英语论文中西方饮食文化差异精编版.docx

英语论文中西方饮食文化差异精编版.docx

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英语论文中西方饮食文化差异精编版

MQSsystemofficeroom【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】

英语论文中西方饮食文化差异精编版

2012届本科毕业论文

中西方饮食文化差异

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指导教师：

2012年5月

TheDifferencesofDietaryCultures

BetweenChinaandtheWest

ShangqiuNormalUniversity

May2012

摘要

饮食是人们生存的根本，中西方都不例外。

饮食文化是民族文化的重要组成部分。

随着21世纪全球化进程，跨文化交际日益频繁，其中饮食文化成了东西方文化交流的最基本内容。

但是由于长期以来形成的生活环境、风俗习惯、价值观念的不同，中西方形成了各自不同的饮食文化。

由于饮食文化的不同，中西方人在交流的过程中有时会产生一些误解。

本文主要从中西方饮食观念、烹饪取材、饮食结构、烹饪方式以及上菜顺序等方面来论述中西方饮食文化差异，以促进中西方文化交际的顺利进行。

关键词：

饮食；饮食文化；差异

Abstract

Dietisthebaseofliving,withnoexceptioninChinaortheWest.Dietarycultureisanimportantpartofthenationalculture.Withtheentranceofthe21stcentury,cross-culturalcommunicationhasbecomemoreandmorefrequent,amongwhichdietaryculturehasbeenthemostbasiccontent.However,becauseofthedifferencesinlivingenvironments,customsandvalueconceptsChinaandtheWesthaveformedtheirowndifferentdietarycultures.Asaresult,thereappearssomemisunderstandingssometimesbetweenChineseandtheWesternersintheircommunication.ThispaperwillanalyzethedifferencesofdietaryculturesbetweenChinaandtheWestfromdietaryconcepts,rawmaterials,dietarystructures,cookingpatternsandtheorderofservingdishessoastofacilitatetheefficientcommunicationbetweenChineseandWesterners.

Keywords:

diet；dietaryculture;difference

Contents

11Introduction

Withtheentranceofthe21stcenturycross-culturalcommunicationhasbeenamoreandmorepopularactivityevenamongcommonpeople.However,becauseofthedifferencesofareas,environmentsandcustoms,differentnationshaveformedtheirspecificcultures.Amongthefouraspectsofclothing,eating,housingandbehaving,ChinesepeoplehavegotcloserandclosertotheWesternersinotherthreeaspectsexceptineating.ItisonlyintheaspectofeatingthatChinesepeoplehavethebiggestdifferencefromtheWesterners.Dietarycultureisanimportantcomponentofthenationalcultures.Italsoplaysanessentialroleinnon-verbalculturesincross-culturalcommunication.Chinahasalongandrichhistoryonitsdietaryculture.InChinaalmosteverythingiscloselyrelatedtoeating.While,WesterndietarycultureisnotasdevelopedasthatofChinaandWesterncountriesarenotthatparticularaboutcookingasChina.KnowingthedifferencesofdietaryculturesbetweenChinaandtheWestisgoodforEnglishlearnerstohavemorecompleteunderstandingofbotheasternandwesternculturesanditalsoincreasesthechanceofsuccessincross-culturalcommunication,andhelpspeopleavoidunnecessarymisunderstandings.

22TheDifferencesofDietaryCulturesBetweenChinaandtheWest

ThedifferentnationalculturesinChinaandtheWestcontributetothedifferencesofdietaryculturesbetweenthem.Thesedifferencescomefromthedifferentthinkingmethods,environments,customsandsoonbetweenChinaandtheWest.

2.1inDietaryConcepts

AsaChinesesayinggoes,Minyishiweitian（Themassesregardsufficientfoodastheirheaven）.ItshowstheimportanceofeatinginthemindofChinesepeople.Chinesepeopletakeagoodmealasapursuitofartofbeauty.ThisevencanbeseenfromTVprograms.InthecartoonZhonghuaXiaodangjia（ALittleChineseChef）,whichwasverypopularinChinaabouttenyearsago,Xiaodangjiatreatsgoodmealsashislonglifepursuit.FromthiscartoonpeoplecanfeeltheprofounddietarycultureinChinaandgettoknowvariouskindsoffoodinChina.NowpeoplecanwatchprogramssuchasEverydayCateaboutcookingonTVeveryday.Chinesepeopleareparticularlyinterestedineating.Thepursuitofenjoymentinfoodhasalmostreachedtoaheightthatcannotbehigher.

Peopletrytheirbesttoperfectadishnotonlyfromcolorbutalsofromincense,tasteandshape.ItmeansthatintheeyesofChinesepeople,adishshouldlookbeautiful,smellgoodandtastedelicious.Beautyappearanceisapursuitofbeautyfromavisualaspectanditcontributestoamentalenjoyment.Chinesehavehighdemandoftheappearanceofadinner.Theynotonlystressthebeautyofthefoodbutalsothebeautyoftheenvironmentandthetableware.Variouskindsofbeautyarereconciledinawell-prepareddinner.Thechefsmatchthecolorsoffoodcarefully,suchasthecollocationofthemaincolorsandthesub-colors,andthecollocationofwarmcolorsandcoldcolors.Thismakesthedinnerlookcolorfulandstimulatespeople’sappetite.Atthesametimemanyrawmaterialsareengravedintotheshapesofflower,bird,mountainandhumanwhichareextremelybeautiful.Inaddition,thedietaryenvironmentissometimesfullofakindofelegantandattractivecityambiancesometimesbrimwithaquietandbeautifulruralatmosphere.Forexample,theMexicanRestaurantinBeijingExhibitionCenterisabuildingwithaRussianstyle.TheTengGeLiLaCafeterialookslikeabigMongolianyurt.（Xu2005,68）Besides,thetablewareintheserestaurantsalsolooksperfect.Thesizeofthetablewarematcheswiththeamountoffood,thepatternmatcheswiththeshapeofthefood,andthecolorofthetablewarematcheswiththatofthefood.（Li2011,25）TheappearanceofadinnerisveryimportantbutChinesepeopleregardtasteasthemostimportant.Therefore,itisnowonderthatChinesepeopleareveryinterestedinthetasteofadish.Theytrytoreconciletheflavorofeveryingredienttogetanattractivetaste.（Zhao2003,105）

