考研英语真题及答案.docx

考研英语真题及答案.docx

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考研英语真题及答案

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，C，andDonANSWERSHEET1（10points）

By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million1ofthesenationslooked2tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism，manyoftheleadersofindependence3theideasofrepresentativegovernment，careers4totalent，freedomofcommerceandtrade，the5toprivateproperty，andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety，6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates，largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7setoflaws.

Ontheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch，9，therewaslessagreement10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown，12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates，somesoughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15fortheconservativeforces.

Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian，valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain's17colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.

1.[A]natives　[B]inhabitants　[C]peoples　[D]individuals

2.[A]confusedly　[B]cheerfully　[C]worriedly　[D]hopefully

3.[A]shared　[B]forgot　[C]attained　[D]rejected

4.[A]related　[B]close　[C]open　[D]devoted

5.[A]access　[B]succession　[C]right　[D]return

6.[A]Presumably　[B]Incidentally　[C]Obviously　[D]Generally

7.[A]unique　[B]common　[C]particular　[D]typical

8.[A]freedom　[B]origin　[C]impact　[D]reform

9.[A]therefore　[B]however　[C]indeed　[D]moreover

10.[A]with　[B]about　[C]among　[D]by

11.[A]allowed　[B]preached　[C]granted　[D]funded

12.[A]Since　[B]If　[C]Unless　[D]While

13.[A]as　[B]for　[C]under　[D]against

14.[A]spread　[B]interference　[C]exclusion　[D]influence

15.[A]support　[B]cry　[C]plea　[D]wish

16.[A]urged　[B]intended　[C]expected　[D]promised

17.[A]controlling　[B]former　[C]remaining　[D]original

18.[A]slower　[B]faster　[C]easier　[D]tougher

19.[A]created　[B]produced　[C]contributed　[D]preferred

20.[A]puzzledby　[B]hostileto　[C]pessimisticabout　[D]unpreparedfo

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B，CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006'sWorldCuptournamentyouwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirkelitesoccerlatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks，youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.

Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon？

Hereareafewguesses：

a）certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills.b）winter-bornbathestendtohavehigheroxygencapacitywhichincreasessoccerstamina.c）soccermadparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtimeattheannualpeakofsoccermania.d）noneoftheabove.

AndersEricsson，a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity，sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden，andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperimentnearlyyearsago，involvedmemory：

trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject.afterabout20hoursoftraininghisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20，”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving，andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”

Thissuccesscoupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfasnotgeneticallydetermined，ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords，whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorizethosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully，Ericssondetermined，wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather，itinvolvessettingspecificgoals，obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.

Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits，includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan，notjustpredominancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlavatoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion：

thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or，putanotherway，expertperformerswhetherinmemoryorsurgery，balletorcomputerprogrammingarenearlyalwaysmade，notborn.

[410words]

21.Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto

　　[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.

　　[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.

　　[C]introducethetopicofwhatmalesexpertperformance.

　　[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.

22.Theword“mania”（Line4，Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans

　　[A]fun.

　　[B]craze.

　　[C]hysteria.

　　[D]excitement.

23.AccordingtoEricssongoodmemory

　　[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.

　　[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.

　　[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.

　　[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.

24.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat

　　[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.

　　[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.

　　[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.

　　[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.

25.Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey？

　　[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”

　　[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”

　　[C]“Practicemakesperfect.”

　　[D]“Likefather，likeson”

Text2

　　Forthepastseveralyears，theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant，whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold；thatgaveheranIQof228-thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies，toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut，andtodeducenumericalsequences，amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe（whoseIQis100）as，What'sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness？

Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence？

It'snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.

　　Clearly，intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeanstobesmart？

Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified，andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology，genetics，computerscienceandotherfields？

　　ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore，eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms：

theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales（bothcomeinadultandchildren'sversion）。

Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars，theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists，althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant’sarenolongerpossible，becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepecks，rathertansimplydividingthementalarebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests，suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest（SAT）andtheGraduateRecordExam（GRE），capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.

　　Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife，arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting？

”。

Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestsbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge，componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover，IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipsillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions，butunderhigh-stressconditions.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership-thatisitpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhobastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters，whetherit‘sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionsofskip.

　　[451words]

　　26.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest？

　　[A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions.

　　[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.

　　[C]Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertain