职称英语考试综合类教材新增内容.docx

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职称英语考试综合类教材新增内容

阅读理解新增文章(共3篇)

  第八篇(C级)  TheStateofMarriageToday

  Istheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetoday?

Duringthepast50years,therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded:

almost50%ofmarriagesendindivorcenow,andtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse.Ifthistrendcontinues,itwillleadtothebreakupofthefamily,accordingtoaspokespersonfortheNationalFamilyAssociation.Somefuturistspredictthatin100years,theaverageAmericanwillmarryatleastfourtimes,andextramaritalaffairswillbeevenmorecommonthantheyarenow.

  Butwhatarethereasonsforthis,andisthepicturereallysogloomy?

Theanswertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple:

marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas.Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedforyearspartlyoneconomicneed.Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbandsastheyusuallydidn’thavejobsoutsidethehome.Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell-payingjobs,thisisnolongerthecase,sotheydon’tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage.

  Inanswertothesecondquestion,theoutlookmaynotbeaspessimisticasitseems.Whiletherateofdivorcehasrisen,therateofcouplesmarryinghasneveractuallyfallenverymuch,somarriageisstillquitepopular.Inadditiontothis,manycouplesnowcohabitanddon’tbothertomarry.Thesecouplesareeffectivelymarried,buttheydonotappearineitherthemarriageordivorcestatistics.Infact,morethan50%offirstmarriagessurvive.Thestatisticsaredeceptivebecausethereisahighernumberofdivorcesinsecondandthirdmarriagesthaninfirstmarriages.

  Soismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitution?

Thefactthatmostpeoplestillgetmarriedindicatesthatitisn't.Anditisalsotruethatmarriedcoupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople:

theysufferlessfromstressanditsconsequences,suchasheartproblems,andmarriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmorecontentedthantheirsinglecounterparts.Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofourrelationships!

  词汇:

  divorcen.离婚cohabitv.同居

  evidencen.证据,迹象effectivelyad.实际上

  futuristn.未来主义者statisticsn.统计,统计资料

  explodev.激增,迅速扩大deceptiveadj.迷惑的,骗人的

  predictv.预言,预料,预报outdatedadj.旧式的,过时的

  extramaritaladj.婚外的indicatev.表明,暗示

  gloomyadj.阴暗的;令人沮丧的consequencen.结果,后果

  institutionn.制度,习俗contentedadj.满足的,满意的

  outlookn.展望,前景counterpartn.对应的人(或物)

  pessimisticadj.悲观的

  注释:

  NationalFamilyAssociation:

美国国家家庭联合会

  练习:

  1.WhichistrueabouttheproblemofmarriageintheUnitedStatestoday?

  A)Divorceleadstothebreakupofthefamily.

  B)Halfofthemarriedcouplesgetdivorced.

  C)Americanpeoplemarrymorethanfourtimes.

  D)Moreandmorepeoplearegettingdivorced.

  2.Whatdoes“thisisnolongerthecase”inparagraphtwomean?

  A)Itisnotnecessarytogetmarriedanymore.

  B)Womendonotneedahusbandanylonger.

  C)Womenarenoteconomicallydependantanymore.

  D)Manywivesdowell-payingjobsoutsidehomenow.

  3.Whymaytheoutlookofmarriagenotbeasgloomyasitappears?

  A)Manypeoplestillliketogetmarried.

  B)Therateofdivorcehasactuallydecreased.

  C)Over50%ofthemarriagescontinuetoexist.

  D)Thestatisticsofdivorceisnotquitetrue.

  4.Howdopeopleusuallyfeelintheirmarriagelife?

  A)Theyaremuchhealthier.

  B)Theyfeelnolongersingle.

  C)Theyaremoresatisfied.

  D)Theysufferalotless.

  5.WhichofthefollowingaboutmarriageisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

  A)Therewillbemorerelationshipsoutsidemarriage.

  B)Manypeopletrytogetmarriedagainafterdivorce.

  C)Marriagehaslongbeenpartlyaneconomicalneed.

  D)Itisafactthatmostpeoplechoosetogetmarried.

