四级B卷真题原文及答案.docx

四级B卷真题原文及答案.docx

《四级B卷真题原文及答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《四级B卷真题原文及答案.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

四级B卷真题原文及答案

2004年6月四级B卷真题原文及答案

Directions：

Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）。

YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique-aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage，andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy：

whetherlanguage，completewithgrammar，issomethingthatwearebornwith，orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington，D.C.，theworld‘sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.

　　WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish，theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingodd：

amongthemselves，studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.

　　Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode，eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime，AmericanSignLanguage（ASL）wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish（混杂英语）。

ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered：

Mightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguage？

AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth？

Itwas1955，whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas“substandard”。

Stokoe‘sideawasacademicheresy（异端邪说）。

　　Itis37yearslater.Stokoe-nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture-ishavinglunchatacaféneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish，FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech，themodulation（调节）ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands，themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid，”Stokoeexplains，“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff-it‘sbrainstuff.”

　　11.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe.

　　A）anapproachtosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguage

　　B）anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage

　　C）achallengetotraditionalviewsonthenatureoflanguage

　　D）anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage

　　12.Thepresentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby.

　　A）aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts

　　B）anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf

　　C）someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage

　　D）afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain

　　13.AccordingtoStokoe，signlanguageis.

　　A）aninternationallanguage

　　B）asubstandardlanguage

　　C）anartificiallanguage

　　D）agenuinelanguage

　　14.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe‘sideabecausetheythought.

　　A）alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstand

　　B）signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted

　　C）alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds

　　D）signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople

　　15.Stokoe‘sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat.

　　A）languageisaproductofthebrain

　　B）languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodes

　　C）signlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguage

　　D）signlanguageisasefficientasanyotherlanguage

　　PassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Aisforalwaysgettingtoworkontime.Bisforbeingextremelybusy.

　　Cisfortheconscientious（勤勤恳恳的）wayyoudoyourjob.

　　Youmaybeallthesethingsattheoffice，andmore.Butwhenitcomestogettingahead，expertssay，theABCsofbusinessshouldincludeaP，forpolitics，asinofficepolitics.

　　DaleCarnegiesuggestedasmuchmorethan50yearsagHardworkalonedoesn‘tensurecareeradvancement.Youhavetobeabletosellyourselfandyourideas，bothpubliclyandbehindthescenes.Yet，despitetheobviousrewardsofengaginginofficepolitics-abetterjob，araise，praise-manypeoplearestillunableorunwilling-to“playthegame.”

　　“Peopleassumethatofficepoliticsinvolvessomemanipulative（工于心计的）behavior，”saysDeborahComer，anassistantprofessorofmanagementatHofstraUniversity.“Butpoliticsderivesfromtheword‘polite’。

Itcanmeanlobbyingandformingassociations.Itcanmeanbeingkindandhelpful，oreventrying，topleaseyoursuperior，andthenexpectingsomethinginreturn.”

　　Infact，today，expertsdefineofficepoliticsasproperbehaviorusedtopursueone‘sownself-interestintheworkplace.Inmanycases，thisinvolvessomeformofsocializingwithintheofficeenvironment-notjustinlargecompanies，butinsmallworkplacesaswell.

　　“Thefirstthingpeopleareusuallyjudgedonistheirabilitytoperformwellonaconsistentbasis，”saysNeilP.Lewis，amanagementpsychologist.“Butiftwoorthreecandidatesareupforapromotion，eachofwhomhasreasonablysimilarability，amanagerisgoingtopromotethepersonheorshelikesbest.It‘ssimplehumannature.”

　　Yet，psychologistssay，manyemployeesandemployershavetroublewiththeconceptofpoliticsintheoffice.Somepeople，theysay，haveanidealisticvisionofworkandwhatittakestosucceed.Stillothersassociatepoliticswithflattery奉承），fearfulthat，iftheyspeakupforthemselves，theymayappeartobeflatteringtheirbossforfavors.

　　Expertssuggestalteringthisnegativepicturebyrecognizingtheneedforsomeself-promotion.

　　16.“Officepolitics”（Line2，Para.4）isusedinthepassagetoreferto.

