24.移民：
immigrant（进来）/emigrant（出去）/migrant
25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming（人口，行业）/flourishing
26.神圣的：
divine/heavenly/holy/sacred
27.有毒的：
poisonous/toxic（in-,non-无毒的）
28.致命的：
deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal
29.类似于：
looklike/resemble
30.chronic长期的,慢性的—long-term长期的
31.网恋：
virtuallove/cyberlove
32.网友：
on-line/net/cyberfriend
上网（聊天）chatonline/goon-line cybercafé/网吧
33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution革命，旋转/involve-involution卷入，涉及
34.indicator/predictor表示诠释，预测
35.indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray
36.therapist/expert/specialist
37.优点，长处，美德：
advantage/merit/virtue/length
38.commonest/frequent
39.未开发的，初级的：
rudimentary/underdeveloped
40.退化：
degenerate/-tion[n]->generate生产，制造/degrade->grade等级/deteriorate恶化，每况愈下
41.分类：
category-categorize/class-classify
42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency频率
43.clash冲突（民族，种族）/crash飞机坠毁
44.substitution=>substitutesthforsb/replace
45.alternative=>选择性，代替性，辅助性
46.孤立：
isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->bealiento/insulate（-ior）绝缘，隔热（体）
47．缺点，不足之处：
defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback
48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：
inventive（-tion）/innovative（-tion）/creative（-tion）/ingenious（ity）/novel（-ty） =>[n]/creative/revolutionary
易错拼写：
environment/convenient
49．neutral中立的，中性的/negative否定，消极，阴性的/positive肯定，积极，阳性的
50．ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure
municate沟通，传达，通报
52.accommodate1供...食宿，2=adaptto适应，调整，3=hold容纳，4使…停靠
mitment1~tosth奉献2责任,义务
54．contributeto导致~resultin/accountfor （占据）导致
54.缺乏的，不足的：
inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack（of）/short（of）
55.强调：
emphasize/stress/highlight/focuson/concentrateon
明显的：
apparently显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/obviously=>evidently
56.对…怀疑：
（be）/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious（about/of）
57.缺点，缺陷：
drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw
58.臭命昭著的：
notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous
59.机构，组织：
association/structure/organization
60.超过：
exceed/surpass
61.岩浆：
moltenrock/lava/magma
62.语言：
linguist~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/ 双语
63.多种多样的：
diversity/variety/breed/species
breed：
[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成
64.dialect方言 accent腔调
65.开始的，初步的：
begin/launch/initial（-ly）[v]首字母，开始的/initiate开始，发动->initiative原创性=origin
66.贫穷：
poor/inpoverty/impoverished（被剥夺财产的）
67.杰出：
eminence（-t）/prominence（-t）/unusual
68.gene/geneticdefect~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思，怀孕/deliver分娩
69.辅助性：
alternative补充性/therapist
70.演绎，推理：
deduce->deductive/inferential>induction归纳
71.令人困惑的：
bewildering/puzzling/perplexing
72.apply：
紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于
73.subsidize辅助/subsidy补助，补贴/subsidiary
74.afactorinsth/dependonsth
75.bepreferredby/choice
76.attitudeto/how
77.thepresentcentury/modernsociety
78.broad/great
79.intermof按照，在…方面，关于/withregardto,inspiteof不顾，尽管
80.small-scale小范围/marginal边缘处的
81.physical/medical
82.negotiation/agreement 谈判，洽谈/商定，协议
83.evolve/develop
84.apartment/accommodation 公寓/住房
85.virtual（love）/simulate 模拟的（网恋）/模拟
86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难，不幸
87.innovate/invent 革新，创新/发明，创造
sculpture/craft 雕刻，雕塑/工艺
88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的
89.beparticipantin/takepartin/participatein
90.labour[美，澳]/work
91.attendto/takecareof
92.dualemployment/dual-worker 双职工（家庭）
93.indicate/predict 指示，表明，象征/预料，预言
Amajorcontributorto/becentralto 来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因
94.expert/therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家
95.leadto/beassociatedwith 相联系（带来…的好处）
96.balanced/equitable 平等的
97.handicap/disabled/primitive残疾的，落后的
98.couldnot-andcannot/hasalwaysbeenunableto
by/from
99.benefit/advantage
100.substantialinfluence/greaterlikelihood
101.agreeon/define
102.considereddesirable/effectiveness
103.masquerade/（in）disguise 伪装
