英语辩论技巧debate technique.docx

英语辩论技巧debate technique.docx

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英语辩论技巧debatetechnique

EnglishDebate

Herearesomerecommendationsonhowtoescapecommonemotionalisttacticsanddriveyourpointhome.

下面是一些建议，如何逃脱的共同emotionalist战术和驱动点回家。

（emotionalist   [iˈməuʃənəlist]n. 易受感动者,诉诸感情的演讲人）

*Usingastoryasanopenerhelpsconcretizeyourargument.

*用一个故事作为起手有助于具体你的论点。

Thereareagreatnumberofstoriesofgovernmentcontrolandabuse,inthenews,ontheinternet,andeveninbooks.Drawfromthemtoillustratepoints,especiallyasanintroduction.Intellingorretellingastory,youaretryingtodrawthesympathyoftheaudiencetothevictim,butyouarealsoillustratingyourarguments.Whatyouarereallydoingis,youaremerelyremindingpeopleofwhattheyalreadyknow:

governmentdoesn'twork,individualfreedomisbetter.

有大量的消息，是政府控制和性虐待的故事，在互联网上，甚至在书本上。

从他们身上吸取点，尤其是作为引进来说明。

在讲述或复述一个故事，你正试图提请观众受害人的同情，但你也说明你的论点。

你真正做的是，你只是提醒人们，他们已经知道：

政府不工作，个人自由是更好的。

*Don'tbeafraidtousequotes.*不要害怕使用引号。

Usingquotestounderscoreapoint,ortoinspire,isalwayspowerful.ConsultwebsiteslikeLibertarianQuotes,Free-,andFreedom'sNesttogetappropriatequotesfortheoccasion.使用引号要强调一点，或激励，始终是强大的。

像。

。

。

到适当的场合使用引号。

*Beonthelookoutformisdirectiontactics.*误导战术。

*Alwaysrememberthatmostdebatesareinherentlycomparative.*记住，最辩论本身是针对性。

Unlessthetopicisspecificallyaboutwhetherapositionhasenoughevidenceornot,anydebateyouareinvolvedinwillbecomparative.Knowledgeitselfiscomparative:

weevaluatehowprobabledifferenthypothesesonthebasisofhowwelltheyexplaintheavailableobservations.Ifyouneedmoreevidence,findreliablesources.Rememberthatconvincingyouropponentshouldnotbeyourprimaryobjective,butrathertoshowtheevidence.Don'ttakeittoopersonal,andhavefun!

除非题目是具体的位置是否有足够的证据或不，你参与的任何辩论将是相对的。

知识本身就是比较：

我们如何可能不同的假设，以及他们如何解释提供意见的基础上评估。

如果你需要更多的证据，找到可靠的消息来源。

请记住，说服你的对手不应该是你的首要目标，而是要显示的证据。

不要把它太个人，有乐趣！

AdviceonDebatingwithOthers

1.AvoidtheuseofNever.

2.AvoidtheuseofAlways.

3.Refrainfromsayingyouarewrong.

4.Youcansayyourideaismistaken.

5.Don'tdisagreewithobvioustruths.

6.Attacktheideanottheperson.

7.Usemanyratherthanmost.

8.Avoidexaggeration.

9.Usesomeratherthanmany.

10.Theuseofoftenallowsforexceptions.

11.Theuseofgenerallyallowsforexceptions.

12.Quotesourcesandnumbers.

13.Ifitisjustanopinion,admitit.

14.Donotpresentopinionasfacts.

15.Smilewhendisagreeing.

16.Stressthepositive.

17.Youdonotneedtowineverybattletowinthewar.

18.Concedeminorortrivialpoints.

19.Avoidbickering,quarreling,andwrangling.

20.Watchyourtoneofvoice.

21.Don'twinadebateandloseafriend.

22.Keepyourperspective-You'rejustdebating.

