新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解Unit8.docx

1、新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解Unit8新视野三版读写 B2 U8 Text AAnimals or children? A scientists choice1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involvedin animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself asan evil person. I became a childrens doctor because of my lo

2、ve for childrenand my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical schooland residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but stil has along way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks t

3、oadvances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful newmedicinesandsurgicaltechniquesandtheentirefieldof organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happychildren drew me to medical research.*2 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast m

4、e asthe devil. They claim that I have no moral compass, that I torture innocentanimals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that my experimentshave no relevance to medicine.Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches,convincedthattheissuehasnosignificance,andpublicity-conscious senators

5、and politicians increasingly give way tothe lobbying of animal rights activists.3 We, in medical research, have also been unbelievably uncaring. We haveal owed the most extreme animal rights protesters to creep in and frame theissue as one of animal fraud and hatred. We have persisted in our belief

6、thata knowledgeable public would consent to the importance of animal researchfor public health. Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to theemotional tone of the argument. Perhaps we should have responded to thosesad slogans and posters of animals by waving equal y sad posters of childrend

7、ying of cancer or external wounds.4 In the animal rights forum, much is made of the volume of pain these animalsexperience in the name of medical science.Activists deny that we are trying tohelp and say it is evidence of our evil and cruel nature. A more reasonableargument, however, can be advanced

8、in our defense. Life is often cruel toanimals and human beings. Teenagers are flung from trucks and suffer severehead injuries. Young children barely able to walk find themselves at the bottomof swimming pools while a parent is occupied with something else. Fromeveryday germs to gang violence, no li

9、fe is free of pain. Physicians hoping torelieve the eternal suffering of these tragedies have only three choices: 1)create an animal model of the problem to understand the process and test newtherapies; 2) experiment on human beings (some experiments wil succeed,most wil fail); or 3) leave medical k

10、nowledge static, hoping that accidentaldiscoveries wil lead us forward.5 Some animal rights activists would suggest an optional fourth choice,*claiming that computer models can create animal experiments,thus omitting actual experiments. Computers can imitate the effects ofwel -understood principles

11、on complex systems, as in the application of thelaws of physics to airplane and automobile design. However, when theprinciples themselves are in question, as is the case with the complexbiological systems of human life under study, computer modeling alone is oflittle value.6 One of the terrifying ef

12、fects of arresting the use of animals in medicalresearch is that the impact wil not be felt for years or even decades. Drugs tocure infection wil remain undiscovered, surgical and diagnostic techniques wilremain undeveloped, and fundamental biological processes that might havebeen understood wil rem

13、ain mysteries. There is the danger that quickdecisions by wel -meaning politicians wil create resolution to diplomatical ysatisfy the smal minority of loud protesters while the consequences anddamaging impact of those decisions wil not be apparent until long after.7 Fortunately, most of us enjoy goo

14、d health, and the agony of watching oneschild die has become a rare experience. Yet our good fortune should not makeus unappreciative. Protection from serious sickness and drugs to combat heart*disease, high blood pressure and stroke are al based on animalresearch. Most complex surgical procedures s

15、uch as heart or hip surgery andorgantransplantationsurgerieswereinitial ydevelopedinanimals. Techniques to replace defective genes, the cause of so muchdisease, as wel as the development of synthetic organs are presentlyundergoing animal studies. These studies, and any subsequent advances, wileffect

16、ively end if animal research is severely restricted.8 In America today, death has become an event isolated from our dailyexistence. As a doctor who has watched many children die and seen theirparents infinite grief, I am particularly angered by any minute expression ofcaring for the suffering of cre

17、atures and so little for sick and dying humanbeings. People are too protected from the reality of human life and death andwhat it means.9 Make no mistake, however. I would never advocate needless cruel treatmentof animals. The animal rights movement has made a contribution in making usmore aware of

18、animals needs and the need to search harder for suitablealternatives. But if the more radical members of this movement are successfulin threatening further research, their efforts wil bring about a tragedy that wilcost many lives. Hence the real question is whether an uncaring majority canbe aroused

