新世纪大学英语2册U1B2 4.docx

1、新世纪大学英语2册U1B2 41. Difficult Sentences1. (Para. 1) There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success. Can you analyze the cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success?(=If you expect good things to happen, they usually do.)2. (Para. 2) Optimism and p

2、essimism are with powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want, so as to shape our outlook and our expectations. Why should each of us choose between optimism and pessimism to shape our outlook and our expectations? (=Because there is enough good and bad in everyones life, which serves

3、as a rational basis for us to choose either optimism or pessimism.)3. (Para. 2) There is enough good and bad in everyones life ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=每个人的生命中都有足够的幸运与不幸丰富的哀伤

4、和喜悦、充足的欢欣与痛苦令我们找到或乐观或悲观的理由。)4. (Para. 3) I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative. What can we infer from this sentence? (=The author chooses to be an optimist rather than a pessimist.)5. (Para. 3) But when all is said and done, I find that the good in life is far greater

5、and more important than the bad. What is the implied meaning of this sentence? (=Having experienced so many difficulties and crises, the author believes that the good in life is far greater and more important than the bad.) Translate this sentence into Chinese. （=但是，当一切尘埃落定，我发现生命中的美好远比丑恶多。）6. (Para.

6、 4) Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Why does the author say negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations become a self-fulfilling prophecy? (=There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between pes

7、simism and failure. If you expect something to turn out bad, it probably will.) Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=反过来，悲观的想法、态度和期待也会自成因果：它们是能自我实现的预言。)7. (Para. 5) That seemed like an odd question, but I felt fine and told him so. What is the implied meaning of this sentence? (=The author was fe

8、eling great on that beautiful day. Although he was a bit surprised to hear the attendants question, he still tells him the fact. )8. (Para. 9) Optimism doesnt need to be naive. What does this sentence imply? (=To be optimistic doesnt mean to be simple-minded or happy blindly.) 9. (Para. 10) Optimism

9、 draws our attention away from negativism and channels it into positive, constructive thinking. Paraphrase this sentence. (=If we take an optimistic attitude towards life, we will look on the positive side of the situation and gradually cultivate a positive and constructive way of thinking. ) Transl

10、ate this sentence into Chinese. (=乐观精神使我们的注意力从消极的否定态度转向积极的、建设性的思考。)2. Words and Expressions 1. in reverse: in the opposite way to normal or to the previous situation US video recorders cannot play European tapes, and the same applies in reverse. 2. (Para.2) shape: v.1) influence sth. such as a belie

11、f, opinion, etc. and make it develop in a particular way Peoples political beliefs are shaped by what they see in the papers. It is true that a peoples character is, to a great extent, shaped by the environment they live in.2) make sth. have a particular shape, especially by pressing it （插入图片bird ne

12、st） The bird shaped its nest from mud and sticks. Children shaped the sand into a mound on the beach. (插入声音文件shape) (=We watched in amazement as she shaped the clay into a pot.)3. (Para. 2) ample: adj.1) more than enough There is an ample supply of consumer goods. The director of the company receive

13、s an ample salary.2) (literary) large in a way that is attractive or pleasant 他胸怀广阔。 (=Hes got an ample bosom.)4. (Para. 2) bless: v. ask God to protect sb. or sth.; have a special ability, good quality, etc. （插入图片Jesus） They brought the children to Jesus and he blessed them. We were both blessed wi

14、th good health. （插入声音文件） (=In some countries, the priest blesses the fields before seed is sown.) 愿上帝保佑你。 (=May God bless you.)Pattern: be blessed with sth.N.B. 注意该词的词性变化，它的名词与形容词分别为：blessing和blessed。5. (Para. 2) curse:1. v.1) say or think bad things about sb. or sth. because they have made you angr

15、y He cursed (at) his bad luck. She cursed him for ruining her life. 2) swearGilbert was cursing under his breath.2. n.1) a swear word or words that you say because you are very angry He muttered a curse under his breath.2) sth. that causes trouble, harm, etc. （插入图片mice） Mice are a curse in the count

16、ry. Gambling is often a curse. 他的财富最后害了他。 (=His wealth proved a curse to him.)6. (Para. 2) perspective: n.1) a way of thinking about sth., especially one which is influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiences You have the wrong perspective on that situation. He views everything fro

17、m a political perspective. （插入声音文件） (=The death of his father eight months ago has given him a new perspective on life.)2) a sensible way of judging and comparing situations so that you do not imagine that sth. is more serious than it really is She was under such stress that she lost all sense of pe