YouneedtobeverypolitewhendisagreeingwithsomeoneinEnglish,evensomeoneyouknowquitewell.Withsomeoneyouknowverywell,youcandisagreemoredirectly.

ArgumentAgreementandDisagreement

A.HowtoAgreeStronglywithanOpinion.

1.Icouldn'tagreemore!

2.That'sabsolutelytrue!

3.Absolutely!

4.Iagreewithyourpoint.

5.I'dgoalongwithyouthere.

6.I'mwithyouonthat.

7.That'sjustwhatIwasthinking.

8.That'sexactlywhatIthink.

9.That'sagoodpoint.

10.That'sjusthowIseeit.

11.That'sexactlymyopinion.

B.HowtoHalfAgreewithanOpinion.

1.Yes,perhaps,however...

2.Well,yes,but...

3.Yes,inaway,however...

4.Hmm,possibly,but...

5.Yes,Iagreeuptoapoint,however...

6.Well,youhaveapointthere,but...

7.There'ssomethingthere,Isuppose,however.

8.Iguessyoucouldberight,but...

9.Yes,Isupposeso,however...

10.That'sworththinkingabout,but...

C.HowtoDisagreePolitelywithanOpinion.

1.Iamnotsosure.

2.Doyouthinkso?

3.Well,itdepends.

4.I'mnotsocertain.

5.Well,Idon'tknow.

6.Well,I'mnotsosureaboutthat.

7.Hmm,I'mnotsureyou'reright.

8.I'minclinedtodisagreewiththat.

9.No,Idon'tthinkso.

D.HowtoDisagreeStronglywithanOpinion.

1.Idisagree.

2.Idisagreewithyouridea.

3.I'mafraidIdon'tagree.

4.I'mafraidyourideaiswrong.

5.Ican'tagreewithyou.

6.Icouldn'tacceptthatforaminute.

7.Youcan'tactuallymeanthat.

8.Iwouldn'tgoalongwithyouthere.

9.Youcan'tbeseriousaboutthat.

10.Youmustbejoking.

11.It'spossibleyouaremistakenaboutthat.

YouneedtobeverypolitewhendisagreeingwithsomeoneinEnglish,evensomeoneyouknowquitewell.

Withsomeoneyouknowverywell,youcandisagreemoredirectly.

SomeDebateSeriesArgumentSuggestions.

1.TelevisionPlaysaPositiveRoleinSociety.

2.StudentsshouldhaveaPart-timeJob.

3.TheYoungerGenerationKnowsBest.

4.SmokingShouldProhibited.

5.MoneyistheMostImportantThinginLife.

6.WomenShouldbeTreatedtheSameasMen.

7.ItisaGoodThingtoLiveinaModernCity.

8.HousingReformhasbecomenecessary.

9.CarsdomoreHarmthanGood.

10.FashionContributestoSociety.

1.TelevisionPlaysaPositiveRoleinSociety.

ArgumentsinFavor:

1.Televisionisnowplayingaveryimportantroleinourlives.

2.Televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalsoacomparativecheapone.

3.Televisionkeepsyouinformedaboutcurrentevents.Itallowsyoutofollowthelatestdevelopmentsinscienceandpolitics.

Itoffersanendlessseriesofprogramsthatarebothinstructiveandentertaining.

4.Manytelevisionprogramsintroducepeopletothingstheyneverthoughtofbeforeandhaveneverheardofbefore.

5.Televisionserieshavedoneagreatjobinpopularizingmanyliterarymasterpieces.

6.Televisionhasbeengoodcompanytothosewhodonotwork,likehousewives,lonelyoldpeople,etc.

7.Withtelevisionpeoplearestillfreetoenjoyother"civilizedpleasures",orevenmore.

8.Thereareaconsiderablevarietyofprogramsontelevision.Theviewerisalwaysfreetochoosewhateverhewantstosee.

9.Televisionprovidesenormouspossibilitiesforeducation,likeschoolprogramsviaclosed-circuittelevision.