  答案与题解:

  1.D从第一段里可以了解到选项A与C都是预计将来会发生的,而不是如今的情况。

  B选项与第一段第二句“almost50%ofthemarriagesendindivorce”不符。

第一段第二句里的“therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded”“theevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse”话语正好说明了D选项的情况。

  2.C第二段第四句、第五句说得很清楚,妇女们如今在外工作在经济上不再依赖她们的丈夫,因此觉得无需维持行将失败的婚姻。

  3.A从第二段里可以了解到离婚率并没有下降而是上升了,因此B选项不对。

而C选项与第三段里“Infact,morethan50%offirstmarriagessurvive”所说不符,该选项没有提到是第一次婚姻。

同样,D选项在文中也没有说到,文中第三段的最后一句只是说统计数据具有欺骗性,而没有说数据失实。

  4.C文中第四段第三句的后半句说得很清楚,结了婚的人比单身的人更满足。

A,D选项提到的是实际情况而不是婚后人们的感觉,因此不对。

文中并没有提到选项B所说的情况。

  5.BA选项在第一段最后一句里提到了,C选项和D选项分别在第二段、第四段里提到了,而B选项却没有哪一段具体提到

第三十八篇(B级)

  ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeople

  Beingabletomultitaskishailedbymostpeopleasawelcomeskill,butnotaccordingtoarecentstudywhichclaimsthatyoungpeoplebetweentheagesofeightandeighteenoftheso-calledGenerationM1arespendingaconsiderableamountoftheirtimeinfruitlesseffortsastheymultitask.Itarguesthat,infact,theseyoungpeoplearefritteringawayasmuchashalfoftheirtimeagainastheywouldiftheyperformedtheverysametasksoneaftertheother.

  Someyoungpeoplearejugglinganeverlargernumberofelectronicdevicesastheystudy.Atthesametimethattheyareworking,youngadultsarealsosurfingontheInternet,orsendingoutemailstotheirfriends,and/oransweringthetelephoneandlisteningtomusicontheiriPods2oronanothercomputer.Assomenewdevicecomesalongittooisaddedtothelistratherthanreplacingoneoftheexistingdevices.

  Otherresearchhasindicatedthatthismultitaskingisevenaffectingthewayfamiliesthemselvesfunctionasyoungpeoplearetoowrappedup3intheirownisolatedworldstointeractwiththeotherpeoplearoundthem.Theycannolongergreetfamilymemberswhentheyenterthehousenorcantheyeatatthefamilytable.

  Allthiselectronicwizardryissupposedlyalsoseriouslyaffectingyoungpeople’sperformanceatuniversityandintheworkplace.Whenaskedabouttheirperceptionoftheimpactofmoderngadgetsontheirperformanceoftasks,theoverwhelmingmajorityofyoungpeoplegaveafavourableresponse.

  Theresponsefromtheacademicandbusinessworldswasnotquiteaspositive.Theformerfeelthatmultitaskingwithelectronicgadgetsbychildrenaffectslaterdevelopmentofstudyskills,resultinginadeclineinthequalityofwriting,forexample,becauseofthelackofconcentrationontaskcompletion.Theyfeelthatmanyundergraduatesnowurgentlyneedremedialhelpwithstudyskills.Similarly,employersfeelthatyoungpeopleenteringtheworkforceneedtobetaughtalloveragain,astheyhavebecomedeskilled.

  Whileallthismaybetrue,itmustbeborneinmind4thatmoreandmoreisexpectedofyoungpeoplenowadays;infact,toomuch.Praiseratherthancriticismisdueinrespectof5thewaytoday’syouthareabletocopedespitewhattheoldergenerationthrowatthem.