18、rspective. We must keep a sense of perspective about what hes done.7. (Para. 2) view: v. 1) think about sth. or sb. in a particular way I view his action as a breach of trust.2) look at sth., especially because it is beautiful or you are interested in it The mountain is best viewed from the north si

19、de.Collocations: view sth. as sth.view sth. from sth.8. (Para.3) highlight: 1. v. make a problem or subject easy to notice so that people pay attention to it The report highlights the problems of the unemployed. （插入声音文件highlight） (= I would like to highlight three challenges in the process of the de

20、velopment of cultural traditions. )2. n. the most important, interesting, or enjoyable part of sth. such as a holiday, performance, or sports competition The highlights of the match will be shown on TV tonight, David Beckham viewed that season as the highlight of his career. 她的表演是那场演出中最精彩的部分。 (=Her

21、performance was the highlight of the show. )9. (Para.3) live through: experience difficult or dangerous conditions He has lived through two wars and three revolutions. The general has lived through more than five times of murdering.10. (Para. 4) conversely: adv. used when one situation is the opposi

22、te of another You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the fluid. American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs. 11. (Para. 4) feed on / upon: if a feeling or process feeds on sth., it becomes stronger because of it; if an animal feeds on a

23、 particular food, it usually eats that food Birds feed on seeds and berries. （插入图片cattle）Cattle feed chiefly on grass. Hatred feeds on envy. (=因妒生恨。)CF: feed, nourish, nurture & supply这些动词均含有“供养、提供、抚养”之意feed普通用词，含义广泛。既可指给人或动物提供食物，又可指给植物以养料或为机器等加燃料等。nourish指提供生长、健康或维持生存所必需的食物或养料，尤指用促进生长的营养品。句中事物名称往往做

24、该动词的主语。nurture表示在幼儿、幼苗的成长过程中予以细心的照料、保护或者可以指帮助计划、想法、感情等发展。supply表示提供所需物品。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the four words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Milk, eggs, and meat _ the bodies of growing boys and girls. (=nourish)2. It is mothers duty to _ her children. (=nurture)3. Most lar

25、ge towns are _ with electricity. (=supplied)4. The farmers wife _ cattle and sheep every morning. (=feeds)5. We want to the new project, not destroy it. (=nurture)12. (Para. 5) odd: adj. different from what is normal or expected, especially in a way that you disapprove of or cannot understand She ge

26、ts odder as she grows older. We always meet in odd circumstances.CF: strange, odd, peculiar & curious这些形容词均含有“奇怪的，奇异的，新奇的、好奇的”之意。strange普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生新奇的、奇怪的人或物。例如：The doctor thought her strange behavior was caused by stress. odd通常指不同寻常或者出乎意料之外的人或事物，往往令人困惑或感到奇怪。例如：He is rather an odd man. peculiar常指

27、因为觉得陌生或者不熟悉而感到有点奇怪。例如：This food has got a peculiar taste. curious通常指非常奇特从而能引起人们的好奇心。例如：It is a curious fact that he never works but has plenty of money. 13. (Para. 6) pull over: drive to the side of the road and stop your car, or to make sb. else do this Pull (your car) over and let me pass!14. (L41

28、) pick up: get an illness I picked up a virus while I was in America.(Directions:) Match the definitions with the sentences.1) let sb. get into your car2) learn sth.3) catch (an illness)4) recover; regain5) get sth.6) improve; become better1. We can pick up the tickets an hour before the play begins

29、. (=5)2. Unfortunately, many children picked up the flu. (=3)3. The economy is starting to pick up now. (=6)4. She picked up quite a lot of French when she lived in France. (=2)5. Youll soon pick up health when you get to the seaside. (=4)6. He picked up the child and put her on his shoulder. (=1)15

30、. (Para.7) figure out: think about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happened I cant figure out why he quit his job. Have you figure out whats wrong with your car? 我试图弄明白出了什么事。 (=I was trying to figure out what was happening.)16. (Para. 7) reflect: v.1) if a sur

31、face reflects light, heat, or sound, it sends back the light, etc. that reaches it; if a person or a thing is reflected in a mirror, glass, or water, you can see an image of the person or thing on the surface of the mirror, glass, or water （插入图片tree reflected）Look at the trees reflected in the lake. The sight of my face reflected in the mirror never pleases me. （插入声音文件reflect） (=Although planets give off no light of their own, they reflect the light from the sun and look like stars at night.)2) show or be a sign of a particular sit