汉英翻译中的归化与异化分析.docx

汉英翻译中的归化与异化分析.docx

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汉英翻译中的归化与异化分析

AnAnalysisofDomesticationandForeignizationinChinese-EnglishTranslation

Abstract

GuoMoruooncesaidtranslationissuchacreativeworkthatagoodtranslationcanbeequalto,mayevenexceed,theoriginalcreation.Itisneveramediocrejob,andcansometimesmoredifficultthancreation.Inwriting,oneshallberichexperienced;while,intranslating,onehastotastethelifetheauthorexperienced.

Incontemporaryworld,inter-translationbetweentwodifferentlanguagesisplayingamoreandmorecrucialroleindomestic&internationalcommunicationwiththedevelopmentofeconomyandsociety.Translationtheories,bothinthewesterncountriesandinChina,havebeenactinganindelibleeffectduringthelong-termacademicexchanges.However,peoplehaveinsufficientknowledgetotranslationortranslationtheoryinthecurrent.TheviewpointondomesticationandforeignizationputforwardbyVenutiinTheTranslator'sInvisibility:

AHistoryofTranslationhasmadehugecontributionstotheunderstandingoftranslation.However,thetranslatedworkofthesameoneisvarioustodiversetranslators,justlikethewordsgoes:

thereareathousandHamletsinthousandpeople’seyes.Amongthesundryversions,wewouldalwaysdiscoverthefinedistinctionthroughcarefulandconsiderablereading.

Domesticationandforeignizationaretwodistincttranslationstrategies.Thispaperpresentstherelationofsupplementingeachother,andemphasizesonthedescriptionofthedistinctembodimentofthetwodifferenttheoriesininter-translationofChineseandEnglish,todiscussthesimilaritiesanddifferencesandinfluencesinordertofurtherimprovetranslationundertakings.

Keywords:

domestication;foreignization;similaritiesanddifferences;influences;embodiment

摘要

郭沫若先生曾说：

翻译是一种创造性工作，好的翻译等于创作，甚至还可能超过创作。

这不是一件平庸的工作，有时候翻译比创作还要困难。

创作要有生活体验，翻译却要体验别人体验的生活。

在当代，随着经济与社会的发展，跨语言间的互译在国内及国际交往中发挥着越来越重要的作用。

中西方的翻译理论在长期的学术交流中发挥着不可磨灭的作用。

然而当前人们对于翻译或者相关的翻译理论认识却不足。

韦努蒂先生在《译者的隐身》一文中提出了归化和异化的观点，使人们对翻译的认识有了一个很大的进步。

然而对同一作品各个译家翻译也不同，正如那句话说的：

一千个人眼里有一千个哈姆雷特。

在各种版本的译文中，细心研读我们总可以发现细微不同。

归化和异化是处理语言风格与文化差异的两种不同的翻译策略，本文用实例展示了两者在翻译过程中相辅相成、并用互补与共存的辩证统一的关系，着重从两种不同的翻译方法在中英双语互译时的不同体现描述，探讨异同以促进翻译事业的进步。

关键词：

异化；归化；异同；影响；体现

Contents

Chapter1Introduction

Thecommunicationamongthecountrieshasbecomemuchmoreimportantthaneveralongwiththeeconomicdevelopmentoftheglobe.Translation,especiallybetweencross-languagetranslation,hasbeenplayingacrucialroleinpromotingthecooperationandculturalexchangeasawaytocommunication.Therelationofdomesticationandforeignization,asastrategyandmeans,oncepuzzledmanytranslators.Ithasbeendiscussedinarticlesissuedonthedomesticandforeignlanguagejournalsormagazines,thosearticlesarededicatedintothediscussionthatthetwostrategiesshallbeappliedintothetranslationandthepractice.Someofthemoperatefromastrategicallyadvantageousposition,makingasummaryfromtherespectofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation,nomatterinwhatrespecttheyhavemadegreatcontributiontobroadenthestudyofdomesticationandforeignization.

Andyet,therestillexistsomemisunderstandingsinthediscussionamongtranslators.Schleiermacherbelievesthattranslationcanbedividedintotwomethods:

oneisleavetheauthorinpeace,asmuchaspossible,andmovethereadertowardtheauthor;anotherisleavethereaderinpeace,asmuchaspossible,movetheauthortowardthereader.InChina,theprinciple–faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance-proposedbyYanFuhasagreatinfluenceonChinesetranslators.Whilein1987,LiuKaiyingpublishedthearticle–Domestication–Translator’sAstrayinModernForeignLanguage,pointingthatdomesticationisanastraywhentranslating,thusheenergeticallyadvocatedtheforeignizingtranslation.Onthecontrary,CaiPinghelddifferentideathatdomesticationshouldmainlybethestrategytotranslation,believingthatthepurposeoftranslationiscommunicationinordertomakethereadersunderstandtheoriginalmeaning,thusdomesticatingtranslationcanbedeterminedbytheessenceandpurposeofthetranslation.

Besides,someholdtheideathatdomesticationandforeignizationareequaltoliteraltranslationandfreetranslation,wronglyrealizedthattherelationsofliteraturestrategy&culturalideologyandlanguagestrategy&translationskill,whichmayimpedetheresearchofdomesticationandforeignization.

