04年自学考试英语阅读二试题.docx

04年自学考试英语阅读二试题.docx

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04年自学考试英语阅读二试题

课程代码：

00596

全部题目用英文作答（翻译题除外），并将答案写在答题纸相应位置上，否则不计分。

SECTION1 VOCABULARY（30points）

I.Directions:

MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththeirdefinitionsinColumnB.WritetheletteroftheanswertoeachwordinColumnAonyourANSWERSHEET.（10points,1pointforeach）

  A             B

1.challenge     A.makingdirtyorimpure

2.inaccessible  B.againstreasonorcommonsense

3.surge         C.forwardmovementlikepowerfulwaves

4.diverse        D.greatnessofsizeorimportance

5.foul          E.ofdifferentkinds

6.emerge        F.rockinaveryhotliquidstate

7.heed          G.questionthelawfulnessorrightnessof

8.absurd        H.giveattentionto

9.lava           I.thatcannotbereached

10.magnitude    J.comeintoexistence

II.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingsentencescarefully,andchooseA,B,CorDthathastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphrase.BlackenthecorrespondingletteroftheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.（10points,1pointforeach）

11.Throughthepassingmillennia,thousandsofanimalspecieshavecomeandgone.

A.arrivedandleft

B.appearedandescaped

C.comeintoexistenceandbecomeextinct

D.approachedanddisappeared

12.Occasionallossoflivestockmustbeweighedagainstthegoodtheseanimalsdoinmaintainingthebalanceofnature.

A.estimatedby           B.balancedby

C.copiedintermsof     D.comparedintermsofvalueof

13.RecognizingthegrowingthreatHIV/AIDSposestochildsurvival,theAgencywillsupporteffortsforasolution.

A.affects          B.takesto

C.increases        D.pointsto

14.Pesticideshavealsotakentheirtoll.

A.threatenedtheirlives     B.destroyedtheirhabitat

C.playedtheirpart          D.causeddeaths

15.Witheachdepartureasmallpartofthediversityofnaturethatmakeslifesointerestingisalsogone.

A.goingaway       B.extinction

C.changing         D.disaster

16.SeveralmonthslaterasimilarfeatwasperformedbythefirstAmericanastronauttowalkinspace.

A.ordinarytask    B.noteworthyachievement

C.commondeed      D.somethingdone

17.Ontheearth,ouratmospherediffuseslightsothat,whenthesunisup,lightseemstobeeverywhere.

A.sendsoutineverydirection      B.focusesineverydirection

C.concentratesineverydirection   D.reflectsineverydirection

18.Duringthesubsequentlullinhunting,thesealpopulationmadeagood,althoughtemporary,recovery.

A.stop            B.stillness

C.quietness       D.pause

19.Amutationhappenstosuitanewenvironment,andthe“odd”creaturesurvivesbecauseitisbetterfitted.

A.calcium         B.remnant

C.alteration      D.eradication

20.ThisisanunexploredareainvitaminresearchandtheonlyknownadvantagesofvitaminEareconfinedtospecializedmedicalcases.

A.assessedin       B.restrictedto

C.contributedto    D.expectedon

III.Directions:

ScanPassage1andfindthewordswhichhaveroughlythemeaningsgivenbelow.WritethewordyouchooseinthecorrespondingspaceonyourANSWERSHEET.（10points,1pointforeach）

   Note:

Thenumbersinthebracketsrefertothenumbersofparagraphsinthepassage.

21.conditionsandsurroundingsthataffectpeople’slives

（1）

22.passingonofphysicalormentalcharacteristicsfromparentstochildren

（2）

23.haveaneffectoneachother

（2）

24.wayinwhichsomethingworks（3）

25.poweroflearning,understandingandreasoning（4）

26.controllingorhandlingsomethingwithskill（4）

27.characteristicsandqualitiesofaperson（5）

28.decidingthevalueoramountofsomething（6）

29.explainingsomethingwhichisnoteasilyunderstandable（6）

30.makesomethingdifficulttoseeclearly（6）

Passage1

1.Weinheritgenes,nottraits.Whenwesaythataboygothisbrowneyesfromhisfather,wereallymeanthathegotthegenesforbrowneyesfromhisfather.Everygenemustdevelopinanenvironment,andtheenvironmentinfluenceshowthatgenewilldevelop.Inthecaseoffruitflies,thevestigial（退化的）-wingcharacteristicwilldevelopifthefliesareraisedatroomtemperature.Ifthefliesarerearedatabout92oF（33oC）,however,thewingswillbealmostnormal.

2.Inthefinalanalysis,thequestion,“Whichismoreimportant,heredityorenvironment?

”hasnomeaning.Therecanbeno“heredityversusenvironment”situation:

bothfactors,heredityandenvironment,mustinteractforanorganismtodevelop.

3.Still,wecangetsomeideaoftherelativecontributionsofheredityandenvironmenttocertaintraits.Todothis,wemustdeterminethegeneticmechanismforaparticulartrait.Wemustalsodeterminehowmucheffecttheenvironmentcanhaveonthetrait.Neitherofthesedeterminationsiseasy,butforafewtraitstheyhavebothbeenmade.

