金融经济专业词汇术语大全.docx
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金融经济专业词汇术语大全
经济金融术语汉英对照表
A
安全网
safetynet
按可比口径
oncomparablebasis
按轻重缓急
toprioritize
暗补
implicitsubsidy
暗亏
hiddenloss
B
颁发营业执照
tolicense;tograntalicenceto
办理存款业务
totakedeposits
保护农民的生产积极性
toprotectfarmers'incentivetoproduce
备付金(超额准备金)
excessreserves
本外币并账
consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts
本外币对冲操作
sterilizationoperation
本位利益
localizedinterest;departmentalism
奔小康
tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-do
避税(请见“逃税”)
taxavoidance
币种搭配不当
currencymismatch
币种构成
currencycomposition
变相社会集资
disguisedirregular(orillegal)fundraising
表外科目(业务)
off-balance-sheetitems(operation)
薄弱环节
weaknesses;loopholes
不变成本
fixedcost
不变价
atconstantprice;inrealterms
不动产
realestate
不良贷款(资产)
problemloans;non-performingloans(assets)
C
财务公司
financecompanies
财政赤字
fiscaldeficit
财政挤银行
fiscalpressureonthecentralbank(overmonetarypolicy)
财政政策与货币政策的配合
coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies
采取循序渐进的方法
inaphasedandsequencedmanner
操作弹性
operationalflexibility
操纵汇率
tomanipulateexchangerate
产品构成
productcomposition;productmix
产品积压
stockpile;excessiveinventory
产销率
currentperiodinventory;(即期库存,不含前期库存)sales/outputratio
产销衔接
marketability
产业政策
industrialpolicy
长期国债
treasurybonds
敞口头寸
openposition
炒股
tospeculateinthestockmarket
承购包销
underwrite(securities)
成套机电产品
completesetsofequipment;completeplant(s)
城市信用社
urbancreditcooperatives(UCCs)
城市合作银行
urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks
城市商业银行
municipalcommercialbanks
城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅
realgrowthinhouseholdincome
持续升温
persistentoverheating
重复布点
duplicateprojects
重置成本
replacementcost
重组计划
restructuringplan
筹资渠道
fundingsources;financingchannels
初见成效
initialsuccess
出口统一管理、归口经营
canalizationofexports
出口退税
exporttaxrebate
储蓄存款
householddeposits(不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款,后者不包括。
)
储蓄分流
diversionofhouseholddeposits
储源萎缩
declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings
传导机制
transmissionmechanism
从价税
advaloremtax
从紧控制
tightcontrol
存贷款比例
loan/depositratio
存款保险体系
depositinsurancesystem
存款货币银行
depositmoneybanks
存款准备金
requiredreserves
D
打白条
issueIOU
大额存单
certificateofdeposit(CD)
大额提现
withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts
大面积滑坡
wide-spreaddecline
大一统的银行体制
(all-in-one)mono-banksystem
呆账(请见“坏账”)
badloans
呆账准备金
loanlossreserves(provisions)
呆滞贷款
idleloans
贷款沉淀
non-performingloans
贷款分类
loanclassification
贷款限额管理
creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling
贷款约束机制
creditdisciplinary(constraint)mechanism
代理国库
toactasfiscalagent
代理金融机构贷款
makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions
戴帽贷款
ear-markedloans
倒逼机制
reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition
道德风险
moralhazard
地区差别
regionaldisparity
第一产业
theprimaryindustry
第二产业
thesecondaryindustry
第三产业
theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry
递延资产
deferrableassets
订货不足
insufficientorders
定期存款
timedeposits
定向募集
raisingfundsfromtargetedsources
东道国(请见“母国”)
hostcountry
独立核算
independentaccounting
短期国债
treasurybills
对冲操作
sterilizationoperation;hedging
对非金融部门债权
claimsonnon-financialsector
多种所有制形式
diversifiedownership
E
恶性通货膨胀
hyperinflation
二级市场
secondarymarket
F
发行货币
toissuecurrency
发行总股本
totalstockissue
法定准备金
requiredreserves;reserverequirement
法人股
institutionalshares
法人股东
institutionalshareholders
法治
ruleoflaw
房地产投资
realestateinvestment
放松银根
toeasemonetarypolicy
非现场稽核
off-sitesurveillance(ormonitoring)
非银行金融机构
non-bankfinancialinstitutions
非赢利性机构
non-profitorganizations
分税制
assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;taxassignmentsystem
分业经营
segregationoffinancialbusiness(services);divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions
风险暴露(风险敞口)
riskexposure
风险管理
riskmanagement
风险意识
riskawareness
风险资本比例
risk-weightedcapitalratios
风险资本标准
risk-basedcapitalstandard
服务事业收入
publicservicecharges;user'scharges
扶贫
povertyalleviation
负增长
negativegrowth
复式预算制
double-entrybudgeting;capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccount
G
改革试点
reformexperimentation
杠杆率
leverageratio
杠杆收购
leveragedbuyout
高息集资
toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest
个人股
non-institutionalshares
根本扭转
fundamentalturnaround(orreversal)
公开市场操作
openmarketoperations
公款私存
depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts
公用事业
publicutilities
公有经济
thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector
公有制
publicownership
工业成本利润率
profit-to-costratio
工业增加值
industrialvalueadded
供大于求
supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply
鼓励措施
incentives
股份合作企业
joint-equitycooperativeenterprises
股份制企业
joint-equityenterprises
股份制银行
joint-equitybanks
固定资产贷款
fixedassetloans
关税减免
tariffreductionandexemption
关税减让
tariffconcessions
关税优惠
tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment
规范行为
toregularize(orstandardize)…behavior
规模效益
economiesofscale
国计民生
nationalinterestandpeople'slivelihood
国家对个人其他支出
othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals
国家风险
countryrisk
国际分工
internationaldivisionoflabor
国际收支
balanceofpayments
国有独资商业银行
whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks
国有经济(部门)
thestate-owned(orpublic)sector
国有企业
state-ownedenterprises(SOEs)
国有制
state-ownership
国有资产流失
erosionofstateassets
国债回购
governmentsecuritiesrepurchase
国债一级自营商
primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities
过度竞争
excessivecompetition
过度膨胀
excessiveexpansion
过热迹象
signsofoverheating
H
合理预期
rationalexpectation
核心资本
corecapital
合资企业
joint-ventureenterprises
红利
dividend
宏观经济运营良好
soundmacroeconomicperformance
宏观经济基本状况
macroeconomicfundamentals
宏观调控
macroeconomicmanagement(oradjustment)
宏观调控目标
macroeconomicobjectives(ortargets)
坏账
baddebt
还本付息
debtservice
换汇成本
unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings
汇兑在途
fundsinfloat
汇兑支出
advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'sbank
汇率并轨
unificationofexchangerates
活期存款
demanddeposits
汇率失调
exchangeratemisalignment
混合所有制
diversified(mixed)ownership
货币政策态势
monetarypolicystance
货款拖欠
overdueobligationstosuppliers
J
基本建设投资
investmentininfrastructure
基本经济要素
economicfundamentals
基本适度
broadlyappropriate
基准利率
benchmarkinterestrate
机关团体存款
depositsofnon-profitinstitutions
机会成本
opportunitycost
激励机制
incentivemechanism
积压严重
heavystockpile;excessiveinventory
挤提存款
runonbanks
挤占挪用
unwarranteddiversionof(financial)resources(fromdesignateduses)
技改投资
investmentintechnologicalupgrading
技术密集型产品
technology-intensiveproduct
计划单列市
municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus
计划经济
plannedeconomy
集体经济
thecollectivesector
加大结构调整力度
tointensifystructuraladjustment
加工贸易
processingtrade
加快态势
acceleratingtrend
加强税收征管稽查
toenhancetaxadministration
加权价
weightedaverageprice
价格放开
priceliberalization
价格形成机制
pricingmechanism
减亏
toreducelosses
简化手续
tocutredtape;tosimplify(streamline)procedures
交投活跃
brisktrading
缴存准备金
todepositrequiredreserves
结构扭曲
structuraldistortion
结构失调
structuralimbalance
结构性矛盾突出
acutestructuralimbalance
结构优化
structuralimprovement(optimization)
结汇、售汇
saleandpurchaseofforeignexchange
金融脆弱
financialfragility
金融动荡
financialturbulence
金融风波
financialdisturbance
金融恐慌
financialpanic
金融危机
financialcrisis
金融压抑
financialrepression
金融衍生物
financialderivatives
金融诈骗
financialfraud
紧缩银根
totightenmonetarypolicy
紧缩政策
austeritypolicies;tightfinancialpolicies
经常账户可兑换
currentaccountconvertibility
经济特区
specialeconomiczones(SEZs)
经济体制改革
economicreform
经济增长方式的转变
changeinthemainsourceofeconomicgrowth(frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains)
经济增长减速
economicslowdown;moderationineconomicgrowth
经济制裁
economicsanction
经营自主权
autonomyinmanagement
景气回升
recoveryinbusinessactivity
境外投资
overseasinvestment
竞争加剧
intensifyingcompetition
局部性金融风波
localized(isolated)financialdisturbance
K
开办人民币业务
toengageinRMBbusiness
可维持(可持续)经济增长
sustainableeconomicgrowth
可变成本
variablecost
可自由兑换货币
freelyconvertiblecurrency
控制现金投放
controlcurrencyissuance
扣除物价因素
inrealterms;oninflation-adjustedbasis
库存产品
inventory
跨国银行业务
cross-borderbanking
跨年度采购
cross-yearprocurement
会计准则
accountingstandard
L
来料加工
processingofimportedmaterialsforexport
离岸银行业务
off-shorebanking(business)
理顺外贸体制
torationalizeforeigntraderegime
利率杠杆的调节作用
theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation
利润驱动
profit-driven
利息回收率
interestcollectionratio
联行清算
inter-banksettlement
连锁企业
franchise(businesses);chainbusinesses
良性循环
virtuouscycle
两极分化
growingincomedisparity;polarizationinincomedistribution
零售物价指数
retailpriceindex(RPI)
流动性比例
liquidityratio
流动资产周转率/流通速度
velocityofliquidassets
流动资金贷款
workingcapitalloans
流通体制
distributionsystem
流通网络
distributionnetwork
留购(租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物)
hirepurchase
垄断行业
monopolizedindustry(sector)
乱集资
irregular(illegal)fundraising
乱收费
irregular(illegal)charges
乱摊派
unjustified(arbitrary)levies
M
买方市场
buyer'smarket
卖方市场
seller'smarket
卖出回购证券
matchedsaleofrepo
贸易差额
tradebalance
民间信用
non-institutionalizedcredit
免二减三
exemptionofincometaxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionforthefollowingthreeyears
明补
explicitsubsidy
明亏
explicitloss
名牌产品
brandproducts
母国(请见“东道国”)
homecountry
N
内部控制
internalcontrol
内部审计
internalaudit
内地与香港
themainlandandHongKong
内债
domesticdebt
扭亏为盈
toturnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone
扭曲金融分配
distortedallocationoffinancialresources
农副产品采购支出
outlaysforagriculturalprocurement
农村信用社
ruralcreditcooperatives(RCCs)
P
泡沫效应
bubbleeffect
泡沫经济
bubbleeconomy
培育新的经济增长点
totapnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth
片面追求发展速度
excessivepursuitofgrowth
平衡发展
balanceddevelopment
瓶颈制约
bottleneck(constraints)
平稳回升
steadyrecovery
铺底流动资金
initial(start-up)workingcapital
普遍回升
broad-basedrecovery
配套改革
concomitant(supporting)reforms
配套人民币资金
localcurrencyfundingof…
Q
企业办社会
enterprisesburdenedwithsocialresponsibilities
企业集团战略
corporategroupstrategy
企业兼并重组
companymergerandrestructuring
企业领导班子
enterprisemanagement
企业所得税
enterprise(corporate)incometax
企业效益
corporateprofitability
企业资金违规流入股市
irregularflowofenterprisefundsintothestockmarket
欠税
taxarrears
欠息
overdueintere