  词汇:

  excessiveadj.过多的,额外interactvi.交流,沟通,互动

  multitaskvi.同时进行多个任务wizardryn.魔力,法术

  supposedlyadv.据认为,据推测

  hailvt.赞扬performancen.表现,行为

  claimvt.声称,主张perceptionn.认识,看法,见解

  considerableadj.相当大的,相当多的impactn.影响,作用

  gadgetn.小巧的机械装置

  frittervt.消耗,浪费overwhelmingadj.压倒性的

  jugglevt.耍弄,玩耍majorityn.大多数

  electronicdevicen.电子装置,电子仪器academicadj学术的,学校的

  declinen.下降,衰退

  surfvi.(网上)冲浪,漫游,浏览concentrationn.专心,专注

  indicatevt.表明,指出remedialadj.补习的,补救的

  affectvt.影响deskilledadj.逐渐失去技能的

  isolatedadj.孤立的,与世隔绝的dueadj.应有的,适当的

  注释:

  1.GenerationM:

M代表multimedia。

GenerationM即“多媒体时代”,是指伴随着计算机和因特网的普及而成长起来的一代年轻人。

他们多出生于1980年之后,热衷于计算机、因特网、视频游戏、智能手机。

这些新媒体和传统媒体如电视、印刷品、音响制品结合起来,使得他们的世界异常丰富多彩。

“多媒体时代”的另一特征就是可以multitask,即多项任务同时进行,如他们可以一边上网冲浪、一边听着音乐、一边看着电视里的MTV、一边和朋友短信聊天、同时还做着自己的家庭作业。

  2.iPod:

美国苹果公司的一款音乐播放器,除了可以播放MP3音乐外,iPod还可以作为高速移动硬盘使用,可以显示联系人、日历和任务,以及阅读电子书和聆听有声电子书以及播客(Podcasts)。

  3.bewrappedupin…注意力完全集中于……

  4.bearinmind记住

  5.inrespectof关于,就……而言

  练习:

  1.Accordingtoarecentstudy,whatisprobablytrueaboutthemultitaskingGenerationM?

  A)Theyarehighlycommendedforbeingsoeffectiveandefficient.

  B)Theywastemoretimethantheyshouldsave,contrarytocommonassumptions.

  C)Theyshouldprioritizeandfocusonthemostimportanttasksonhand.

  D)Theyneedtoimprovetheirorganizationalskillssoastocompletealltheirtasks.

  2.Withtheadventofnewgadgets,whatwillhappentoGenerationM’spresente-devices?

  A)Theymakewayforthelatestandgreatestandareretiredbytheyoungpeople.

  B)Theyareputawaytemporarilybutstayinrotationfortheirownerstochoosefrom.

  C)Theybecomepartoftheeverincreasingcollectionofnovelties.

  D)Theyareeithersoldortradedsothattheirownerscanupdatetheirtoysandhobbies.

  3.HowwillmultitaskingaffectGenerationMadversely?

  A)Itmakesthemfeellonelyandpitiful.

  B)Itmakesthemaloofandelusivetofamilyandfriends.

  C)Itmakesthemselfishandpossessive.

  D)Itmakesthemimpoliteandungrateful.

  4.Whatisthebiggestproblemformultitaskingundergraduatesinuniversities?

  A)Theyshouldadjusttheiracademicattitudesseriously.

  B)Theyshouldseekpsychologicalprofessionalsforassistance.

  C)Theyshouldtakesomecrashcoursestocatchupwiththeirclassmates.

  D)Theyshouldtryhardertofocusononetaskbeforemovingontothenext.

  5.Indealingwithtoday’syouth.whatapproachshouldparentstake?

  A)Besupportiveandunderstanding.

  B)Berealisticandlowertheirexpectations

  C)Beencouragingandlettheirchildrensticktotheiroldhabits.

  D)Bepatientandhopeeverythingwillworkoutjustfineeventually.

  答案与题解:

  1.B从第一段第一句话中的“aconsiderableamountoftheirtime”“fruitlessefforts”以及该段最后一句话中的“fritteringawayasmuchas…”可以进行同义替换,waste就是fruitless和fritter的同义词。

  2.C从第二段的最后一句话中的“addedtothelistratherthanreplacing”可以判断出,这些年轻人的电子设备是越来越多,而不是A被取而代之、B被轮流使用、D被出售或交换以便买更新的产品。

  3.B答案A是文字游戏,原文中“isolatedworlds”应该理解为孤立的世界,即独自"alone",而不是孤独“lonely”。

答案C说他们变得自

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