新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解Unit8.docx

新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解Unit8.docx

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新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解Unit8

新视野三版读写B2U8TextA

Animalsorchildren?

—Ascientist'schoice

1Iamtheenemy!

Iamoneofthosecursed,cruelphysicianscientistsinvolved

inanimalresearch.Theserumorssting,forIhaveneverthoughtofmyselfas

anevilperson.Ibecameachildren'sdoctorbecauseofmyloveforchildren

andmysupremedesiretokeepthemhealthy.Duringmedicalschool

andresidency,Isawmanychildrendieofcancerandbloodshedfrominjury—

circumstancesagainstwhichmedicinehasmadegreatprogressbutstilhasa

longwaytogo.Moreimportantly,Ialsosawchildrenhealthythanksto

advancesinmedicalsciencesuchasinfantbreathingsupport,powerfulnew

medicines

and

surgical

techniques

and

the

entire

field

oforgantransplantation.Mydesiretotipthescalesinfavorofhealthy,happy

childrendrewmetomedicalresearch.

*2Myaccusershavetwistedthetruthintoafableandcastmeas

thedevil.TheyclaimthatIhavenomoralcompass,thatItortureinnocent

animalsforthesolepurposeofcareeradvancement,andthatmyexperiments

havenorelevancetomedicine.Meanwhile,anuncaringpublicbarelywatches,

convinced

that

the

issue

has

no

significance,

and

publicity-conscioussenatorsandpoliticiansincreasinglygivewayto

thelobbyingofanimalrightsactivists.

3We,inmedicalresearch,havealsobeenunbelievablyuncaring.Wehave

alowedthemostextremeanimalrightsprotesterstocreepinandframethe

issueasoneof"animalfraud"andhatred.Wehavepersistedinourbeliefthat

aknowledgeablepublicwouldconsenttotheimportanceofanimalresearch

forpublichealth.Perhapswehavebeenmistakeninnotrespondingtothe

emotionaltoneoftheargument.Perhapsweshouldhaverespondedtothose

sadslogansandpostersofanimalsbywavingequalysadpostersofchildren

dyingofcancerorexternalwounds.

4Intheanimalrightsforum,muchismadeofthevolumeofpaintheseanimals

experienceinthenameofmedicalscience.Activistsdenythatwearetryingto

helpandsayitisevidenceofourevilandcruelnature.Amorereasonable

argument,however,canbeadvancedinourdefense.Lifeisoftencruelto

animalsandhumanbeings.Teenagersareflungfromtrucksandsuffersevere

headinjuries.Youngchildrenbarelyabletowalkfindthemselvesatthebottom

ofswimmingpoolswhileaparentisoccupiedwithsomethingelse.From

everydaygermstogangviolence,nolifeisfreeofpain.Physicianshopingto

relievetheeternalsufferingofthesetragedieshaveonlythreechoices:

1）

createananimalmodeloftheproblemtounderstandtheprocessandtestnew

therapies;2）experimentonhumanbeings（someexperimentswilsucceed,

mostwilfail）;or3）leavemedicalknowledgestatic,hopingthataccidental

discoverieswilleadusforward.

5Someanimalrightsactivistswouldsuggestanoptionalfourthchoice,

*******claimingthatcomputermodelscancreateanimalexperiments,

thusomittingactualexperiments.Computerscanimitatetheeffectsof

wel-understoodprinciplesoncomplexsystems,asintheapplicationofthe

lawsofphysicstoairplaneandautomobiledesign.However,whenthe

principlesthemselvesareinquestion,asisthecasewiththecomplex

biologicalsystemsofhumanlifeunderstudy,computermodelingaloneisof

littlevalue.

6Oneoftheterrifyingeffectsofarrestingtheuseofanimalsinmedical

researchisthattheimpactwilnotbefeltforyearsorevendecades.Drugsto

cureinfectionwilremainundiscovered,surgicalanddiagnostictechniqueswil

remainundeveloped,andfundamentalbiologicalprocessesthatmighthave

beenunderstoodwilremainmysteries.Thereisthedangerthatquick

decisionsbywel-meaningpoliticianswilcreateresolutiontodiplomaticaly

satisfythesmalminorityofloudprotesterswhiletheconsequencesand

damagingimpactofthosedecisionswilnotbeapparentuntillongafter.

7Fortunately,mostofusenjoygoodhealth,andtheagonyofwatchingone's

childdiehasbecomearareexperience.Yetourgoodfortuneshouldnotmake

usunappreciative.Protectionfromserioussicknessanddrugstocombatheart

*disease,highbloodpressureandstrokearealbasedonanimal

research.Mostcomplexsurgicalproceduressuchasheartorhipsurgeryand

organ

transplantation

surgeries

were

initialy

developed

in

animals.Techniquestoreplacedefectivegenes,thecauseofsomuch

disease,aswelasthedevelopmentofsyntheticorgansarepresently

undergoinganimalstudies.Thesestudies,andanysubsequentadvances,wil

effectivelyendifanimalresearchisseverelyrestricted.

8InAmericatoday,deathhasbecomeaneventisolatedfromourdaily

existence.Asadoctorwhohaswatchedmanychildrendieandseentheir

parents'infinitegrief,Iamparticularlyangeredbyanyminuteexpressionof

caringforthesufferingofcreaturesandsolittleforsickanddyinghuman

beings.Peoplearetooprotectedfromtherealityofhumanlifeanddeathand

whatitmeans.

9Makenomistake,however.Iwouldneveradvocateneedlesscrueltreatment

ofanimals.Theanimalrightsmovementhasmadeacontributioninmakingus

moreawareofanimals'needsandtheneedtosearchharderforsuitable

alternatives.Butifthemoreradicalmembersofthismovementaresuccessful

inthreateningfurtherresearch,theireffortswilbringaboutatragedythatwil

costmanylives.Hencetherealquestioniswhetheranuncaringmajoritycan

bearousedtoprotectitsfutureagainstaloud,butmisdirected,minority.

