高中 英语 主谓一致知识点.docx
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高中英语主谓一致知识点
高一英语语法知识系列
（2）
主谓一致
主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称和数的方面一致,学习主谓一致应熟记一些语法规则。
处理主谓一致关系一般采取语法一致、逻辑一致及就近一致的三个原则。
1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2）逻辑意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，
一、语法一致
1.由and连接的两个名词做主语,表示不同的人或事,谓语动词用复数。
Whathesaidandwhathedidhavegreatlyencouragedtheotherstudents.
2.and连接的两个名词指同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数。
Thefamouswriterandpoethasgivenatalktwiceaday.
3.由no…andno…,each…andeach…,every…andevery…,manya…andmanya…等构成复合主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttogeteducation.
Manyadeskandmanyachairhasbeentakenoutoftheclassroom.
4.两个单数名词用and并列表示一个概念或是不可分割的整体做主语,位于用单数。
常见的此类短语有warandpeace,ironandsteel,aneedleandthreat,breadandbutter,acartandhorse等。
Eggandriceisherusualbreakfast.
5.主语后面带有aswellas,ratherthan,like,but,expect,besides,with,togetherwith,alongwith,including,inadditionto等词连接的名词,根据语法一致的原则,谓语动词根据这些词前的主语来确定动词的形式。
Theprofessortogetherwithanumberofstudentswasdoingexperimentsinchemistryinthelabatthattime.
二、逻辑意义上的一致
1.某些集体名词,如family,team,class,enemy,majority,group,government,public,party,army,firm,company等,如视作一个整体,作单数用。
如果指该集体的各个成员,则作复数用。
例：
Hisfamilyissmall.Hisfamilyareallmodelworkers.
2.people,police,cattle,poultry（家禽）等有生命的集体名词,位于动词用复数形式。
例：
Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.
3.以-s结尾的名词
1）学科名称如：
politics,physics,mathematics,economics等以及书名.游戏名.疾病名作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
如：
TheArabianNights（天方夜谭）isapopularreadingwiththeyoungpeople.
Diabetes（糖尿病）isacommondisease.
2）由两部分构成的物体如glasses,scissors,trousers,jeans等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数。
如：
Theglassesareyours.
但物体前若用pairof,谓语动词的单复数,常取决于pair前的单复数。
如：
Therearesomenewpairsofcompasses.
4.表示时间,重量,距离,金钱等名词作主语时,往往把这类复数成一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
如：
Fifteenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.
Onehundreddollarsisnotalargesumofmoney.
5.不定式,动名词,从句作主语,谓语用单数。
例：
Toteachistolearn.
6.表示地方,国家,机构,等专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,
如：
TheNewYorkTimesispublisheddaily.
7.表示群岛,山脉,瀑布,运动会等专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
如：
TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.
8.少数名词如means,works,series等作主语时,谓语动词单复数根据所表达的概念而定。
如：
Everymeanshasbeentried.Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.
9.数词one后跟in,of,outof,引起的介词词组作主语是时,谓语动词一般用单数。
如：
Oneoutoftwentywasbadlydamaged.
三、就近性原则
1.由连词or,either…or,neither…nor,whether…or,notonly…butalso,not…but等连接主语,谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。
如：
Washeoryouinthenextroomjustnow?
2.谓语动词与介词后面的名词的数一致。
1）allof;mostof;alotof;someof;halfof;therestof;plentyof;partof;two-thirdof等加名词做主语时,谓语动词根据名词的数而定。
如：
Therestoftheboyswereout.Alloftheworkhasbeendone.
2）noneof;neitherof接名词有时做复数看待,有时作单数看待,主要取决于说话人的意思。
如：
Noneofthemhasarrivedyetatthesettlement.
Noneofthemhavearrivedyet.
3）“oneof+复数名词”后的定语从句谓语用复数。
而“the/onlyoneof+复数名词”后的定语从句位于动词用单数。
如：
HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentoShanghai.
HeisoneofthestudentswhohavebeentoShanghai.
4）many/few/quietafew/agoodmany/alargenumberof/millionsof连接复数名词时谓语动词用复数。
如：
Agreatnumberofscientistsinvitedarepresentattheconference.
5）much/little/quitealittle/agreatdealof/abitof+不可数名词+单数谓语。
如：
Thereislittlewaterinthebottle.
6）more+复数名词thanone+复数谓语；morethanone+单数名词+复数谓语
Morestudentsthanhaveseenthefilm.Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.
7）amountof+不可数名词做主语,谓语动词的单复数决定于amount的数。
如：
Alargeamountofmoneywasspentonthegreatbridge.
Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthegreatbridge.