10.TelevisionprovidesspecialbroadcastsforthoseinaTVUniversity,orOpenUniversity.

Italsooffersspecializedsubjectslikelanguageteaching,sewing,cooking,painting,cosmetics,etc.

11.Televisiondoesthejobofeducationinthebroadestsense.Instructiveprogramsachievetheirgoalthroughentertainingtheviewers.

12.Televisionprovidesanoutletforcreativetalents.

13.Peopleallaroundtheworldarenolongerdistantandisolatedfromeachother.

Itbringsmostdistantcountriesandthestrangestcustomsrightintoyourlivingroom.

14.Comparedwithradio,everythingontelevisionismorelifelike,vivid,andreal.

15.Televisionmaybeavitalfactorinholdingafamilytogether.

Especiallywherethereareeconomicproblemsthatcausethehusbandandwifetobeatabreakingpoint.

16.Televisionkeepspeopleinformedaboutthegovernmentanditsprograms.

17.Televisionkeepspeopleinformedofthenewsandweather.

18.Televisionkeepspeopleinformedofdisasterslikefloods,winds,etc.

19.Inthecaseofseriousproblemstelevisiontellspeoplewhattodo.

20.Peoplecanbetaughtaboutsafetythroughtelevision.

21.Peoplecanbeinformedaboutspecialsalesatstores.

ArgumentsAgainst:

1.Televisionisagreattimewaster.

2.Peoplewhodon'twatchtelevisionarehappierthanthosewhowatchit.

Televisiongoeswiththekindoflifethatleavestheviewernothingtospare,nothingleft.

3.Televisionmakestheviewercompletelypassivebecauseeverythingispresentedtothemwithoutanyeffortontheirpart.

4.Theverydangerofwatchingtelevisionliesinthefactthattheviewertakesnoinitiative.

Theymakenochoiceandexercisenojudgment.

5.Televisionpassesontochildrenthecorruptingvaluesofacorruptsociety.

6.Televisionistoblameforthefactthatchildrentakelongertolearntoreadtodayandbarelyseethepointatallofgettingthatskill.

7.Televisiontakesuptoomuchofourtime.

Wenolongerhaveenoughtimeforhobbies,entertainingactivities.

Otheroutsideamusementsliketheaters,movies,sports,etcgetignored.

8.Unfortunatelyallofourfreetimeisnowregulatedbytelevision.

9.Peoplerushhome,gulptheirfood,whichisoftenassimpleasasandwichandabeer,andthenstartwatchingthetelevision.

10.Themonster,i.e.television,demandsabsolutesilenceandattention.

Noonedaresopenhisorhermouthduringatelevisionprogram

11.Peoplehavegrownaddictedtotelevision,oftenneglectingthenecessaryandmoreimportantthingslikemeals,sleep,andevenwork.

12.Manyparentsusetelevisionasapacifierfortheirchildren.TheyputtheirchildreninfrontoftheTVset.

Theydon'tcarewhetheritexposeschildrentorubbish,andstupidcommercials.

Theyseespectaclesofviolenceorsexaslongasthechildrenarequiet.

13.Manyofthetelevisionprogramsarebad.

Theydonotkeeppacewiththehighdemandofviewersanddonotmaintainhighqualitystandards.

14.Thewidecoverageoftelevisionprogramshasreducedsocietytotheconditionsinilliteratecommunities.

Weareutterlydependentonthemostprimitivemediaofcommunication,picturesandspokenwords.

15.Whattheviewerreceivesfromtelevisionisnothingbutsecondhandexperience.

TVcompletelycutstheviewerofffromtherealworld.

16.Themoretheviewerwatchestelevision,thelaziertheybecome.TheTVgluesthemtothesetinsteadofallowingthemtogoout.

17.Televisionpreventspeoplefromcommunicatingwitheachother.

Ithasdonemuchharmtotherelationshipbetweenfamilymembers.

18.Peoplenolongerseethenee