常用缓冲液的配制方法.docx
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常用缓冲液的配制方法
常用缓冲液的配制方法
1.甘氨酸-盐酸缓冲液（0.05M
Xml0.2M甘氨酸+Yml0.2M盐酸再加水稀释至200ml
pHX/mlY/mlpHX/mlY/ml
2.25044.0
3.05011.4
2.45032.4
3.2508.2
2.65024.2
3.4506.4
2.85016.8
3.6505.0
甘氨酸分子量=75.070.2M甘氨酸溶液含15.01g/L
2.邻苯二甲酸-盐酸缓冲液（0.05M
Xml0.2M邻苯二甲酸氢钾+Yml0.2M盐酸再加水稀释至200ml
pHXYpHXY
2.254.670
3.251.470
2.45
3.9603.450.990
2.65
3.2953.650.597
2.852.642
3.850.263
3.052.032
邻苯二甲酸氢钾分子量=2.4.230.2M邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液含40.85g/L
3.磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲液
pH0.2MNa2HPO4/ml0.1M柠檬酸/mlpH0.2MNa2HPO4/ml0.1M柠檬酸/ml2.20.4019.65.210.729.28
2.41.2418.765.411.158.85
2.62.1817.825.611.608.40
2.8
3.1716.835.812.097.91
3.0
4.111
5.89
6.012.63
7.37
3.2
4.941
5.06
6.213.226.78
3.45.701
4.306.413.856.15
3.66.4413.566.61
4.55
5.45
3.87.1012.906.815.45
4.55
4.07.7112.297.016.473.53
4.28.2811.727.217.392.61
4.48.8211.187.418.171.83
4.69.3510.657.618.731.27
4.89.8610.147.819.150.85
5.010.309.708.019.450.55
Na2HPO4分子量=141.980.2M溶液含28.40g/L
Na2HPO4·2H2O分子量=178.050.2M溶液含35.61g/L
C6H8O7·H2O分子量=210.140.1M溶液含21.01g/L
4.柠檬酸-氢氧化钠-盐酸缓冲液
pH钠离子浓度/M柠檬酸C6H8O7·H2O/g氢氧化钠NaOH/g浓盐酸HCl/ml终体积/L
2.20.202108416010
3.10.202108311610
3.30.202108310610
4.30.20210834510
5.30.352451446810
5.80.4528518610510
6.50.3826615612610
使用时可以每升中加入1g酚,若最后pH有变化,再用少量50%氢氧化钠溶液或浓盐酸调节,冰箱保存。
柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液（0.1M
pH0.1M柠檬酸/ml0.1M柠檬酸钠/mlpH0.1M柠檬酸/ml0.1M柠檬酸钠/ml
3.018.61.45.08.211.8
3.217.22.85.27.312.7
3.416.0
4.0
5.4
6.413.6
3.61
4.9
5.15.65.514.5
3.81
4.06.0
5.84.715.3
4.013.16.96.03.816.2
4.212.37.76.22.817.2
4.411.48.66.42.018.0
4.610.39.76.610418.6
4.89.210.8
C6H8O7·H2O分子量=210.140.1M溶液含21.01g/L
Na3C6H5O7·2H2O分子量=294.120.1M溶液含29.41g/L
6.乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液（0.2M
pH0.2MNaAc/ml0.2MHAC/mlpH0.2MNaAc/ml0.2MHAC/ml
3.60.759.25
4.8
5.904.10
3.81.208.805.07.003.00
4.01.808.20
5.27.902.10
4.22.657.35
5.48.601.40
4.43.706.30
5.69.100.90
4.64.90
5.105.89.400.60
NaAc分子量=136.090.2M溶液为27.22g/L
7.磷酸盐缓冲液
（1磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠缓冲液（0.2M
pH0.2MNa2HPO4/ml0.2MNaH2PO4/mlpH0.2MNa2HPO4/ml0.2MNaH2PO4/ml
5.88.092.07.061.039.0
5.910.090.07.167.033.0
6.012.38
7.77.272.02
8.0
6.115.085.0
7.377.023.0
6.218.581.5
7.481.019.0
6.322.57
7.57.584.016.0
6.426.573.5
7.687.013.0
6.531.568.5
7.789.510.5
6.63
7.562.57.891.5
8.5
6.743.556.5
7.993.07.0
6.849.551.08.094.75.3
6.955.045.0
Na2HPO4·2H2O分子量=178.050.2M溶液含35.61g/L
Na2HPO4·12H2O分子量=358.220.2M溶液含71.64g/L
NaH2PO4·H2O分子量=138.010.2M溶液含27.6g/L
NaH2PO4·2H2O分子量=156.030.2M溶液含31.21g/L
（2磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲液（1/15M
pH1/15MNa2HPO4/ml1/15MKH2PO4/mlpH1/15MNa2HPO4/ml1/15MKH2PO4/ml
4.920.109.907.177.003.00
5.290.509.507.388.002.00