4.InthecaseofDown’ssyndrome,forexample,weknowthatthepresenceofanextranumber21chromosomesetslimitsonthedevelopmentoftheintelligenceandlargelydeterminescertainotherabnormalcharacteristicsofthevictim.Unfortunately,noamountofenvironmentalmanipulationcancausethevictim’sintelligencetoexceedacertain“subnormal”level.ThuswecansaythatinthedevelopmentofthephenotypeofapersonwithDown’ssyndrome,hereditymakesarelativelygreatcontribution—byimposingseverelimits.

5.Butinmostsituationsonecanstudy,theroleoftheenvironmentisverymuchinevidence.Identicalhumantwinswhohavebeenrearedapartshowquitenoticeablephenotypicdifferences,inpersonalityandeveninsomephysicalcharacteristics.

6.Theproblemofassessingtherelativecontributionsofheredityandenvironmenttohumanintelligenceisnotoriouslydifficultandcontroversial.Ontheonehand,manystudieshaveshownhighcorrelationsbetweentheintelligenceofindividualsandtheirdegreeof“relatedness”.Ontheotherhand,themanyvariablesencounteredinstudiesofthistypemakeinterpretationverydifficult.Butsomestudieshavefoundcorrelationssuggestingenvironmentalfactorsinfluenceintelligencemorethangeneticfactorsdo.Sothequestionofintelligenceandinheritanceisstillverymuchupintheair.Theproblemsandthecontroversyshouldnot,however,obscureonebasicfact:

intelligence,likeanyothertrait,dependsontheinteractionofbothgeneticandenvironmentalfactors.

SECTION2 READINGCOMPREHENSION（40points）

IV.Directions:

Skimpassage2andreadthestatementsgivenrightafterthepassageandjudgewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.BlackenthecorrespondingansweryouchooseonyourANSWERSHEET.（10points,1pointforeach）

Passage2

1.Mildstressisknowntoimprovelearning.Atotallyrelaxedchildwillnotbeasreceptivetonewinformationasachildexperiencingmildstress.Itisalsoknownthatwhenthestressofworkingatajobisremovedwhenelderlypeopleretiretheyagemorequicklyunlessnewactivitiesaresubstitutedintheirlives.Itisthoughtthatsenilityoccursmorefrequentlywithinactivitythanwithcontinuedactivity.Muchofthegreatart,inventionsanddiscoverieshasresultedfromthestressofthecreators.WouldwehavetheSistineChapel（西斯行廷教堂）ifMichaelangelohadlivedaquietstresslesslife?

2.Wemustalsoadmitthatthebodilychangesthatoccurunderstressoftenleadtoactivitiesthatcouldnotbeperformedundernormalcircumstances.The110-poundwomanwholiftsaone-tonautomobiletoreleaseherchildcaughtunderthewheelscouldnotordinarilyperformthisfeat;thebodilychangesproducedbythestressofthesituationenablehertodothissuperhumanact.Anathletereliesonthechangesthatoccurunderstresstohelphimrunfaster,tackleharder,andwinthegame.

3.Itappearsthattheamountofharmfulstressanyparticularindividualexperiencesdependsuponhowheviewsthestressfulexperience.Ifheseesitasthreatening,itisabadstress;butifheviewsitasachallenge,itcanbeabeneficialstress.Also,hispersonalitytypeplaysasignificantroleinthedeterminationofwhetherthestressisgoodorbad.Certaintypesofpeopleappeartoneedstresstomaketheirlivesexcitingandmeaningful—itkeepsthemyoung,alive,andfunctioning.Othertypesseemtoneedroutine,quiet,andpeacefulenvironment.

4.Shouldyouavoidstressorencourageit?

Theexpertsdon’thavetheanswer.Sincestresshasalwaysbeenpartofthehumanconditionandlifeisnotstatic—unexpectedthingsdohappen—completeavoidanceisimpossible.Infact,worryingaboutstressisastressitself.Someauthoritiessuggestthateveryoneusemeditationandrelaxationtechniquestolessentheeffectsofstress.Theyfavorchangingourbusylife-styletoslower-pacedliving,strivingless,andstayingputmore.Otherauthoritiesstatethatthesemethodsmayerasethebeneficialeffectsofstressandthatifyoureceivegratificationsfromahecticlifestyle,adoptingamorerelaxedroutinemaydepriveyouofneededstimuliandlowerthequalityofyourlife.

5.Alldoagreethatattitudeisoneofthemostimportantfactors.Apositiveattitudecanmakestressyourally.Anegativeattitudewillmakestressyourenemy.Sincewemayneverknowwhoseadvicetofollow,perhapsthebestcourseistoacceptstressasinevitable,bothgoodandbad,andtokeepthestressthatfeelsgoodandtrytoeliminatethestressthatfeelsbad.Youbeyourownexpert!

31.Totalrelaxationenablesyoutoreceivenewinformationmoreeasilythanstressfulcircumstance.

32.Peopleagemuchmorequicklyiftheyareactiveafterretirement.

33.Peopleunderstresscansometimesmakeincredibleeventshappen.

34.Womenwhoseweightisover110poundscanliftaone-tonobject.

35.Whetherstressisgoodorbadisnotdecidedbythestressfulsituationitself,b