高考语法复习定语从句讲解及提升练习有答案.docx
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高考语法复习定语从句讲解及提升练习有答案
高中语法复习:
定语从句讲解及提升练习
考点一 关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系代词的基本用法
关系代词
先行词
在从句中的作用
who
人
主语、宾语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
whose
人或物
定语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.我住在一对夫妻的隔壁,他们的孩子经常制造噪音。
2.that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况
先行词是all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing
等不定代词时
先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时(逗号隔开时)
关系代词指物,且前有介词时
ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.
《今日中国》有着全球的读者群,这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
3.as和which的区别
as
as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句前、中、后,as常译为“正如……,正像……”。
从句的谓语动词多为see,know,expect,say,mention,report等
which
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时,只能置于主句后,常译为“这一点,这件事”等,which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
“Youcan'tjudgeabookbyitscover,”astheoldsayinggoes.
正如老话说的那样:
“人不可貌相”。
[易错提醒] as用在限制性定语从句中时,先行词必须有such,so,as或thesame等修饰,且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的基本用法
关系副词
先行词
在从句中的作用
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词或抽象名词(situation,point,position,case,stage等)
地点状语
why
thereason
原因状语
Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周,届时天气可能会更好。
Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.
学生们应该参与社团活动,在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday?
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗?
考点三 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which或whom,且不能省略。
Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2.“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级+of+which/whom”引导的定语从句,表示部分与整体的关系。
Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheorieswhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论,这些理论尚未得到证实。
Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewelleducated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
3.在非限制性定语从句中,whose修饰物时可以换为“the+名词+ofwhich”;修饰人时,可以换为“the+名词+ofwhom”。
Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsofwhich(=whosewalls)arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.这家新建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色,对我们来说,真是一个安静的地方,特别是在辛苦工作后。
【技法点拨】
在语法填空中:
1.首先找准先行词,分析句子结构,根据从句所缺的成分确定关系词的使用。
①如果缺少主、宾、表作定语,需用关系代词;如果缺少状语,则用关系副词。
②确定所缺成分之后,再看先行词是人还是物,是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词,是reason还是way等,从而最后确定答案。
2.若先行词指人,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系代词用whom,若指物,则用which。
牢记that与which,as与which的区别。
巩固提升:
一、单项选择
1.Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea________interactwithoneanother.
A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what
2.Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom__youreceivedgifts?
A.whichB.themC.thatD.whom
3.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_____wemayreturninthenearfuture.
A.towhichB.bywhichC.fromwhichD.onwhich
4.Wewentthroughaperiod________communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.
A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich
5.Mozart'sbirthplaceandthehouse hecomposed“TheMagicFlute”arebothmuseumsnow.
A.whereB.when
C.thereD.which
6.Samuelsurvivedwhenthecar________hewasapassengerinturnedofftheroadandhitatree.
A.whereB.that
C.asD.why
7.ThenewsystemindevelopmentDr.GreyparticipatedisnotbeingutilizedinthecurrentNationalDefenseprogram.
A.whichB.whereC.whoseD.that
8.Manhasthegiftofreason,enableshimtodominatelifeonearth—andthechancetosurviveaslongasthesolarsystemremainshospitabletohim.
A.whyB.whichC.thatD.as
9.Louisethoughtofthedifficultyshecouldhaveeasilyacquiredthemoneysheneededtostarthercareer.
A.afterwhichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.overwhich
10.Werethementheynoticedsomerecruitedforthenavy?
A.theonesB.whoC.ofwhomD./
11.Addressingtheseimportantissueswillbenefitnotonlythemilitarybut,isoftenthecase,theentirecountry.
A.asB.whichC.thatD.if
12.We’veadvancedanumberofnewtechnologicalinnovationshelpfulinopeningadditionalmarketsforourproductsinthefuture.
A.webelievearehelpfulB.thatwebelievetheyarehelpful
C.aswebelieveareD.whichwebelieve
13.ThelifeeventsofthismomentarebeingplacedinyourexperiencetoprovideyouwithaperfectcontextthetruewonderandgloryofWhoYouReallyAre.
A.withinwhereyoucouldexperienceB.withinthattoexperience
C.whichtoexperiencewithinD.withinwhichtoexperience
14.TheNewYorkStockExchangeisnolongerthecompanythegeneralpublicthinksitis.
A.whichB.asC.whereD.that
15.Victimsoftenmeetresistanceintheverylegalsystem,evidencemaybeoverwhelmedbypublicopinion.
A.whichB.whereC.whoseD.that
16.Theconcertworldasawholeisincrisis,butjazz,oneofthemostvulnerabletypesonliveperformance,isespeciallyontheedge.
A.whichdependsB.whichdependC.thatdependD.asdepends
17.He'ssucharemarkabletennisplayer______________seemstogetthecredithedeserves.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.whom
18.Itmustbethereason_____Mikerefusedtosaymoreaboutitforatthemeeting______arousedthesuspicionofthedetective.
A.which…thatB.why…thatC.which…whichD.that…which
19.Hewon'twanttoeatitunlesshe'sreallyhungry,_____he'lleatalmostanything.
A.inwhichcaseB.inthatcaseC.inthecaseD.incase
20.Today,Britainisstillaglobalpower----atleastpartlybecauseofQueenElizabethII,_____haspassionatelyworkedtostrengthentiesbetweenBritainandotherglobalpowers.
A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that
21._______mightbeexpected,IdidwhatIcouldtomakethemfeelathome.
