届《新课标》高三英语人教版第二轮复习专题讲座讲座六阅读理解1.docx
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届《新课标》高三英语人教版第二轮复习专题讲座讲座六阅读理解1
子《新课标》高三英语(人教版)第二轮复习专题讲座
第六讲阅读理解1
高考阅读理解的解题技巧
阅读理解作为考查考生语言能力的重点,《考试大纲》提出了明确的要求:
“要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。
考生应能:
理解主旨要义;理解文中具体信息;根据上下文推断生词的词义;作出简单判断和推理;理解文章的基本结构;理解作者的意图和态度。
”高考英语阅读理解也围绕这一要求来命题,基本上可分为五类:
1.细节判断题;
2.猜测词义题;3.主旨大意题;4.推理引申题;5.篇章结构题。
下面以2004、2005、2006年全国统一高考英语科试题为例来分析上述五种试题的命题特点、具体要求以及解题技巧和方法。
第一节细节判断题解题技巧
《普通高中英语课程标准》中达到英语学科的高中毕业要求为七级,其有关阅读最基本的要求是:
“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。
对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查,主要采用的方式就是:
细节判断。
这类题在高考阅读理解题中占一定的比例,做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。
同时,弄清细节,正确获取信息,也是把握文章主旨的前提。
因此,要特别重视做好这类题。
细节判断题题干常见的问句形式多种多样。
如:
WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?
WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredas…?
Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthereasonsfor…?
Howmany……?
What/who/when/where/how/why……?
做这类题的一般方法是通过skimming把握文章中心后,再通过寻读法(scanning)快速确定该细节在文中的出处(信息源),对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。
若该信息句是长句或难句,要学会找出其主干部分、分析句子结构,正确理解信息句的意义。
命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改动,截取原文词语或结构进行改造,因果倒置,把A的观点说成B的观点等。
所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
这类细节性问题所涉及的面很广,有的需要经过简单的数学运算确定时间、距离、次数、数量等;有的涉及正误判断;有的询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。
例如:
(注:
本书例题练习中选用全国各地高考题均保留原题号)
(05全国卷IIB篇)Thedaysofelderlywomendoingnothingbutcookinghugemealsonholidaysaregone.EntertheRedHatSociety-agroupholdingthebeliefthatoldladiesshouldhavefun.
“Mygrandmothersdidn’tdoanythingbutkeephouseandserveeverybody.Theywereprogrammedtodothat,”saidEmilyComette,headofachapterofthe7-year-oldRedHatSociety.
Whilemenhavelongspenttheirtimefishingandplayinggolf,womenhavesometimesseemedtobecomeunnoticedastheyage.Butthegenerationnowturning50isthebabyboomers(生育高峰期出生的人),andthesamepeoplewhorefusedtheirparents’wayofbeingyoungarenowtryinganewwayofgrowingold.
Ifyoutakeintoconsiderationfeminism(女权主义),abitofsparemoney,andbetterhealthformostelderly,theRedHatSocietylooksalmostinevitable(必然的).Inthissociety,womenover50wearredhatsandpurple(紫色的)clothes,whilethewomenunder50wearpinkhatsandlightpurpleclothing.
“TheorganizationtooktheideafromapoembyJennyJosephthatbegins:
WhenIamanoldwoman,Ishallwearpurple.Witharedhatwhichdoesn’tgo.”saidEllenCooper,whofoundedtheRedHatSocietyin1998.Whentheladiesstartedtoweartheredhats,theyattractedlotsofattention.
“Thepointofthisisthatweneedarestfromalwaysdoingsomethingforsomeoneelse,”Coopersaid.“Womenfeelsoashamedandsorrywhentheydosomethingforthemselves.”Thisiswhychaptersarediscouragedfromraisingmoneyordoinganythinguseful.“We’realadies’playgroup.Itcouldn’tbemoresimple,”addedCooper’sassistantJoeHeywood.
47.WhosetuptheRedHatSociety?
A.EmilyComette.B.EllenCooper.C.JennyJoseph.D.JoeHeywood.
48.WomenjointheRedHatSocietybecause.