Thepapercanbedividedintofiveparts.Thefirstpartistheintroductionwhichpresentsthebackgroundandthepurposeofthestudy.Inthesecondpart,somerelevantissuesonthedefinitionoftranslation,domesticationandforeignizationarediscussed.Inthethirdpart,therelationsbetweendomesticationandforeignizationandtheirinfluencesontranslationundertakingsarerepresented.Inthefourthpart,domesticationandforeignizationareexemplifiedbasedonsomeclassicmasterpieces.Thelastpartistheconclusion.

Chapter2DebateonDomesticationandForeignization

ThewesterntranslationtheoryhasbeenmuchdevelopedandvariedsincethebeginningofCiceroandHoratius,meanwhile,thetranslationtheoryofChinacanbetracedbacktoZhoudynasty,andithasbeenmorethan2000yearssincetheappearanceofthefirsttranslationofthepoem–TheSongofYuePeople.However,thedefinitionisvariousindifferentagesandamongdistinctschools,thusaquestioncanneverbeignoredandavoidediswhattranslationis.

ItisdefinedinsuchawayinCihai（adictionaryonChineselanguage）:

Translationisthatconveyawordorlanguagebyusingthemeaningofanotherone.

InConciseOxfordEnglishDictionary,translationisdefined:

a.theactofaninstanceoftranslating.b.awrittenorspokenexpressionofthemeaningofaword,speech,book,etc.inanotherlanguage.

EugeneNidabelieves:

Translationistousethemostappropriate,naturalandequivalentlanguagetoreproducethesourcelanguagemessagefromthesemantictothestylistic.SusanBassnetholdstheopinionthattranslationisofcoursearewritingofanoriginaltext.

InChina,thewidelyacceptedtranslationtheoryistheoneproposedbyMr.YanFu–faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance.Whileinwesterncountries,LawrenceVenutimadegreatcontributiontomakepeoplebetterunderstandtheworkoftranslationbyputtingforward–domesticationandforeigniztion.

2.1DefinitionofDomesticationandForeignization

LawrenceVenuti,afamousAmericantranslator,wasthefirstpersontointroducedomesticationandforeignizationinhisbook-TheTranslator'sInvisibility:

AHistoryofTranslation.Hesaidthat"foreignizationisanapproachthatthetranslatorleavestheauthorinpeaceasmuchaspossible,andmovesthereadertowardshim";whiledomesticationisonethatthetranslator"leavesthereaderinpeaceasmuchaspossible,andmovestheauthortowardshim"[1]inthebook.Bydevelopingthesetwoterms,Venutimeanttoargueagainstthetendencyofthetransparenttranslationandinvisibilityofthetranslator.Thus,itcanbeconcludedthatdomesticationreferstothetarget-culture-orientedtranslationinwhichunusualexpressionstothetargetcultureareexploitedandturnedintosomefamiliaronessoastomakethetranslatedtextintelligibleandeasyforthetargetreaders,whileforeignizationisasource-culture-orientedtranslationwhichstrivestopreservetheforeignflavorasmuchaspossibleinordertotransferthesourcelanguageandcultureintothetargetone.

2.2DebateonDomesticationandForeignization

Thedebateonforeignizationordomesticationcanbeviewedastheextensionofthedebateon"literaltranslation"and"freetranslation".Aliteraltranslationisatranslationthatfollowscloselynotonlythecontentbutalsotheformofthesourcelanguage.Itisalsoknownasword-for-wordtranslation,andtranslatorsengagedinliteralismhavebeenwillingtosacrificetheformalelementsofthetargetlanguageandeventheintelligibilityofthetargetlanguagetextforthesakeofpreservingwhattheyregardastheintegrityofthesourcetext.Whilethosewhofavorfreetranslationhavequiteoftenchosentosacrificetheformofthesourcelanguageforthesakeofeleganceandintelligibilityinthetargetlanguage.

Thetwopairsofstrategiessharesomesimilarities.literaltranslationandforeignizationputemphasisonthelinguisticandstylisticfeaturesofthesourcetext,andthetargettexttranslatedinthesewaysmaynotbeverysmoothinlanguageandthecontentmaynotbefamiliartothetargetreaders,sotheymayfeelforeignwhenreadingthetranslation,whilefreetranslationanddomesticationpaymoreattentiontothetargetaudience,becauseofthesmoothsentences,thefamiliarexpressionsandculturalphenomena,sometimesthetargetreadersmaynotrealizethattheyareactuallyreadingatranslatedtextfromanotherculture.However,thisdoesnotmeanthetwopairsarejustone.Therearesomedifferencesbetweenthem.Whenatranslatorresortstoeitherliteraltranslatingmethodorfreetranslatingmethod,heputshisattentionmainlytothelinguisticfactorsofthesourcetextandtrieshisutmosttokeeptheoriginalmeaninginthetargettext.Butwiththedevelopmentofthetranslationstudies,plentyoftranslatorsandtheoristshaverealizedthattranslationisafarmorecomplicatedactivitywithvariouscultural,poetic,politicalaswellaseconomicfactorsrelatedtoit.Therefore,foreignizationanddomesticationareapairofnewtranslationstrategieswhicharemorecomplexandextensivethanliteraltranslationandfreetranslationmethod.

Domesticationandforeignization,onacertaindegree,arecomplementarytoeachotherandadialecticalunity.