剑7长难句.docx

剑7长难句.docx

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剑7长难句

一、C7长难句分析

C7T1P1Letsgotobad

1.Giventhatthereisalivingtobemadeatnight,andgivethatalternativedaytimetradesarethoroughlyoccupied,naturalselectionhasfavoredbatsthatmakeagoofthenight-huntingtrade.

2.fishanddolphinsthatliveinextremelymuddywatercannotseebecause,althoughthereislight,itisobstructedandscatteredbythedirtinthewater.

3.Thisdoesn'trequireaprohibitiveamountofenergy:

amails'tinypinprickoflightcanbeseenbyfemalefromsomedistanceonadarknight,sincehereyesareexposeddirectlytothelightsourceitself.

4.Inanyevent,whetherornotthereasonistheenergyexpense,itseemstobethecasethat,withthepossibleexceptionofsomeweirddeep-seafish,noanimalapartfrommanusesmanufacturedlighttofinditswayabout.

5.Experimentsshowsthat,inface,facialvisionisnothingtodowithtouchorthefrontoftheface,althoughthesensationmaybereferredtothefrontoftheface,likethereferredpaininaphantomlimb.

6.bothsidesintheSecondWorldWarreliedheavilyonthesedevices,undersuchcondemnsasAsdic（Britishh）andSonar（American）,aswellasRadar（American）orRDF（British）,whichusesradioechoesratherthansoundechoes.

7.TheSonarandRadarpioneersdidn'tknowitthen,butalltheworldnowknowsthatbats,orrathernaturalselectionworkingonbats,hadperfectedthesystemtensofmillionisofyearearlier,andtheir'radar'achievesfeatsofdetectionandnavigationthatwouldstrikeanengineerdumbwithadmiration.

C7T1P2Makingeverydropcount

1.AttheheightoftheRomanEmpire,ninemajorsystems,withaninnovativelayoutofpipesandwell-builtsewers,suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.

2.Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld'sfood.

3.Yetthereisadarksidetothispicture:

despiteourprogress,halfoftheworld'spopulationtillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.

4.Yetthereisadarksidetothispicture:

despiteourprogress,halfoftheworld'spopulationtillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.

5.Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities,whichisincreasinglyconsideredtheoptionoflast,notfirst,resort.

6.Nevertheless,itmaybetheonlywaytoaddresssuccessfullythepressingproblemsofprovidingeveryonewithcleanwatertodrink,adequatewatertogrowfoodandalifefreefrompreventablewater-relatedillness.

7.Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.

C7T1P3Educatingpsyche

1.EducatingPsychebyBernieNevilleisabookwhichlooksatradicalnewapproachestolearning,describingtheeffectsofemotion,imaginationandtheunconsciousonlearning.

2.Lozanov'sinstructionaltechniqueisbasedontheevidencethattheconnectionsmadeinthebrainthroughunconsciousprocessing（whichhecallsnon-specificmentalreactivity）aremoredurablethanthosemadthroughconsciousprocessing.

3.Besidesthelaboratoryevidenceforthis,weknowfromourexperiencethatweoftenrememberwhatwehaveperceivedperipherally,longafterwehaveforgottenwhatwesetouttolearn.

4.Ifwethinkofalecturewelistenedtowithgreatconcentration,wewillrecallthelecturer'sappearanceandmannerisms,ourplaceintheauditorium,thefailureoftheair-conditioning,muchmoreeasilythantheideaswewenttolearn.

5.eveniftheseperipheraldetailsareabitelusive,theycomebackreadilyinhypnosisorwhenwerelivetheeventimaginatively,asinpsychodrama.

6.EducatingPsychebyBernieNevilleisabookwhichlooksatradicalnewapproachestolearning,describingtheeffectsofemotion,imaginationandtheunconsciousonlearning.

7.Whatisdistinctiveinthesuggestopedicmethodisthattheyaredevoteentirelytoassistingrecall.

8.Lozanovacknowledgesthattheritualsurroundingsuggestioninhiownsystemisalsoaplacebo,butmaintainsthatwithsuchaplacebopeopleareunabletoorafraidtotapthereservecapacityoftheirbrains.Likeanyplacebo,itmustbedispensedwithauthoritytobeeffective.Justasadoctorcallsonthefullpowerofautocraticsuggestionbyinsistingthatpatienttakepreciselythiswhitecapsulepreciselythreetimesadaybeforemeals,Lozanoviscategoricininsistingthatsuggestopedicsessionbeconductedexactlyinthatmannerdesignated,bytrainedandaccreditedsuggestopedicteachers.

9.Whilesuggestopediahasgainedsomenotoietythroughsuccessintheteachingofmodernlanguages,fewteachersareabletoemulatethespectacularresultsofLozanovandhisassociates.

C7T2P1Whypagodasdon’tfalldown

1.Yetitleftthemagnificentfive-storeypagodaattheTojitempleinnearbyKyotounscathedthoughitlevelledanumberofbuildingsintheneighborhood.