LanguagePoints：

1Animalsorchildren?

—Ascientist’schoice（Title）

Meaning:

Ascientistisnowfacingtwochoices:

infavorofanimalsorchildren.

2Iamtheenemy!

Iamoneofthosecursed,cruelphysicianscientistsinvolvedin

animalresearch.Theserumorssting,forIhaveneverthoughtofmyselfasanevil

person.（Para.1）

Meaning:

Iamtheenemy–theonewhoiscondemnedasacold-heartedphysician

scientistdoinganimalresearch.TheserumorsmakemeupsetasI'veneverconsidered

myselfasbeingevil.

Meaningbeyondwords:

Thephysician’sironictoneinthesentenceswellreflectshis

indignationandangerattheanimalrightsactivists.

3Ibecameachildren’sdoctorbecauseofmyloveforchildrenandmysupreme

desiretokeepthemhealthy.（Para.1）

Meaning:

Myloveforchildrenandstrongdesiretokeepthemhealthydrovemetobea

children’sdoctor.

Usagenote:

supreme,superior,super,superb

*supreme,superior,super,superb都是形容词，且词形相近。

它们都没有比较级，也没有

最高级，但它们的词义和用法稍有差别。

1supreme基本词义表示“〔程度〕最大的，最高的，极度的〞，一般用在名词前作定语，修

饰名词，其副词是supremely，表示“极度地；极其〞，常用于强调不好的品质。

例如：

TheSupremeCommanderwasinbadtemperasthetaskforhimhadchangedabruptly

*andfundamentaly.最高指挥官很生气，因为他的任务突然彻底地改变了。

2superior表示“更好的；更强的；更有效的〞，明显含有“好〞的意思。

例如：

*Afewyearsagoitwasvirtuallyimpossibletofindsuperiorqualitycoffeeinlocalshops.几

年前,几乎不可能在当地的咖啡店找到品质上乘的咖啡。

*superior后可以接介词to，表示“比…更好的/更强的/更有效的〞，在句中一般用作表语或

后置定语。

例如：

*Forallbabies,breastfeedingisfarsuperiortobottlefeeding.对于所有的婴儿，母乳喂养都

远远优于奶瓶喂养。

*Wehavearelationshipinfinitelysuperiortothoseofmanyofourfriends.我们之间的关系

比我们许多朋友之间的关系好太多了。

**superior也可以用作名词，指“上级；上司；长官〞，其反义词为inferior。

superior不能用

作副词。

3super表示“极好的；了不起的〞，能兼用作副词表示“极其；非常〞。

例如：

*Theyhavegainedmarketleadershipbyselingproductsthatwereofsuperquality.通过

销售高质量的产品，他们已获得了市场的领导地位。

Leeisverystraightforward,superhonestandhealwaysknowswhatheistalkingabout.

李非常直爽，且超级诚实，他总是知道自己在说什么。

〔super用作副词〕

“Didyouenjoythefilm?

〞“Yes,Ithoughtitwassuper.〞“你喜欢这个电影吗？

〞“我喜欢，我

认为它超棒的。

〞

*4superb的词义与super相同，表示“极好的；出色的；卓越的〞，superb在句中不仅可以

作定语，也可以作表语，其副词是superbly。

例如：

*Thefactisthatthetelephoneserviceissuperbhere,asiscomparedtopostalservice.事

实是，与邮政服务相比，这儿的服务是一流的。

*Iamhighlyawareofthesuperbreputationofyourschool.我非常了解你们学校极佳的声

誉。

4Duringmedicalschoolandresidency,Isawmanychildrendieofcancerand

bloodshedfrominjury–circumstancesagainstwhichmedicinehasmadegreat

progressbutstillhasalongwaytogo.Moreimportantly,Ialsosawchildren

healthythankstoadvancesinmedicalsciencesuchasinfantbreathingsupport,

powerfulnewmedicinesandsurgicaltechniquesandtheentirefieldoforgan

transplantation.（Para.1）

Meaning:

WhenIwasstudyingatamedicalschoolandbeingtrainedatahospital,Isaw

manychildrendieofcancerandshedbloodfrominjury—situationsthatmodern

medicine,thoughhasadvancedalot,isnotabletocompletelyhandle.Ontheotherhand,

Isawchildrenhealthybecauseofthemedicalachievementssuchasinfantbreathing

supportandsoforth.

Meaningbeyondwords:

Thecomparisonandcontrastbetweenthecasesofchildrenhe

witnessedeffectivelyilustratestheimportanceandnecessityofanimalresearch.

5Mydesiretotipthescalesinfavorofhealthy,happychildrendrewmetomedical

research.（Para.1）

Meaning:

Mydoingmedicalresearchwasdrivenbymyprioritytokeepchildrenhealthy

andhappy.

6Myaccusershavetwistedthetruthintoafableandcastmeasthedevil.They

claimthatIhavenomoralcompass,thatItortureinnocentanimalsforthesole

purposeofcareeradvancement,andthatmyexperimentshavenorelevanceto

medicine.（Para.2）

Meaning:

Thosewhoaccusemeofhavingnomoralstandardsdistortedthetruthintoa

legendarystorywhereIamdepictedasamonsterthattorturesinnocentanimalsonlyfor

mycareeradvancementandmyexperimentshavenothingtodowithmedicine.

Meaningbeyondwords:

Theparalelstructureof“that〞clauseevidentlystrengthensthe

angrytoneofthephysiciananditobviouslyisapluswhenarguingforone’sviewpoint.

7Meanwhile,