranarrayofpolicies,includingtightercreditforcommercialhousing,failedtoproducesatisfactoryresultsin2010.
In70majorChinesecities,homepricesrose0.3percentmonthonmonthand7.7percentyearonyearinNovemberlastyear,whichwasthethirdconsecutivemonthpricesrose.
Chinastartedtheconstructionofsome5.9millionunitsofaffordablehomesin2010,ofwhich3.7millionwerecompleted,officialfiguresshowed.
QinHong,aresearcherwiththeMinistryofHousingandUrban-ruralDevelopment,saidthenumberofaffordablehomesisstill"farfromenough",especiallyasmorelow-renthomesareneededforChina's"sandwichclass"familieswhoeitheraredisqualifiedforlow-costhousingorcannotaffordthesky-highpricesofcommercialhousing.
"Byattachingmoreimportancetoaffordablehomesandlow-renthousing,itseemsthatthegovernmentisleadingthemarketintherightdirection,"saidZhangHanya,headoftheInvestmentAssociationofChina.
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