5.911.009.007.739.001.00
6.242.008.008.049.500.50
6.473.00
7.00
8.34
9.750.25
6.644.006.008.679.900.10
6.815.005.009.1810.000
6.986.004.00
Na2HPO4·2H2O分子量=178.051/15M溶液含35.61g/L
KH2PO4分子量=136.091/15M溶液含9.078g/L
8.磷酸二氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05M
Xml0.2MKH2PO4+Yml0.2MNaOH再加水稀释至20ml
pH（20℃X/mlY/mlpH（20℃X/mlY/ml
5.850.3727.052.963
6.050.570
7.253.500
6.250.860
7.453.950
6.451.260
7.654.280
6.651.780
7.854.520
6.852.3658.054.680
9.巴比妥钠-盐酸缓冲液（18℃
pH0.04M巴比妥钠/ml0.2M盐酸/mlpH0.04M巴比妥钠/ml0.2M盐酸/ml
6.810018.48.41005.21
7.010017.88.61003.82
7.210016.78.81002.52
7.410015.39.01001.65
7.610013.49.21001.13
7.810011.479.41000.70
8.01009.399.61000.35
8.21007.21100
巴比妥钠分子量=206.180.04M溶液为8.25g/L
10.Tris-盐酸缓冲液
50ml0.1M三羟甲基氨基甲烷（Tris溶液于Xml0.1M盐酸混匀后,加水稀释至100ml
pHX/mlpHX/ml
7.145.78.126.2
7.244.78.222.9
7.343.48.319.9
7.442.08.417.2
7.540.38.514.77.638.58.612.4
7.736.68.710.3
7.834.58.88.5
7.932.08.97.0
8.029.2
三羟甲基氨基甲烷（Tris分子量=121.140.1M溶液为12.114g/L
Tris溶液可以从空气中吸收二氧化碳,使用时注意将瓶盖严
11.硼酸-硼砂缓冲液（0.2M硼酸根
pH0.05M硼砂/ml0.2M硼酸/mlpH0.05M硼砂/ml0.2M硼酸/ml
7.41.09.08.23.56.5
7.61.58.58.44.55.5
7.82.08.08.76.04.0
8.03.07.09.08.02.0
硼砂Na2B4O7·10H2O分子量=381.430.05M（=0.2M硼酸根溶液为19.07g/L硼酸H3BO3分子量=61.840.2M溶液为12.37g/L
硼砂易失去结晶水,必须在带塞的瓶中保存
12.甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05M
Xml0.2M甘氨酸+Yml0.2M氢氧化钠再加水稀释至200ml
pHX/mlY/mlpHX/mlY/ml
8.6504.09.65022.4
8.8506.09.85027.2
9.0508.810.05032.0
9.25012.010.45038.6
9.45016.810.65045.5
甘氨酸分子量=75.070.2M甘氨酸溶液含15.01g/L
13.硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05M硼酸根
Xml0.05M硼砂+Yml0.2M氢氧化钠再加水稀释至200ml
pHX/mlY/mlpHX/mlY/ml
9.3506.09.85034.0
9.45011.010.05043.0
9.65023.010.15046.0
硼砂Na2B4O7·10H2O分子量=381.430.05M（=0.2M硼酸根溶液为19.07g/L14.碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液（0.1M
Ca2+,Mg2+存在时不得使用
pH0.1M碳酸钠/ml0.1M碳酸氢钠/ml
20℃37℃
9.168.7719
9.409.1228
9.519.4037
9.789.5046
9.909.7255
10.149.9064
10.2810.0873
10.53102882
10.83105791
Na2CO3·10H2O分子量=286.20.1M溶液为28.62g/LNaHCO3分子量=84.00.1M溶液为8.40g/L
干燥剂使用指南
干燥剂适合干燥的物质不适合干燥的物质吸水量
（g/g活化温度（℃
氧化铝烃,空气,氨气,氩气,
氦气,氮气,氧气,氢
气,二氧化碳,二氧化硫
0.2175
氧化钡有机碱,醇,醛,胺酸性物质,二氧化碳0.1
氧化镁烃,醛,醇,碱性气体,
胺
酸性物质0.5800氧化钙醇,胺,氨气酸性物质,酯0.31000硫酸钙大多数有机物0.066235硫酸铜酯,醇,（特别适合苯和甲
苯的干燥
0.6200
硫酸钠氯代烷烃,氯代芳烃,醛,
酮,酸
1.2150硫酸镁酸,酮,醛,酯,腈对酸敏感物质0.2-0.8200
氯化钙（<20目氯代烷烃,氯代芳烃,酯,
饱和芳香烃,芳香烃,醚
醇,胺,苯酚,醛,
酰胺,氨基酸,某些酯
和酮
0.2（1H
2
O
0.3（2H
2
O
250
氯化锌烃氨,胺,醇0.2110
氢氧化钾胺,有机碱酸,苯酚,酯,酰
胺,酸性气体,醛
氢氧化钠胺酸,苯酚,酯,酰胺
碳酸钾醇,腈,酮,酯,胺酸,苯酚0.2300
钠饱和脂肪烃和芳香烃烃,
醚酸,醇,醛,酮,胺,酯,氯代有机物,含水过高的物质
五氧化二磷烷烃,芳香烃,醚,氯代烷
烃,氯代芳烃,腈,酸酐,
腈,酯醇,酸,胺,酮,氟
化氢和氯化氢
0.5
浓硫酸惰性气体,氯化氢,氯气,
一氧化碳,二氧化硫基本不能与其它物质接触
硅胶（6-16
目
绝大部分有机物氟化氢0.2200-3503A分子筛分子直径>3A分子直径<3A
0.18117-2604A分子筛分子直径>4A分子直径<4A,乙
醇,硫化氢,二氧化
碳,二氧化硫,乙
烯,乙炔,强酸
0.18250
5A分子筛分子直径>5A,如,支链
化合物和有4个碳原子以
上的环分子直径<5A,如,
丁醇,正丁烷到正
22烷
0.18250
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