19、 to protect its future against a loud, but misdirected, minority.Language Points：1 Animals or children? A scientists choice (Title)Meaning: A scientist is now facing two choices: in favor of animals or children.2 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved inanimal

20、research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evilperson. (Para. 1)Meaning: I am the enemythe one who is condemned as a cold-hearted physicianscientist doing animal research. These rumors make me upset as Ive never consideredmyself as being evil.Meaning beyond words: The phy

21、sicians ironic tone in the sentences well reflects hisindignation and anger at the animal rights activists.3 I became a childrens doctor because of my love for children and my supremedesire to keep them healthy. (Para. 1)Meaning: My love for children and strong desire to keep them healthy drove me t

22、o be achildrens doctor.Usage note: supreme, superior, super, superb*supreme, superior, super, superb 都是形容词，且词形相近。它们都没有比较级，也没有最高级，但它们的词义和用法稍有差别。1 supreme 基本词义表示“程度最大的，最高的，极度的，一般用在名词前作定语，修饰名词，其副词是supremely，表示“极度地；极其，常用于强调不好的品质。例如：The Supreme Commander was in bad temper as the task for him had changed

23、abruptly*and fundamental y. 最高指挥官很生气，因为他的任务突然彻底地改变了。2 superior 表示“更好的；更强的；更有效的，明显含有“好的意思。例如：*A few years ago it was virtually impossible to find superior quality coffee in local shops. 几年前, 几乎不可能在当地的咖啡店找到品质上乘的咖啡。*superior 后可以接介词to，表示“比更好的/更强的/更有效的，在句中一般用作表语或后置定语。例如：*For all babies, breastfeeding is

24、far superior to bottlefeeding. 对于所有的婴儿，母乳喂养都远远优于奶瓶喂养。*We have a relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends. 我们之间的关系比我们许多朋友之间的关系好太多了。*superior 也可以用作名词，指“上级；上司；长官，其反义词为inferior。superior 不能用作副词。3 super 表示“极好的；了不起的，能兼用作副词表示“极其；非常。例如：*They have gained market leadership by sel ing pr

25、oducts that were of super quality. 通过销售高质量的产品，他们已获得了市场的领导地位。Lee is very straightforward, super honest and he always knows what he is talking about.李非常直爽，且超级诚实，他总是知道自己在说什么。super 用作副词“Did you enjoy the film? “Yes, I thought it was super. “你喜欢这个电影吗？ “我喜欢，我认为它超棒的。*4 superb 的词义与super 相同，表示“极好的；出色的；卓越的，su

26、perb 在句中不仅可以作定语，也可以作表语，其副词是superbly。例如：*The fact is that the telephone service is superb here, as is compared to postal service. 事实是，与邮政服务相比，这儿的 服务是一流的。*I am highly aware of the superb reputation of your school. 我非常了解你们学校极佳的声誉。4 During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer

27、andbloodshed from injurycircumstances against which medicine has made greatprogress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw childrenhealthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support,powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field

28、of organtransplantation. (Para. 1)Meaning: When I was studying at a medical school and being trained at a hospital, I sawmany children die of cancer and shed blood from injury situations that modernmedicine, though has advanced a lot, is notable to completely handle. On the other hand,I saw children

29、 healthy because of the medical achievements such as infant breathingsupport and so forth.Meaning beyond words: The comparison and contrast between the cases of children hewitnessed effectively il ustrates the importance and necessity of animal research.5 My desire to tip the scales in favor of heal

30、thy, happy children drew me to medicalresearch. (Para.1)Meaning: My doing medical research was driven by my priority to keep children healthyand happy.6 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil. Theyclaim that I have no moral compass, that I torture innocent animals f

31、or the solepurpose of career advancement, and that my experiments have no relevance tomedicine. (Para. 2)Meaning: Those who accuse me of having no moral standards distorted the truth into alegendary story where I am depicted as a monster that tortures innocent animals only formy career advancement and my experiments have nothing to do with medicine.Meaning beyond words: The paral el structure of “that clause evidently strengthens theangry tone of the physician and it obviously is a plus when arguing for ones viewpoint.7 Meanwhile,