A.theywanttostayyoung
B.theywouldliketoappearmoreattractive
C.theywouldliketohavefunandliveforthemselves
D.theywanttobemoreliketheirparents
解析:
这两题都是细节判断题。
和47题相关的信息句是文中的:
“TheorganizationtooktheideafromapoembyJennyJosephthatbegins:
WhenIamanoldwoman,Ishallwearpurple.Witharedhatwhichdoesn’tgo.”saidEllenCooper,whofoundedtheRedHatSocietyin1998.理解了这句话,我们不难得出答案B。
通过浏览我们了解了“theRedHatSociety”这个社团的性质和作用,再结合信息句“EntertheRedHatSociety-agroupholdingthebeliefthatoldladiesshouldhavefun.”,我们很容易得出48题正确答案为C。
(05福建卷A篇)PaulZindel’sdeathonMarch27,2003endedthebrilliantlifeofafamouswriter.
NotonlydidPaulZindelwinaPulitzerPrizeaswellasanObiePrizeforhis1970playTheEffectofGammaRaysonMan-in-the-MoonMarigolds,buthewasoneoftheearliestwritersinthefieldofcontemporary(当代的)literatureforyoungadults(成人).ThePigman,publishedin1968,isstilloneofthemostwell-knownandwidely-taughtnovelsinthegenre.TheAmericanLibraryAssociationhasnameditoneofthe100BestoftheBestBooksforYoungAdultspublishedbetween1967and1992,andZindel’sautobiography,ThePigmanandMe,wasamongthe100BestoftheBestBookspublishedforteenagersduringthelastpartofthetwentiethcentury.SixofZindel’sbooks,infact,havebeenvotedtheBestBooksforYoungAdults,andmostofhisrecenthorrorbooks-suchasTheDoomStoneandRatshavebeenchosenasQuickPicksforReluctantYoungAdultReaders.Clearly,hewasawriterwhoknewhowtointerestcontemporarychildren.Recognizingthat,theAmericanLibraryAssociationin2002honoredPaulZindelwiththeMargaretA.EdwardsPrizeforhislifetimeachievements,andlaterthatsameyearhewaspresentedwiththeALANPrizeforhiscontributionstoYoungAdultLiterature.Withhispassing,youngreaders,teachers,andlibrarianshavelostagreatfriend.
56.WhichofPaulZindel’sbookswasthemostpopularwithyoungadultsinthe20thcentury?
A.ThePigman.
B.TheDoomStone.
C.ThePigmanandMe.
D.TheEffectofGammaRaysonMan-in-the-MoonMarigolds.
57.WhywasPaulZindelhonoredwiththeMargaretA.EdwardsPrize?
A.Hisbookswerewidelyreadbychildren.
B.Hisbookswereinterestingandhelpfultoadults.
C.Hemadegreatcontributionstocontemporaryliterature.
D.Hewroteanumberofhorrorbooksforyoungadults.
58.WhendidPaulZindelwintheALANPrize?
A.In2002.B.In2003.
C.Between1967and1992.D.Between2002and2003.
59.Choosethecorrectstatementsfromthefollowingaccordingtothepassage.
a.ThePigmanandMewasoneoftheBestBooksforteenagers.
b.Zindelwasoneoftheearliestwriterswhowroteforadultsonly.
c.TheDoomStoneandRatsarenotpopularwithyoungadults.
d.Zindelwasgivenfourprizesforliteraturebeforehedied.
e.AtleasteightofZindel’sbookswereverypopularinhistimes.
A.c,d,eB.a,b,cC.a,b,dD.a,d,e
解析:
这四题都是细节判断题。
56、57、58三题,只要我们根据题干的问句找到信息源,很快就能找到正确答案分别是:
A、C、A,做第59题时我们要对五个陈述作出正误判断,b、c两个说法是错误的,因此,正确答案为D。
下面请同学们实战演练上述方法和技巧。
【实战演练练习一】(05北京卷A篇)
Chances
IreallylovemyjobbecauseIenjoyworkingwithsmallchildrenandlikethechallengesandawardsfromthejob.Ialsothinkmyworkisimportant.TherewasatimewhenIthoughtIwouldneverhavethatsortofcareer(职业).