A.WhatB.ItC.WhichD.As
22.BillGates’fathermadesuchatremendouscontributiontophilanthropy(慈善)__________greatlybenefitedtensofthousandsofcollegestudentsinneedofsponsorship.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.what
23.Itwasinthe1860’s_________therewasagoldrush_________theEuropeanscameandsettleinQueenstowninNewZealand.
A.that;thatB.when;whenC.when;thatD.that;where
24.Whenyou’rearound17,yourbrainhasreachedthepoint_______youcaneasilymakewisedecisions.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.that
25.Thebossinterviewedtwoapplicants,neitherof______hethoughtwassuitablebecausehedidn’tliketheway______theyspoke.
A.whom;whichB.who;thatC.whom;inwhichD.who;where
26.Hergrandma,______helpshecouldn’thaveachievedsomuch,haspassedaway.
A.whoseB.ofwhoseC.withwhomD.withoutwhose
27.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______wespentandtheplace_______westayed.
A.which;whichB.when;where
C.when:
whichD.which;where
28.Isthisthereason_______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
A./B.whatC.howD.why
29.Themanpulledoutasmallgoldwatch,_______weremadeofsmalldiamonds.
A.thehandsofwhomB.thehandsofwhich
C.whomthehandsofD.whichthehandsof
30.Thebiggestsinglehobbyinwesterncountries__________westernpeoplespendtheirmosttime,energyandmoneyisgardening.
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.onwhich
31.Therearemanypeople__________on-lineactivityissendingandreceivinge-mails.
A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.that
32.Theforeignguests,__________weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.
A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose
33.Thisisthemostexcitingfilm__________Ihaveeverseen.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whose
34.Allthescenesandpeople_____wererecordedonmobilephonesordigitalcamerasarewellconnected.
A./B.which
C.whoD.that
35.Manypeoplesleepwiththechargingphonesrightnexttotheirheads,__________couldincreasethechancesofgettingcancer.
A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that
36.Thisistheveryjuniorhighschool______Ihavestudiedforfouryears.
A.thatB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich
37.Thepoliceaskedthewitnessestotellthemall______theysawwhentheaccidenthappened.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what
38.Thisisoneofthelargestfactoriesbeenrebuiltsincelastyear.
A.whichhaveB.thathaveC.whichhasD.thathas
39.Ihopethatthelittle________Ihavebeenabletododoesgoodtothemall.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when
40.________isknowntoeverybody,TaiwanisapartofChina.Wemustunifyit.
A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.What
答案:
1.A2.D3.A4.C5.A6.B7.C8.B9.C10.C11.A12.D13.D14.D15.B16.C17.B
18.A19.A20.C21.D22.B23.C24.C25.C26.D27.D28.A29.B30.D31.B32.C33.A34.D35.A36.C37.C38.39.C40.B
二、汉译英
1.尽管他几度欲放弃这个非常具有挑战性的研究工作,但他还是发挥出自己的极限,做出了重大科学发现。
(despite,push)
2.高糖、高脂、高盐的食物不利健康,你要改变饮食方式。
(impact,way定语从句)
3.当他收到那封梦寐以求的信时,他情不自禁地发出了一声高兴的叫声。
(lookforward)
4.该款电动车提供终生免费保养,这吸引了顾客的眼球,大大促进了销量。
(which)
5.该男子想方设法回避谈及这个话题,这就逼迫警方对此事件不得不展开调查。
(which)6.熬夜越发成为一种普遍现象,它会导致一系列健康问题出现。
(result,定语从句)
7.约翰一打开最新一期的上海中学生报,就看到了马拉多纳(Maradona)因突发心脏病去世的消息,这使他突然大哭。
(burst)
8.这部歌剧,改编自童话故事,将耳熟能详的人物演活了,整个剧院充满欢声笑语。
(fill)9.最初为了战争而发明的英特网为现代生活做出了巨大贡献。
(purpose)
10.没过多久,教练就用Tom替换了那位表现欠佳的球员。
(before;substitute)
11.尽管我们在生活中会遇到困难,但人人都有机会让他人的生活有所改变。
(regardless)
12.这部电影制作精良,主题鲜明,剧情真挚动人,被人们奉为永久的经典。
(whose)
13.导演用了七周时间将上传到网上的视频片段制作成了一部展现全球各地人们日常生活的影片。
(take)
14.在这个重要关头,我们需要一个能鼓舞团队士气的人。
(inspire)
15.为社会做奉献的方式有很多种,其中之一就是利用闲暇时间到社区服务中心做义工。
(which)
16.他第一次在罗马旅行时,并没有过多关注那些矗立在广场中央的雕塑背后的文艺复兴思想。
(Thefirsttime…)
17.这款外卖软件给人们提供了一些点奢华饭店食物的机会,这让偏远地区的人感到高兴。
(which)
18.毫无疑问,拥有很多历史遗迹的西安是个伟大的城市。
(where)
19.唐朝时期,长安是丝绸之路的起点,它把中国和世界连接了起来。
(which)
20.正是在特殊时期,我抵制了网络游戏的诱惑,按照自己的节奏学习,才让我培养了自律,并且获得成就和满足感。
(It)
答案
1.Despitethefactthatthereweremanytimeswhenhewantedtogiveupthechallengingresearch,hestillpushedhimselftothelimitandmadeamajorscientificdiscovery.
2.Thefoodhighinsugar,fatandsaltha