新世纪大学英语2册U1B2 4.docx
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新世纪大学英语2册U1B24
1.DifficultSentences
1.（Para.1）Thereseemstobeanaturalcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenoptimismandsuccess.
Canyouanalyzethecause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenoptimismandsuccess?
（=Ifyouexpectgoodthingstohappen,theyusuallydo.）
2.（Para.2）Optimismandpessimismarewithpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewant,soastoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.
Whyshouldeachofuschoosebetweenoptimismandpessimismtoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations?
（=Becausethereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone’slife,whichservesasarationalbasisforustochooseeitheroptimismorpessimism.）
3.（Para.2）Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone’slife—amplesorrowandhappiness,sufficientjoyandpain—tofindarationalbasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.
TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
（=每个人的生命中都有足够的幸运与不幸——丰富的哀伤和喜悦、充足的欢欣与痛苦——令我们找到或乐观或悲观的理由。
）
4.（Para.3）Ichoosetohighlightthepositiveandsliprightoverthenegative.
Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?
（=Theauthorchoosestobeanoptimistratherthanapessimist.）
5.（Para.3）Butwhenallissaidanddone,Ifindthatthegoodinlifeisfargreaterandmoreimportantthanthebad.
Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthissentence?
（=Havingexperiencedsomanydifficultiesandcrises,theauthorbelievesthatthegoodinlifeisfargreaterandmoreimportantthanthebad.）
TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
（=但是，当一切尘埃落定，我发现生命中的美好远比丑恶多。
）
6.（Para.4）Conversely,negativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsfeedonthemselves;theybecomeaself-fulfillingprophecy.
Whydoestheauthorsaynegativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsbecomeaself-fulfillingprophecy?
（=Thereseemstobeanaturalcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenpessimismandfailure.Ifyouexpectsomethingtoturnoutbad,itprobablywill.）
TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
（=反过来，悲观的想法、态度和期待也会自成因果：
它们是能自我实现的预言。
）
7.（Para.5）Thatseemedlikeanoddquestion,butIfeltfineandtoldhimso.
Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthissentence?
（=Theauthorwasfeelinggreatonthatbeautifulday.Althoughhewasabitsurprisedtoheartheattendant’squestion,hestilltellshimthefact.）
8.（Para.9）Optimismdoesn’tneedtobenaive.
Whatdoesthissentenceimply?
（=Tobeoptimisticdoesn’tmeantobesimple-mindedorhappyblindly.）
9.（Para.10）Optimismdrawsourattentionawayfromnegativismandchannelsitintopositive,constructivethinking.
Paraphrasethissentence.
（=Ifwetakeanoptimisticattitudetowardslife,wewilllookonthepositivesideofthesituationandgraduallycultivateapositiveandconstructivewayofthinking.）
TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
（=乐观精神使我们的注意力从消极的否定态度转向积极的、建设性的思考。
）
2.WordsandExpressions
1.inreverse:
intheoppositewaytonormalortotheprevioussituation
USvideorecorderscannotplayEuropeantapes,andthesameappliesinreverse.
2.（Para.2）shape:
v.
1）influencesth.suchasabelief,opinion,etc.andmakeitdevelopinaparticularway
People’spoliticalbeliefsareshapedbywhattheyseeinthepapers.
Itistruethatapeople’scharacteris,toagreatextent,shapedbytheenvironmenttheylivein.
2）makesth.haveaparticularshape,especiallybypressingit
（插入图片birdnest）
Thebirdshapeditsnestfrommudandsticks.
Childrenshapedthesandintoamoundonthebeach.
（插入声音文件shape）
（=Wewatchedinamazementassheshapedtheclayintoapot.）
3.（Para.2）ample:
adj.
1）morethanenough
Thereisanamplesupplyofconsumergoods.
Thedirectorofthecompanyreceivesanamplesalary.
2）（literary）largeinawaythatisattractiveorpleasant
他胸怀广阔。
（=He’sgotanamplebosom.）
4.（Para.2）bless:
v.askGodtoprotectsb.orsth.;haveaspecialability,goodquality,etc.
（插入图片Jesus）
TheybroughtthechildrentoJesusandheblessedthem.
Wewerebothblessedwithgoodhealth.
（插入声音文件）
（=Insomecountries,thepriestblessesthefieldsbeforeseedissown.）
愿上帝保佑你。
（=MayGodblessyou.）
Pattern:
beblessedwithsth.
N.B.注意该词的词性变化，它的名词与形容词分别为：
blessing和blessed。
5.（Para.2）curse:
1.v.
1）sayorthinkbadthingsaboutsb.orsth.becausetheyhavemadeyouangry
Hecursed（at）hisbadluck.
Shecursedhimforruiningherlife.
2）swear
Gilbertwascursingunderhisbreath.
2.n.
1）aswearwordorwordsthatyousaybecauseyouareveryangry
Hemutteredacurseunderhisbreath.
2）sth.thatcausestrouble,harm,etc.
（插入图片mice）
Miceareacurseinthecountry.
Gamblingisoftenacurse.
他的财富最后害了他。
（=Hiswealthprovedacursetohim.）
6.（Para.2）perspective:
n.
1）awayofthinkingaboutsth.,especiallyonewhichisinfluencedbythetypeofpersonyouareorbyyourexperiences
Youhavethewrongperspectiveonthatsituation.
Heviewseverythingfromapoliticalperspective.
（插入声音文件）
（=Thedeathofhisfathereightmonthsagohasgivenhimanewperspectiveonlife.）
2）asensiblewayofjudgingandcomparingsituationssothatyoudonotimaginethatsth.ismoreseriousthanitreallyis
Shewasundersuchstressthatshelostallsenseofperspective.
Wemustkeepasenseofperspectiveaboutwhathe’sdone.
7.（Para.2）view:
v.
1）thinkaboutsth.orsb.inaparticularway
Iviewhisactionasabreachoftrust.
2）lookatsth.,especiallybecauseitisbeautifuloryouareinterestedinit
Themountainisbestviewedfromthenorthside.
Collocations:
viewsth.assth.
viewsth.fromsth.
8.（Para.3）highlight:
1.v.makeaproblemorsubjecteasytonoticesothatpeoplepayattentiontoit
Thereporthighlightstheproblemsoftheunemployed.
（插入声音文件highlight）
（=Iwouldliketohighlightthreechallengesintheprocessofthedevelopmentofculturaltraditions.）
2.n.themostimportant,interesting,orenjoyablepartofsth.suchasaholiday,performance,orsportscompetition
ThehighlightsofthematchwillbeshownonTVtonight,
DavidBeckhamviewedthatseasonasthehighlightofhiscareer.
她的表演是那场演出中最精彩的部分。
（=Herperformancewasthehighlightoftheshow.）
9.（Para.3）livethrough:
experiencedifficultordangerousconditions
Hehaslivedthroughtwowarsandthreerevolutions.
Thegeneralhaslivedthroughmorethanfivetimesofmurdering.
10.（Para.4）conversely:
adv.usedwhenonesituationistheoppositeofanother
Youcanaddthefluidtothepowderor,conversely,thepowdertothefluid.
Americanconsumerspreferwhiteeggs;conversely,Britishbuyerslikebrowneggs.
11.（Para.4）feedon/upon:
ifafeelingorprocessfeedsonsth.,itbecomesstrongerbecauseofit;ifananimalfeedsonaparticularfood,itusuallyeatsthatfood
Birdsfeedonseedsandberries.
（插入图片cattle）
Cattlefeedchieflyongrass.
Hatredfeedsonenvy.
（=因妒生恨。
）
CF:
feed,nourish,nurture&supply
这些动词均含有“供养、提供、抚养”之意
feed普通用词，含义广泛。
既可指给人或动物提供食物，又可指给植物以养料或为机器等加燃料等。
nourish指提供生长、健康或维持生存所必需的食物或养料，尤指用促进生长的营养品。
句中事物名称往往做该动词的主语。
nurture表示在幼儿、幼苗的成长过程中予以细心的照料、保护或者可以指帮助计划、想法、感情等发展。
supply表示提供所需物品。
（Directions:
）Fillintheblankswiththefourwordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.
1.Milk,eggs,andmeat_______thebodiesofgrowingboysandgirls.（=nourish）
2.Itismother’sdutyto_______herchildren.（=nurture）
3.Mostlargetownsare________withelectricity.（=supplied）
4.Thefarmer’swife_______cattleandsheepeverymorning.（=feeds）
5.Wewanttothenewproject,notdestroyit.（=nurture）
12.（Para.5）odd:
adj.differentfromwhatisnormalorexpected,especiallyinawaythatyoudisapproveoforcannotunderstand
Shegetsodderasshegrowsolder.
Wealwaysmeetinoddcircumstances.
CF:
strange,odd,peculiar&curious
这些形容词均含有“奇怪的，奇异的，新奇的、好奇的”之意。
strange普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生新奇的、奇怪的人或物。
例如：
Thedoctorthoughtherstrangebehaviorwascausedbystress.
odd通常指不同寻常或者出乎意料之外的人或事物，往往令人困惑或感到奇怪。
例如：
Heisratheranoddman.
peculiar常指因为觉得陌生或者不熟悉而感到有点奇怪。
例如：
Thisfoodhasgotapeculiartaste.
curious通常指非常奇特从而能引起人们的好奇心。
例如：
Itisacuriousfactthatheneverworksbuthasplentyofmoney.
13.（Para.6）pullover:
drivetothesideoftheroadandstopyourcar,ortomakesb.elsedothis
Pull（yourcar）overandletmepass!
14.（L41）pickup:
getanillness
IpickedupaviruswhileIwasinAmerica.
（Directions:
）Matchthedefinitionswiththesentences.
1）letsb.getintoyourcar
2）learnsth.
3）catch（anillness）
4）recover;regain
5）getsth.
6）improve;becomebetter
1.Wecanpickuptheticketsanhourbeforetheplaybegins.（=5）
2.Unfortunately,manychildrenpickeduptheflu.（=3）
3.Theeconomyisstartingtopickupnow.（=6）
4.ShepickedupquitealotofFrenchwhenshelivedinFrance.（=2）
5.You’llsoonpickuphealthwhenyougettotheseaside.（=4）
6.Hepickedupthechildandputheronhisshoulder.（=1）
15.（Para.7）figureout:
thinkaboutaproblemorsituationuntilyoufindtheanswerorunderstandwhathashappened
Ican’tfigureoutwhyhequithisjob.
Haveyoufigureoutwhat’swrongwithyourcar?
我试图弄明白出了什么事。
（=Iwastryingtofigureoutwhatwashappening.）
16.（Para.7）reflect:
v.
1）ifasurfacereflectslight,heat,orsound,itsendsbackthelight,etc.thatreachesit;ifapersonorathingisreflectedinamirror,glass,orwater,youcanseeanimageofthepersonorthingonthesurfaceofthemirror,glass,orwater
（插入图片treereflected）
Lookatthetreesreflectedinthelake.
Thesightofmyfacereflectedinthemirrorneverpleasesme.
（插入声音文件reflect）
（=Althoughplanetsgiveoffnolightoftheirown,theyreflectthelightfromthesunandlooklikestarsatnight.）
2）showorbeasignofaparticularsit
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