　　A）thepoliticalviewsandbeliefsofofficeworkers

　　B）theinterpersonalrelationshipswithinacompany

　　C）thevariousqualitiesrequiredforasuccessfulcareer

　　D）thecodeofbehaviorforcompanystaff

　　17.Togetpromoted，onemustnotonlybecompetentbut.

　　A）avoidbeingtoooutstanding

　　B）getalongwellwithhiscolleagues

　　C）honestandloyaltohiscompany

　　D）givehisbossagoodimpression

　　18.Whyaremanypeopleunwillingto“playthegame”（Line4，Para.5）？

　　A）Theyarenotgoodatmanipulatingcolleagues.

　　B）Theyfeelthatsuchbehaviorisunprincipled.

　　C）Theythinktheeffortwillgetthemnowhere.

　　D）Theybelievethatdoingsoisimpractical.

　　19.Theauthorconsidersofficepoliticstobe.

　　A）unwelcomeattheworkplace

　　B）badforinterpersonalrelationships

　　C）animportantfactorforpersonaladvancement

　　D）indispensabletothedevelopmentofcompanyculture

　　20.Itistheauthor‘sviewthat.

　　A）self-promotiondoesnotnecessarilymeanflattery

　　B）hardworkcontributesverylittletoone‘spromotion

　　C）manyemployeesfailtorecognizetheneedofflattery

　　D）speakingupforoneselfispartofhumannature

　　PassageThreeQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　ItcameassomethingofasurprisewhenDiana，PrincessofWales，madeatripcoAngolain1997，tosupporttheRedCross‘scampaignforatotalbanonallanti-personnellandmines.WithinhoursofarrivinginAngola，televisionscreensaroundtheworldwerefilledwithimagesofhercomfortingvictimsinjuredinexplosionscausedbylandmines.“Iknewthestatistics，”shesaid.“Butputtingafacetothosefiguresbroughttherealityhometome；likewhenImetSandra，a13-year-oldgirlwhohadlostherleg，andpeoplelikeher.”

　　ThePrincessconcludedwithasimplemessage：

“Wemuststoplandmines”。

Andsheusedeveryopportunityduringhervisittorepeatthismessage.

　　But，backinLondon，herviewswerenotsharedbysomemembersoftheBritishgovernment，whichrefusedtosupportabanontheseweapons.AngrypoliticianslaunchedanattackonthePrincessinthepress.Theydescribedheras“veryill-informed”anda“loosecannon（乱放炮的人）.”

　　ThePrincessrespondedbybrushingasidetheCriticisms：

“Thisisadistraction（干扰）wedonotneed.AllI‘mtryingtodoishelp.”

　　Oppositionparties，themediaandthepublicimmediatelyvoicedtheirSupportforthePrincess.Tomakemattersworseforthegovernment，itsoonemergedthatthePrincess‘striphadbeenapprovedbytheForeignOffice，andthatshewasinfactverywell-informedaboutboththesituationinAngolaandtheBritishgovernment’spolicyregardinglandmines.Theresultwasasevereembarrassmentforthegovernment.

　　Totryandlimitthedamage，theForeignSecretary，MalcolmRifkidnd，claimedthatthePrincess‘sviewsonlandmineswerenotverydifferentfromgovernmentpolicy，andthatitwas“workingtowards”aworldwideban.TheDefenceSecretary，MichaelPortillo，claimedthematterwas“amisinterpretationormisunderstanding.”

　　ForthePrincess，thetriptothiswar-torncountrywasanexcellentopportunitytouseherpopularitytoshowtheworldhowmuchdestructionandsufferinglandminescancause.Shesaidthattheexperiencehadalsogivenherthechancetogetclosertopeopleandtheirproblems.

　　21.PrincessDianapaidavisittoAngolain1997.

　　A）toclarifytheBritishgovernment‘sstandonlandmines

　　B）toestablishherimageasafriend‘oflandminevictims

　　C）toinvestigatethesufferingsoflandminevictimsthere

　　D）tovoicehersupportforatotalbanoflandmines

　　22.WhatdidDianameanwhenshesaid“……puttingafacetothosefiguresbroughttherealityhometome”（Line5，Para.1）？

　　A）Meetingthelandminevictimsinpersonmadeherbelievethestatistics.

　　B）Shejustcouldn‘tbear