全国08年自学考试《英语阅读一》试题.docx

全国08年自学考试《英语阅读一》试题.docx

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全国08年自学考试《英语阅读一》试题

　　全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试

　　英语阅读

（一）试题

　　课程代码：

00595

　　I.CarefulReading.（40points,2pointsforeach）

　　Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagescarefully.DecideonthebestanswersandwritethecorrespondinglettersonyourAnswerSheet.

　　PassageOne

　　Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Althoughnooneiscertainwhymigrationoccurs,thereareseveraltheories.OnetheoryisbaseduponthepremisethatprehistoricbirdsoftheNorthernHemispherewereforcedsouthduringtheIceAge,whenglacierscoveredlargepartsofEurope,Asia,andNorthAmerica.Astheglaciersmelted,thebirdscamebacktotheirhomelands,spentthesummer,andthenwentsouthagainastheiceadvancedinwinter.Intime,themigrationbecameahabit,andnow,althoughtheglaciershavedisappeared,thehabitcontinues.

　　Anothertheoryproposesthattheancestralhomeofallmodernbirdswasthetropics.Whentheregionbecameoverpopulated,manyspecieswerecrowdednorth.Duringthesummer,therewasplentyoffood,butduringthewinter,scarcityforcedthemtoreturntothetropics.

　　Amorerecenttheory,knownasphotoperiodism,suggestsarelationshipbetweenincreasingdaylightandthestimulation,ofcertainglandsinthebirds’bodiesthatmaypreparethemformigration.Onescientisthasbeenabletocausemidwintermigrationsbyexposingbirdstoartificialperiodsofdaylight.Hehasconcludedthatchangesoccurinthebodiesofbirdsduetoseasonalchangesinthelengthofdaylight.

　　1.Accordingtoonetheory,whentheglaciersdisappeared,birds_______.

　　A.stoppedmigratingB.continuedmigrating

　　C.beganmigratingagainD.migratedsouthandstayedthere

　　2.Theauthorstatesthatbirdsleftthetropicsbecause_______.

　　A.therewasnotenoughfoodthereinthewinter

　　B.thereweretoomanybirds

　　C.thereweretoomanyglaciers

　　D.therewastoomuchdaylight

　　3.Whydidonescientistexposebirdstoartificialdaylight?

　　A.Becausehewantedtotesttherelationshipbetweendaylightandchangesintheseason.

　　B.Becausehewantedtotesttherelationshipbetweenmigrationandtemperature.

　　C.Becausehewantedtotesttherelationshipbetweendaylightandmigration.

　　D.Becausehewantedtotesttherelationshipbetweendaylightandadiseaseoftheglandscommontobirds.

　　4.Accordingtothetheoryofphotoperiodism,_______.

　　A.birdsshouldmigrateinthemiddleofthewinter

　　B.increasingdaylightincreasesthedistanceofmigration

　　C.seasonalchangesinthelengthofdaysdonotaffectmigration

　　D.longerdayscausechangesinthebodiesofbirds

　　5.Thispassagesupportsthebeliefthat_______.

　　A.exactreasonsformigrationarenotknown

　　B.birdsmigratebecauseofchangesintemperature

　　C.theancestralhomeofallbirdswasthetropics

　　D.glacierscausedbirdstomigrate

　　PassageTwo

　　Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　WhenChristopherColumbuslandedintheNewWorld,theNorthAmericancontinentwasanareaofastonishingethnicandculturaldiversity.NorthoftheRioGrande,whichnowmarkstheborderbetweentheUnitedStatesandMexico,hasapopulationofover12millionpeoplerepresentingapproximately400distinctcultures,500languages,andaremarkablevarietyofpoliticalandreligiousinstitutionsandphysicalandethnictypes,ComparedtotheEuropeans,theIndianpeopleswereextraordinarilyheterogeneous,andtheyoftenviewedtheEuropeansasjustanothertribe.

　　ThesevariedtribalcultureswereasdiversifiedasthelandtheIndiansinhabited.InthehighplainsoftheDakotas,theMandandevelopedapeacefulcommunalsocietycenteredaroundagriculture.Onlyafewhundredmilesaway,however,innorthwesternMontana,theBlackfeetturnedfromagricultureandbegantousehorses,whichhadbeenintroducedbytheSpaniards.Asskilledriders,theybecamehuntersandfightersanddevelopedafierceandaggressiveculturecenteredaroundthebuffalo.IntheeasternwoodlandssurroundingtheGreatLakes,thePotawatomiswereexpertfishermen,canoebuilders,andhunters.IntheNortheast,thesixIroquoisnationswereamongthemostpoliticallysophisticatedpeopleintheworld,formingthefamedIroquoisConfederation,whichincludedtheSenecasandtheMohawks.Thisconfederation,withitssystemofchecksandbalances,providedamodelfortheUnitedStatesConstitution.

　　6.Abouthowmanydifferentculturesexistedamongthefifteenth-centuryNorthAmericanIndians?

　　A.400.B.500.

　　C.600.D.1200.

　　7.TheMandantribescouldbestbeclassifiedas________.

　　A.huntersB.canoebuilders

　　C.farmersD.fishermen

　　8.Beforetheintroductionofhorses,theBlackfeettribeswere________.

　　A.peacefulfarmersB.aggressivehunters

　　C.fiercewarriorsD.skillfulsailors

　　9.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthelife-stylesofthevariousAmericanIndiantribeswereinfluencedmostby________.

　　A.contactwithothertribesB.environmentalresources

　　C.contactwithEuropeansD.governmentalorganization

　　10.Accordingtothepassage,howwastheorganizationoftheIroquoisConfederationaforerunneroftheUnitedStatesConstitution?

　　A.Itwasaunionofsmallerunits.

　　B.Ithadarepresentativegovernment

　　C.Itsformofgovernmenthadasophisticatedwayofselectingjudges.

　　D.Itspowerwasregulatedbyasystemofchecksandbalances.

　　PassageThree

　　Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Unfortunately,mostofthesciencefictionfilmsofthe1970swerenotmuchinfluencedby2001:

ASpaceOdyssey.SkillfullydirectedbyStanleyKubrick,2001,whichappearedin1968,setnewstandardsforsciencefictionfilms.Duringthenextdecade,everyoneofthedozensofsciencefictionmoviesreleasedwascomparedto2001,andallbutafewwerefoundsadlylacking.

　　Admittedly,Kubrickhadoneofthelargestbudgetseverforafilmofthiskind,but,inmyopinion,muchofthemovie’spowerandappealwasachievedthroughrelativelyinexpensivemeans.Forexample,themusicalscore,whichwasadaptedinlargepartfromwell-knownclassicalcompositions,wasreinforcedbytheuseofalmostkaleidoscopicvisualeffects,especiallyduringthespacetravelsequences.Spectacularcameraworkwaseditedtocorrespondpreciselytotheebbandflowofthemusic.

　　After2001,thedominantthemeofsciencefictionfilmsshiftedfromtheadventuresofspacetraveltotheproblemscreatedonearthbyman’smismanagementofthenaturalenvironmentandtheabuseoftechnologybyatotalitarianstate.Overpopulationandtheaccompanyingshortagesoffoodpromptthestatetoimposeextraordinarycontrolsonitscitizens.Nofewerthantwenty-ninefilmsweremadearoundthisthemeintheyearsbetween1970and1977,includingSurvivorsandChronicles.

　　Intheopinionofthisreviewer,untilStarWarswasreleasedin1977,sciencefictionfilmswerereducedtoshallowsymbolismdisguisingtoagreaterorlesserdegreeaseriesofrepetitiveplots.ButStarWarswasdifferent.Itofferedusareturntoimaginativevoyagesinspaceandconfrontationwithintelligentlifeonotherplanets.Unliketheothersciencefictionfilmsofthedecade,StarWarspresentedtechnologyashavingsolvedratherthanaggravatedecologicalproblems.Thespecialeffectscreatedtosimulatespacevehicleshurtlingthroughtheblacknessoftheuniversewerereminiscentoftheartisticstandardssetby2001.

　　11.Intheauthor’sopinion,mostofthesciencefictionfilmsreleasedinthe1970swere_______.

　　A.betterthan2001:

ASpaceOdyssey

　　B.notasgoodas2001:

ASpaceOdyssey

　　C.almostthesameasStarWars

　　D.betterthanStarWars

　　12.Thethemeofthemajorityofsciencefictionfilmsmadebetween1970and1977was_______.

　　A.spacetravelB.lifeonotherplanets

　　C.ecologicalproblemsonearthD.warsbetweentheearthandotherplanets

　　13.Theauthorbelievesthatthebestsciencefictionmoviemadeinthe1970swas_______.

　　A.2001:

ASpaceOdysseyB.Survivors

　　C.ChroniclesD.StarWars

　　14.Intheauthor’sopinion,whywas2001successful?

　　A.Becauseitsbudgetwaslarge.

　　B.Becauseitscameraworkandmusicalscorewereblendedartistically.

　　C.Becauseitsplotwasrepetitive.

　　D.Becauseitssymbolismwasverygood.

　　15.Whatdoestheauthormostobjecttointhesciencefictionmoviesofthe1970s?

　　A.Heobjectstotheircamerawork.

　　B.Hedoesnotliketheirmusic.

　　C.Hebelievesthattheirstoriesaretoomuchalike.

　　D.Hecriticizestheirspecialeffects.

　　PassageFour

　　Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　AstheSouthwasbeginningtofinditselfaftertheAmericanCivilWar,theNorth,too,focuseditsinterestonthelandsbelowtheMason-DixonLine.NorthernersswarmedovertheSouth:

journalists,agentsofprospectiveinvestors,speculatorswithplansforrailroads,writersanxioustoexposethemselvestoanewenvironment.

　　OneofthesewasConstanceFenimoreWoolson,ayoungwomanfromNewHampshire,agrandnieceofJamesFenimoreCooper,who,likemanyNortherners,wasdrawntotheunhappySouthbyaffection,compassion,admiration,orthecharmofthelifethere.Withhersingulargiftofminuteobservationandatalentforanalysis,herimaginationlingeredovertherelicsoftheancientSouth,thequaintlyemblazonedtabletsandcolonialtombs,thewreckedoldmansionsthatstoodnearby,perhapsinruinedricelands,amiddesolatedfieldsandbrokendikes.SuchwasthedwellingontheGeorgiaseaislandthatsidledandleanedinJupiterLightswithoneofitsrooflesswingsfallingintothecellar.AfterSt.Augustine,Charleston