Iwasn’tanexcellentstudentbecauseIdidn’tdomuchschoolwork.InmyfinaltermIstartedthinkingwhatImightdoandfoundIdidn’thavemuchtooffer.IjustacceptedthatIwasn’tthetypetohaveacareer.
Ithenfoundmyselfajob.Lookingaftertwolittlegirls,Itwasn’ttoobadatfirst.ButtheproblemsbeganwhenIagreedtolivein,sothatIwouldbethereifmybosshadtogooutforbusinessintheevening.WeagreedthatifIhadtoworkextrahoursoneweek,she’dgivemetimeoffthenext.Butunfortunately,itdidn’toftenworkout.Iwasgettingextremelytiredandfedup,becauseIhadtoomanylatenightsandearlymorningswiththechildren.
OneSunday,Iwasintheparkwiththechildren,andmetMeganwhousedtogotoschoolwithme,Itoldheraboutmysituation.ShesuggestedthatIshoulddoacourseandgetaqualification(资格证书)ifIwantedtoworkwithchildren.Ididn’tthinkIwouldbeacceptedbecauseIdidn’ttakemanyexamsinschool.Shepersuadedmetophonethelocalcollegeandtheywerereallyhelpful.MyexperiencecountedforalotandIgotonapart–timecourse.Ihadtoleavemyjobwiththefamily,andgotworkhelpingoutatakindergarten.
NowI’vegotafull–timejobthere.IshallalwaysbethankfultoMegan.IwishIhadknownearlierthatyoucouldhaveacareer,evenifyouaren’ttopoftheclassatschool.
56.Whatistheauthor’spresentjob?
A.Workingpart–timeinacollege.
B.Takingcareofchildrenforafamily.
C.Helpingchildrenwiththeirschoolwork.
D.Lookingafterchildrenatakindergarten.
57.Whenstayingwiththetwogirls’family,theauthor.
A.waspaidforextraworkB.oftenworkedlonghours
C.gotmuchhelpfromherbossD.tookadayoffeveryotherweek
58.Whydidtheauthorleaveherfirstjob?
A.Shefoundafull–timejob.
B.Shewasfedupwithchildren.
C.Shedecidedtoattendapart–timecourse.
D.Sheneededarestafterworkingextrahours.
【实战演练练习二】(05湖南卷A篇)
Wewereontourafewsummersago,drivingthroughChicago,whenrightoutsideofthecity,wegotpulledover.Amiddle-agedpolicemancameuptothecarandwasreallybeingtroublesomeatfirst.Lecturingus,hesaid,“Youwerespeeding.Whereareyougoinginsuchahurry?
”Ourguitarist,Tim,toldhimthatwewereonourwaytoWisconsintoplayashow.Hiswaytowardsustotallychanged.Heasked,“Oh,soyouboysareinaband(乐队)?
”Wetoldhimthatwewere.Hethenaskedalltheusualbandquestionsaboutthetypeofmusicweplayed,andhowlongwehadbeenatit.Suddenly,hestoppedandsaid,“Tim,youwanttogetoutofthisticket,don’tyou?
”Timsaid,“Yes.”Sotheofficeraskedhimtostepoutofthecar.Therestofus,insidethecar,didn’tknowwhattothinkaswewatchedthepolicemantalktoTim.Nextthingweknew,thepolicemanwasputtingTiminthebackofthepolicecarhehadparkedinfrontofus.Withthat,hethrewthecarintoreverse(倒车),stoppingafewfeetinbackofourcar.Nowwesuddenlyfeltfrightened.Wedidn’tknowifwewereallgoingtoprison,orifthepolicemanwasgoingtosellTimontheblackmarketorsomething.Allofasudden,thepoliceman’svoicecameoverhisloudspeaker.Hesaid,“Ladiesandgentlemen,forthefirsttimeever,wehaveTimheresingingonRoute90.”Turnsout,thepolicemanhadtoldTimthattheonlywayhewasgettingoutoftheticketwasifhesangpartofoneofoursongsovertheloudspeakerinthepolicecar.Secondslater,Timstartedscreamingintothereceiver.