WhiletheWesternerspaymuchlessattentiontoeatingcomparedwithChinesepeople.LinYutang,afamousChinesewriter,acceptedastricteducationonChineseandWesterncultures.Hehadanincisivediscourseonthewayhowwesternerstreatfood.AccordingtohimEnglishmendonottreatdietasanimportantthing;onthecontrarytheyregarditasatinybusiness.Thereusedtobenocuisineintheirvocabularybutcooking.Theyhadnoproperwordtonamethechefsbutonlycallthemcooks.Theyoriginallyhadnowordtonameagourmet;therefore,theyusedgreedyguttotakeitsplace.Westernerspaylittleattentiontotheformandtasteofadishbutfocusmuchmoreonnutrition.Theypaymuchattentiontotheamountofprotein,fat,heat,andvitamin.Theyanalyzewhetherthedishhasanappropriatecollocationofnutrition,whethertheamountofcaloriesismoderate,andwhetherthenutritioncanbefullyabsorbed.（Lin1998,68）Westernersemphasizeontheoriginalflavorandnutritionoffood.Therefore,theyadoptfreshrawmaterialsandtrytokeeptheiroriginalnutritionandtasteasmuchaspossiblewhentheycookthem.Eventhoughthedishesarebittertoeattheywilleatthemprovidedtheycontainlotsofnutrition.

2.2intheUseofRawMaterials

ChinesepeoplehaveawideinterestineatingsotheyusemorekindsofrawmaterialsincookingcomparedwithWesterners.Thereisasayingthatthingsintheairexceptplane,thingsinthewaterexceptsubmarinesandthingswithfourlegsexceptbenchesareallChinesepeople’sfood.Thissayingisnottotallyinaccordancewiththerealitybutitisnotfarawayfromthetruth.（Lu2002,96）Therewasacaseofkillingpandasinthe1980sinSichuanprovince.Whenthepolicemenreachedthehomeofthesuspect,pandameatwasbeingstewedinhispotandthispotofmeatwasperhapsthemostexpensivemeatintheworld.Chinesepeoplenotonlyeatthosethatflyintheair,swiminthewaterandthosethatrunonthegroundbutalsoeateverypartofthem,fromtoptotoeandfromtheoutsidetotheinside.EventraditionalChinesemedicinalmaterialscanbeseveredonthedinnertablewiththenamemedicinalfood,suchasStewedBlack-bonedChickenwithChineseHerbs.（Yang2004,36）

Intheaspectofeating,Westernerslackthespiritofexploration.Theytreateveryfoodtheydonotknowcautiously.ItwassaidthatwhentomatoeswerefirsttransferredfromArabtotheWestnoonedaredtoeatthem.Laterabravepersonriskedhislifetoeatoneandwasstillaliveafteradayandnight.Thenthewesternersacceptedtomatoesgradually.（Li2009,25）Westernershaveanarrowrangeoffood.Whattheyfavorthebestisbeef,chickenandfish.Theyevendonoteatfishwhichlivesintheriver.WesternersseldomeatporkandtheynevereatabdominalorganswhichcanbemadeintodeliciousfoodinChina.TheEuropeanCommunitymadeaclearstipulationmorethantenyearsagothatnoabdominalorgansshouldbemadeintofoodforsale.However,FrenchFatGooseLiverisanexceptionbecauseitistoodeliciousforthegourmetstorefuseit.（Li2003,134）Westernersalsodonoteatanimalskinbecauseitishighincholesterol.Chinaexportsfrozenchickenbutimportschickensfeetatthesametime.Chickenfeetcontainonlybonesexceptskin.ThewesternersdonoteatthemsotheysellthemtoChineseinalowprice.ChinesepeoplegiveabeautifulnametochickenfootthatisFengzhua（phoenixfoot）.SongMeilinglivedupto103yearsoldandshelovedchickenfeetthebestduringherlife-time.（Yang2004,36）

2.3inDietaryStructures

Chinesedietarycultureisrootedintheagriculturaleconomy.Chinahasbeenagreatagriculturalcountrysincetheancient.Chinese’smainfoodismainlymadeofriceandwheat.Besides,millet,maize,kaoliang,potatoesandsweetpotatoesalsooccupyaproportionintheirmainfood.Lotsoffoodwhichmadeoffloursuchassteambuns,noodles,clayovenrolls,andfriedbreadstick;allkindsofporridge,piesandsnackscontributemuchtopeople’scolorfullife.（Xue2001,253）Chinesepeopledonoteatmeateveryday.Onlywhenholidaycomesorwhenpeoplehaveahighlevellivingconditiondotheyeatsomemeat.AccordingtoWesterninvestigators,thevegetablesChinesepeopleeataremorethan600kindssixtimesthanthoseof