英语英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧.docx

英语英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧.docx

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英语英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧

【英语】英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Researchfindsoutwhysomepeopleareconstantlyunderattackfromthebloodsuckinginsectswhileotherswalkfree.

   Forthoseunfortunateenoughtofeaturehighlyonthemosquitohitlist,summernightscanbesynonymouswithmosquitobites.Yetothershardlyevergetbitten.Sohowdothebloodthirstyinsectsselecttheirvictims?

   Theinsects'tastesmayseemarbitrary.However,researchshowsthatwhenmosquitoesmaketheirchoicesbetweenpotentialvictims,itallcomesdowntoscent（气味）.

   “Mosquitoesareattractedbycarbondioxideandheat,whicheveryonegivesoff.Butmosquitoesarealsoattractedbycertainscents,”saysKarl-MartinVagnJensen,theheadofresearchattheDepartmentofAgriculturalScienceatArhusUniversity.

   AccordingtoJensen,ithasnotyetbeenconfirmedexactlywhatthescentsinquestionare.Butresearchdoesindicatethatsomescentsaremoreattractivetomosquitoesthanothers.

   “Allthelabemployeesrubbedpetridishes（培养皿）againsttheirstomachs.Inthatway,theirscentswereputonthedishes,whichwerethenputinacontainerfullofmosquitoes,”hesays.“Themosquitoesrepeatedlylandedonsomeofthepetridishes,butdidn'tgoanywhereneartheothers.”

   Perhapstakinginspirationfrompopularfiction,therearealsothosewhoconsidergarlicasanexcellentrepellent（驱虫剂）againstthewingedbloodsuckers.Accordingtotheresearcher,thisstrategymaynotbeentirelyfruitless.“AsfarasIknow,thereisnoscientificproofthateatinggarlicworks.Buttheremaybesomethingtothetheorythatit'spossibletomaskscentwithgarlic,”hesays.Theonlyreliablemethodofprotectionagainstmosquitoesistouserepellentsthataresoldoverthecounter.Itcontainssomesmellsthatcanconfusethemosquitoes.Whenthemosquitocomescloser,itusessmell,heatandcarbondioxidetodecidewhethertobite.Butifitisconfusedbyarepellent,itwillnevergetthatfar.

（1）WhichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephraseunderlinedinParagraph2?

A. Beequalto.             

B. Beaccessibleto.             

C. Beharmfulto.             

D. Bebeneficialto.

（2）Whatcanweinferaboutthescentsattractingmosquitoes?

A. Mosquitoescanbeattractedbyvariousscents.         

B. Somekindsofscentsappealtomosquitoesinparticular.

C. Thelabemployeesusepetridishestodeposittheirscents.         

D. Mosquitoesarearbitrarywhenitcomestodifferentscents.

（3）WhatisthemainideaofthelastParagraph?

A. Anewstrategyisusedinresearchingrepellents.         

B. Garlicisconsideredtobeanexcellentrepellent.

C. Usingrepellentsisaneffectivewayagainstmosquitoes.         

D. Theinspirationagainstmosquitoesisfrompopularfiction.

（4）Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?

A. Sciencefiction.           

B. Abiography.           

C. Amedicalreport.           

D. Aresearchpaper.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，分析了为什么有些人经常受到吸血昆虫的攻击。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“Forthoseunfortunateenoughtofeaturehighlyonthemosquitohitlist,summernightscanbesynonymouswithmosquitobites.”对于那些不幸被蚊子叮咬的人来说，夏夜可以成为蚊子叮咬的同义词。

也就是说“夏夜等同于蚊子的叮咬”，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Mosquitoesareattractedbycarbondioxideandheat,whicheveryonegivesoff.Butmosquitoesarealsoattractedbycertainscents,”可知，某些种类的气味对蚊子尤其有吸引力。

故选B。

（3）考查段落大意。

根据最后一段中的“Theonlyreliablemethodofprotectionagainstmosquitoesistouserepellentsthataresoldoverthecounter.Itcontainssomesmellsthatcanconfusethemosquitoes.”可知，使用驱虫剂是对付蚊子的有效方法。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Researchfindsoutwhysomepeopleareconstantlyunderattackfromthebloodsuckinginsectswhileotherswalkfree.”可知，这篇文章最有可能来自一篇研究论文。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   WhenAndrewKaplanrecalls,hisstoriesleavetheimpressionthathehasmanagedtopackmultiplelivesintoasingleexistence:

Awarreporterinhis20s.anarmymember,asuccessfulbusinessmanand-later.theauthorofnumerousspynovelsandHollywoodscripts.

   Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome"AndyBot"---avirtualpersonwhowillbe:

immortalized（TF5）inthecloudforhundreds,perhapsthousandsofyears

   Ifallgoesaccordingtoplanfuturegenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.

   Someday,Kaplan,whoplayfullyreferstohimselfasapig,mayberememberedasoneoftheworld'sfirstdigitalhumans.

   Fordecades,SiliconValleyfuturistshavesoughttofreehumanityfromthelifecycle.Today,anewgenerationofcompaniesissellingsomeapproximation（近似）ofvirtualimmortality,whichgivespeopletheopportunitytopreserveone'slegacy（遗产）onlineforever.

   Kaplaniseagertobecomeoneoftheworld'sfirstvirtualresidents,partlybecauseheconsiderstheeffortawaytoextendclosedfamilybondsovermultiplegenerations.

   Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss."AndyBot"maybecomeoneoftheworld'sfirst:

meaningfulexamples,raisingcomplexphilosophicalquestionsaboutthenatureofimmortalityandthepurposeofexistenceitself.

（1）Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.TohighlightKaplan'sachievements.

B.Tointroducethetopic--AndyBot.

C.ToarousereadersinterestinKaplan.

D.TointroduceKaplan'slife.

（2）WhydidAndrewKaplanagreetobecomeAndyBot?

A.Hewantedtosharehislifeexperienceaslongaspossible.

B.Hewantedtomakehislovedonerememberhim.

C.Hebelievedthisactionwillhelpwithhisnovels.

D.Hecouldliveinthecloudtocontinuehislife.

（3）WhatmighttheAndyBotdoforfuturegenerations?

A.Hemayusevoicecomputingplatforms.

B.Hemayuseanewbodytogoonliving.

C.Hemayoffersomeguidance.

D.Hemayaskthemquestions.

（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Philosophicalproblemscanbeworkedoutbymodernscience.

B.Peoplecantalkwiththeirlatefamilymembersfreely.

C.Scientistshavemadegreatprogressincomputerscience.

D.Thereisstillalongwayfordigitalhumanstogo.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态----数字人。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知，当安德鲁·卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：

20多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。

主要介绍安德鲁·卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome“AndyBot”---avirtualpersonwhowillbe”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。

Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome‘AndyBot’...avirtualpersonwhowillbe”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。

Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan.futuregenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。

可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Manypeoplehavelongdreamedofbeingabletoflyaroundassimplyasridingabicycle.Yetthesafetyandstrengthofaflyingbikewasalwaysabigproblem.Overthepast10years,developmentsintechnologyhavemovedthedreamofpersonalflyingvehiclesclosertoreality.Now,twogroupsofinventorssaysuchvehiclesmaybeavailablesoon.

   TheBritishcompanyMalloyAeronauticshasdevelopedaprototype（原型）ofitsflyingbicycle.GrantStapleton,marketingsalesdirectorofMalloyAeronautics,saystheHoverbikeisabletogetinandoutofsmallspacesveryquickly."Itcanbemovedacrosscontinentsveryquicklybecauseitcanbefoldedandpacked,"headds.

   Mr.Stapletonsayssafetywasthecompany'smainconcern.Hesaysthedesignerssolvedthesafetyissuebyusingoverlappingrotorstopowerthevehicle.

   Thecompanyistestingafull-sizeprototypeoftheHoverbike,whichwillmostlikelybeusedfirstbythepoliceandemergencyrescueteams.

   InNewZealand,MartinAircraftCompanyisalsotestingafull-sizeprototypeofitspersonalflyingdevice,calledtheJetpack.Itcanflyformorethan30minutes,upto1,000metershighandreachaspeedof74kilometersperhour.

   PeterCokeristheCEOofMartinAircraftCompany.HesaidtheJetpack"isbuiltaroundsafetyfromthestart".Inhiswords,"Reliabilityisthemostimportantelementofit.Wehavesafetybuiltintotheactualstructureitself,verysimilartoaFormulaOneracingcar.

   TheJetpackusesagasoline-poweredenginethatproducestwopowerfuljetstreams.Mr.Cokersaysitalsohasaparachutethatwouldbeused,i