104.insignificant/didn’tseriously 不重要/不严重的
105.inspect/examine 审核,检查
106．caliber/criterion 标准
107．no-oneknow><臭名昭著的
108．dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶，讨厌
109.pessimism/negative/blue><乐观的
110.unsatisfactory/hardlybelookedupon
111.identify/define
112.turn…into/become
113.urban/rural/suburban
114.demolish/knock down/dismantle毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/敲，打
115.migration/move 迁移/移动
116.pay/chargesbfor 向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉
117.separate/split 分开，使隔绝，提取/分，劈开
118.fascination/attraction （-e:
[v]） 迷住，吸引住
119.notrequire/unnecessary 不需要/不必要
120.decode/decipher 译解（密码），解释
121.delay/drawback=disadvantage 耽误，延迟/欠缺，弊端
122.association/organization 机构，关联/组织
123.*recent/current/nowadays/present 最近的/现代的/当今的/现在
124.intensiveburst/explosiverelease 强烈的爆发/爆炸性的释放
125.recognized/identified 承认，识别，认可/识别，鉴别
126.aimto/focuson 针对，目标，打算/集中
127.link…to/leadto 连接/导致，通向
128.inadequate（diet）/deficiency（intraceminerals）不充分，不适当的/缺乏，不足
129.basic/fundamental 基础的，基本的
130.seize/catch 捕捉，抓住
131.fatal/lethal 致命的
132.successon/runningon 成功
133.costly/berelatedby 有关系的
134.beobtainedin/bederivedin 获得，流行，通用/由…产生，起源于
135.high-income/wealthy 高收入的/富裕的
136.bealike/besimilarto 相同的，相似的
137.indicate/show 显示，指出，象征
138.eliminate/lessen ><消除/减少
139.notrisensignificantly/stagnate 停滞不前的
140.salary/wage 工资：
总称/蓝领的
141.create/gain 创造，造成/获得，增加
efficiently/increasedproductivity 有效率的/上升的生产率
142.economy/financial 经济
143.administration/management
144.（be）sympathetic/understand 同情的，赞同/理解
145.introduce/involve 引入/卷入
146.change/different
147.die><存在
148.almost/approximately
149.beoutofdate/bedeveloped
150.solve/reduce 减少
151.famous/eminent
152.barrier/hurdle
153.higherposition/toppost
154.Advantage:
virtue,merit,benefit,positiveaspect,strength,好处,优点,长处
155.Disadvantage:
weakness,failing,weakness,defect,drawback,negativeaspect,fault不利,缺点,缺陷
156.Casual:
arbitrary,unplanned,unexpected,随意的
157.Effective:
efficient,effectual,fruitful,productive,valid多效的
158.Criticize:
reproach,blame,批评
159.Flaw:
weakness,defect缺点
160.Ability;capability,power,caliber能力
161.Dishonest:
deceptive不诚实的
162.Fair:
equitable,equal,impartial,公平的
163.Success:
achievement,feat成功
164.Reason:
factor,contributor,origin,原因
165.Result:
outcome,consequence,implication结果
166.Resultfrom:
arisefrom,originatefrom,bedueto,thanksto,由于，因为
167.Giveriseto:
contributeto,leadto,resultin,cause,breed,create,incur导致
168.Disaster:
catastrophe灾难
169.Pollute:
contaminate污染
170.Poisonous:
toxic有毒的
171.Decrease;fall,drop,plunge,decline,stepback,downward,minimize,abate下降
172.Increase:
rise,goup,surge,grow,上升
173.Growing:
increasing,rising,上升的
剑桥四阅读考点替换词
名词：
1. thedestructionofrainforests（原文）--thelossoftherainforests
2. rainforestconservation（原文）—therainforeststobeprotected
3. thegeographicallocation—wheretherainforestswere
4. courtshipritual—mating
5. feeding—eating
6. youngpeople—teens
7. highstanding—highopinion
8. takecourses—retrain
9. domesticbuilding—dwellings
10. economicprogress—economicgrowth
形容词：
1． Rudimentary—underdeveloped
2． Well-developed—bestdeveloped
3. Surprised—takenaback
4. beloathto/beconservativeabout—bereluctantto
4. chronic—long-term
5. Awareness—conscious
6. basic--fundamental
动词：
1． Resemble—makesimilarchoices/looklike
2.chooseentrepreneurship—setuptheirownbusiness
3.makeunbiasedstatements—commentobjectivelyon
4.dealonlywith—focuson
5.bederivedfrom—begainedfrom
6.breakrecords—setnewrecords
prehend—explain
8.bebrokendown—besubdivided
9.predict—estimate
10.theelderly—elderlypeople
副词：
Withtremendousforce—violently
AB相关替换
1． mediacoverage—Newspaperandtelevision
2． Acurveinsidethecircle—asymbol
3． Governmentpolicy—governmentinitiative
4． Agrowinginterestinculturalidentity—increasingappreciation
5． Bilingualism—morethanonelanguage
6． Facialexpression—bodylanguage
7． Nutriment—diet
8． Pots,toolsandweapons—objects
关系替换：
1． Peoplecanlearn…--itcanteachpeople…
2． AdependsonB—BaffectA
剑桥雅思真题456中的替换关系
Reco
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