8）adayortwo+单数谓语；oneortwodays+复数谓语
如：
Adayortwohaspassed.Oneortwodayshavepassed.
9）a（large）quantityof+名词作主语,谓语动词根据名词的数决定。
但是如果是quantitiesof+名词作主语，谓语则用复数。
Alargequantityofsandwaspiledatthebottomofthehill.
Alargequantityofbooksweresenttothechildreninpoorareas.
10）如果主语用kindof等表示种类的词作主语,位于动词一般按语法一致的原则决定单复数。
A）thiskindof+单数（或复数）名词,谓语动词用单数
例：
Thiskindofmenisdangerous.
B）如果复数名词中心词作主语,谓语动词用复数。
例：
Menofthiskindaredangerous.
C）如果kindof前有复数限定词,谓语动词用复数。
例：
Thesekind（s）ofmeninterestme.
四．巩固练习：
1.---Didyougototheshowlastnight?
---Yeah.Everyboyandgirlintheareainvited.
A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was
2.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea.
A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair
3.Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeofdaysandweekssosmallthatadayisunimportant.
A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen
4.ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere_____yet.
A.hasn’tbeendecideB.haven’tdecidedC.isn’tbeingdecidedD.aren’tdecided
5.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexpertsthatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweekgoodforone’shealth.
A.show;areB.shows;isC.show;isD.shows;are
6.ApoetandartistcomingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpainingtomorrow.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
7.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-thirdusedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
8.MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmithsalsotrueoftheJohnsons.
A.areB.isC.beingD.tobe
9.Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroadsrisingthesedays.
A.waskeepingB.keepC.keepsD.werekeeping
10.ThefatheraswellashisthreechildrenskatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.
A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing
11.Whatweusedtothinkimpossiblenowdoesseempossible.
A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe
12.Themother,alongwithhertwodaughters,fromthesinkingaircraftbyapassingship.
A.haverescuedB.havebeenrescuedC.hasrescuedD.hasbeenrescued
13.Everypossiblemeanstosavetheminersstuckinthemine.
A.havetriedB.havebeentriedC.hasbeentriedD.hastried
14.Allpossiblemeansbeentakentostoptheriver.
A.have;pollutingB.has;polluted
C.has;frompollutedD.have;beingpolluted
15.Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatnotfullyunderstood.
A.areB.wereC.isD.was
16.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodeartheachyear.
A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedaway
C.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedaway
17.NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandIthatthedirectorisgoingtoresign.
A.knowsB.knowC.haveknownD.amtoknow
18.ThepopulationofChinalargerthanthatofanyothercountryintheworld.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
19.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitoraskedtoattendthemeetingthisafternoon.
A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing
20.Thegreatwriterandprofessor.
A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmen
C.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese
21.Thereapen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
22.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses___muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.
A.doesn’tchangeB.don’tchangeC.changeD.changed
23.TheArabianNightswellknowntotheEnglish.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
24.ChairmanMao’sworkstranslatedintomanylanguages.
A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is
25.Thesteelworkstotheeastofthecitydestroyedinthewar.
A.wasB.hasC.areD.were
26.TheOlympicGamesheldeveryyears.
A.is;fourthB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five
27.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
28.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoelected.
A.areB.haveC.hasD.is
29.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthatasked.
A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen
30.Manyamancometohelpus.
A.haveB.hasC.isD.are
31.“Allpresentandallgoingonwell,”ourmonitorsaid.
A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are
32.Thepolicethemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.
A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.wassearchingfor
33.Yourtrousersdirty.Youmusthavewashed.
A.is;itB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them
34.Thispairoftrouserstoolongforhim.
A.isB.beC.areD.were
35.NeitherTomnorJackandIhisstudents.
A.areB.amC.isD.was
36.Thedriveraswellasthetwochildrenwho__injuredintheaccidentoutofdangernow.
A.were;isB.were;areC.was;isD.was;are
37.Tenminutesanhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.
A.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.seeming
38.Thefollowingsomeotherexample.
A.areB.isC.wasD.were
39.Thewholeclasstheteacherattentively.
A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islistening
40.Ihavefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhichmoredifficult.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
41.Betweenthetworowsoftreestheteachingbuilding.
A.standB.standsC.standingD.are
42.Largequantitiesofwaterforirrigation.
A.isneededB.hasneededC.areneededD.need
43.Thattheywerewronginthesemattersnowcleartousall.
A.isB.wasC.areD.all
44.Whatweneedgoodtextbooks.
A.isB.areC.haveD.has
45.Whatyousaidjustnowthematterwearediscussing.
A.havesomethingtodowithB.hassomethingtodowith
C.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtodowith
46.Ourresearchsystemcangiveusanear
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