2.Itwasonlythirtyyearsagothatthebuildingindustryfeltconfidentenoughtoerectofficeblocksofsteelandreinforcedconcretethathadmorethanadozenfloors.

3.WhenthepagodareachedJapan,however,itsarchitecturewasfreelyadaptedtolocalconditions—theywerebuiltlesshigh,typicallyfiveratherthanninestoreys,mademainlyofwoodandthestaircasewasdispensed.

4.Forthesamereason,thebuildersofJapanesepagodasseemtohavefurtherincreasedtheirweightbychoosingtocovertheseextendedeavesnotwiththeporcelaintilesofmanyChinesepagodasbutwithmuchheavierearthenwaretiles.

5.Theancientcraftsmen,apparentlywithouttheassistanceofveryadvancedmathematics,seemedtograsptheprinciplesthatwere,morethanathousandyearslater,appliedintheconstructionofJapan'sfirstskyscraper.

6.MoresurprisingisthefactthattheindividualstoreysofaJapanesepagoda,unliketheircounterpartselsewhere,arenotactuallyconnectedtoeachother.

7.Theshinbashira,runningupthroughaholeinthecentreofthebuilding,constrainedindividualstoreysfrommovingtoofarbecause,aftermovingacertaindistance,theybangedintoit,transmittingenergyawayalongthecolumn.

8.AnotherstrangefeatureoftheJapanesepagodaisthat,becausethebuildingtapers,witheachsuccessivefloorplanbeingsmallerthantheonebelow,noneoftheverticalpillarsthatcarrytheweightofthebuildingisconnectedtoitscorrespondingpillarabove.

C7T2P2Whypagodasdon’tfalldown

1.Ithasnowreachedapointwhereagrowingnumberofpeoplebelievethatitisfartoohigh,andthatbringingitdownwillbeoneofthegreatchallengesofthetwentyfirstcentury.

2.Thecostisinthecollateraldamageoftheverymethodsoffoodproductionthathavemadethefoodcheaper:

inthepollutionofwater,theenervationofsoil,thedestructionofwildlife,theharmtoanimalwelfareandthethreattohumanhealthcausedbymodernindustrialagriculture.

3.Naturalsoilfertilityisdroppinginmanyareasbecauseofcontinuousindustrialfertiliserandpesticideuse,whilethegrowthofalgaeisincreasinginlakesbecauseofthefertiliserrun-off.

4.Thatismainlybecausethecostsofallthisdamagearewhateconomistsrefertoasexternalities，theyareoutsidethemaintransaction,whichisforexampleproducingandsellingafieldofwheat,andarebornedirectlybyneitherproducersnorconsumers.

5.Socanthetruecostoffoodbebroughtdown?

Breakingawayfromindustrialagricultureasthesolutiontohungermaybeveryhardforsomecountries,butinBritain,wheretheimmediateneedtosupplyfoodislessurgent,andthecostsandthedamageofintensivefarminghavebeenclearlyseen,itmaybemorefeasible

6.Heisrecommendingtheimmediateintroductionofa'GreenerFoodStandard',whichwouldpushthemarkettowardsmoresustainableenvironmentalpracticesthanthecurrentnorm,whilenotrequiringthefullcommitmenttoorganicproduction.

C7T2P2MarketeIntegratedRuralTransportProject

1.ThedisappointingresultsofmanyconventionalroadtransportprojectsinAfricaledsomeexpertstorethinkthestrategybywhichruraltransportproblemsweretobetackledatthebeginningofthe1980s.

2.Thesocio-economicsurveyofmorethan400householdsinthedistrictindicatedthatahouseholdinMaketespent,onaverage,sevenhoursadayontransportingthemselvesandtheirgoods,afigurewhichseemedextremebutwhichhasalsobeenobtainedinsurveysinotherruralareasinAfrica.Interestingfactsregardingtransportwerefound:

95%wasonfoot;80%waswithinthelocality;and70%wasrelatedtothecollectionofwaterandfirewoodandtravellingtogrindingmills.

3.Theeffortstoimprovetheefficiencyoftheexistingtransportserviceswerenotverysuccessfulbecausemostofthemotorisedvehiclesinthedistrictbrokedownandtherewerenoresourcestorepairthem.

4.Thosewhohaveboughtdonkeysaremainlyfromricherhouseholdsbut,withanincreasedsupplythroughlocalbreeding,donkeysshouldbecomemoreaffordable.Meanwhile,localinitiativesarepromotingtherentingoutoftheexistingdonkeys.

5.ItwouldhavebeeneasytocriticisetheMIRTPforusingintheearlyphasesa‘top-down'approach,inwhichdecisionsweremadebyexpertsandofficialsbeforebeinghandeddowntocommunities,butitwasnecessarytostarttheprocessfromthelevelofthegovernmentalauthoritiesofthedistrict.

6.TheconceptofintegratedruraltransportisnowwellestablishedinTanzania,whereamajorprogramofruraltran