普通高等学校招生全国统一考试I卷.docx
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普通高等学校招生全国统一考试I卷
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(I卷)
新东方郑州学校高中英语教研组
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题题:
每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Washington,D.C.BicycleTours
CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
Duration:
3hours
Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington.D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom,Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear!
WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour
Duration:
3-hours(4miles)
JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashingtonD.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstopGuidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.
CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C
Duration:
3hours
MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.CnewcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthyway:
withminimumeffortKnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents.Congress,memorials,andparks,Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.
WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour
Duration:
3hours(7miles)
JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashingtonD.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall,Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.
21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?
A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.
C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashingtonD.C.
D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.
22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?
A.Meetfamouspeople.
B.Gotoanationalpark.
C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.
D.Enjoyinterestingstories.
23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?
A.Citymaps.
B.Cameras.
C.Meals.
D.Safetylights.
21.
【答案】A
【解析】细节题。
根据题干中的定位词“needtobookinadvance”找到第一段中“reserveyourspotbeforeavailability”,同义替换,都表示“提前预定”。
故选A。
22.
【答案】D
【解析】细节题。
根据题干中的定位词“CapitalCityBikeTour”找到题目对应范围为第三段。
只有D选项“enjoyinterestingstories”和第三段中的“Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstories…”对应。
故选D。
23.
【答案】D
【解析】细节题。
根据题干中的定位词“thebicycletouratnightprovide”找到题目对应最后一段。
只有D选项“safetylights”和最后一行中的“safetylights”对应。
故选D。
B
GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.
InSaveMoney:
GoodFood.shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack.11.
"WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay£5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves”.
Theeight-partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:
GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:
GoodHealthy,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.
Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.
24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?
A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.
B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.
C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.
D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.
25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?
A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.
B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.
C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.
D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.
26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?
A.Summarizethepreviousparagraph.
B.Providesomeadviceforthereader.
C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.
D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.
27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart.
B.BalancingOurDailyDiet.
C.MakingyouaPerfectChef.
D.CookingWellforLess.
24.
【答案】B
【解析】细节题。
根据第一段中“SusannaReidisuesdto…,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtoprepare…”可知SusannaReid现在有一个新的角色。
对应B选项,她开始了一个新的节目。
故选B。
25.
【答案】C
【解析】细节题。
根据题干中定位词“MattTebbutt”找到题目对应的是第二段“MattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday”(MattTebbutt提供了如何减少食物浪费的技巧和5英镑以内的家庭日常食谱)。
对应C选项,在烹饪方面帮助她。
故选C
26.
【答案】C
【解析】推断题。
题干问作者写第四段的意图。
根据第四段“Theeight-partseries,SaveMoney:
GoodFood…GoodHealth…”作者介绍了这八期系列节目的其他期节目,对应C选项,加入了一些背景信息。
27.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨题,选择最佳标题。
根据文章第一段的内容“showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget”(展示如何以低预算来准备美味营养的食物),对应D选项Cookingwellforless。
C
Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12.00languagesbetweenthem.
Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish.SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbersEuropehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1000.Africa2.400andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.The
mediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld‘slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.
Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers).ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):
noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?
A.Theydevelopedveryfast.
B.Theywerelargeinnumber.
C.Theyhadsimilarpatters.
D.Theywerecloselyconnected.
29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominantunderlinedinparagraph2?
A.Complex.
B.Advanced.
C.Powerful.
D.Modem.
30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?
A.About6,800.
B.About3,400.
C.About2,400.
D.About1,200.
31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.
B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.
C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.
D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.
28.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题,根据题干中的hunter-gatherer可以定位到文章第一段中的Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpattersofspeechindependentofeachother.可知在打猎时代每个群组都有自己的交流方式,而且彼此独立。
所以B答案是对的,语言的数量很大。
29.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。
A.以为复杂的,B.先进的,高等的,C.强大的,D.现代化的。
根据题干可定位到文章的第二段的第五行,…allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.在近几个世纪由于贸易,工业,单一民族国家的发展,全宇宙义务教育的传播尤其是全球化,和在过去的几十年中的友好交流,导致很多语言逐步消失,英语,西班牙语,和汉语这些强大的语言逐步占据主导地位。
从而选择C。
30.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。
根据题干中的数字6000.可定位到文章第三段的倒数第二行,Themediannumberofspeakerisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.世界上语言的的一半也就是第三段第一行提到的6800的一半,所以选择B。
31.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。
根据文章首末段可知,该文章主要讲解人类的发展导致语言的逐步消亡,或者减少。
因此选择C。
D
Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.
Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwetopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefi