1、金融经济专业词汇术语大全经济金融术语汉英对照表A安全网safetynet按可比口径oncomparablebasis按轻重缓急toprioritize暗补implicitsubsidy暗亏hiddenlossB颁发营业执照tolicense;tograntalicenceto办理存款业务totakedeposits保护农民的生产积极性toprotectfarmersincentivetoproduce备付金(超额准备金)excessreserves本外币并账consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts本外币对冲操作sterilization
2、operation本位利益localizedinterest;departmentalism奔小康tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-do避税(请见“逃税”)taxavoidance币种搭配不当currencymismatch币种构成currencycomposition变相社会集资disguisedirregular(orillegal)fundraising表外科目(业务)off-balance-sheetitems(operation)薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes不变成本fixedcost不变价atconstantpri
3、ce;inrealterms不动产realestate不良贷款(资产)problemloans;non-performingloans(assets)C财务公司financecompanies财政赤字fiscaldeficit财政挤银行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank(overmonetarypolicy)财政政策与货币政策的配合coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies采取循序渐进的方法inaphasedandsequencedmanner操作弹性operationalflexibility操纵汇率tomanipulateexc
4、hangerate产品构成productcomposition;productmix产品积压stockpile;excessiveinventory产销率currentperiodinventory;(即期库存,不含前期库存)sales/outputratio产销衔接marketability产业政策industrialpolicy长期国债treasurybonds敞口头寸openposition炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket承购包销underwrite(securities)成套机电产品completesetsofequipment;completeplant(s
5、)城市信用社urbancreditcooperatives(UCCs)城市合作银行urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks城市商业银行municipalcommercialbanks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅realgrowthinhouseholdincome持续升温persistentoverheating重复布点duplicateprojects重置成本replacementcost重组计划restructuringplan筹资渠道fundingsources;financingchannels初见成效initialsuccess出口统一管理
6、、归口经营canalizationofexports出口退税exporttaxrebate储蓄存款householddeposits(不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款,后者不包括。)储蓄分流diversionofhouseholddeposits储源萎缩declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings传导机制transmissionmechanism从价税advaloremtax从紧控制tightcontrol存贷款比例loan/depositratio存款保险体系depositinsurancesystem存款货币银行de
7、positmoneybanks存款准备金requiredreservesD打白条issueIOU大额存单certificateofdeposit(CD)大额提现withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts大面积滑坡wide-spreaddecline大一统的银行体制(all-in-one)mono-banksystem呆账(请见“坏账”)badloans呆账准备金loanlossreserves(provisions)呆滞贷款idleloans贷款沉淀non-performingloans贷款分类loanclassification贷款限额管理creditcontrol;toi
8、mposecreditceiling贷款约束机制creditdisciplinary(constraint)mechanism代理国库toactasfiscalagent代理金融机构贷款makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions戴帽贷款ear-markedloans倒逼机制reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition道德风险moralhazard地区差别regionaldisparity第一产业theprimaryindustry第二产业thesecondaryindustry第三产业the
9、serviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry递延资产deferrableassets订货不足insufficientorders定期存款timedeposits定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources东道国(请见“母国”)hostcountry独立核算independentaccounting短期国债treasurybills对冲操作sterilizationoperation;hedging对非金融部门债权claimsonnon-financialsector多种所有制形式diversifiedownershipE恶性通货膨胀hyper
10、inflation二级市场secondarymarketF发行货币toissuecurrency发行总股本totalstockissue法定准备金requiredreserves;reserverequirement法人股institutionalshares法人股东institutionalshareholders法治ruleoflaw房地产投资realestateinvestment放松银根toeasemonetarypolicy非现场稽核off-sitesurveillance(ormonitoring)非银行金融机构non-bankfinancialinstitutions非赢利性机构
11、non-profitorganizations分税制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;taxassignmentsystem分业经营segregationoffinancialbusiness(services);divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions风险暴露(风险敞口)riskexposure风险管理riskmanagement风险意识riskawareness风险资本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios风险资本标准risk-basedcapitalstand
12、ard服务事业收入publicservicecharges;userscharges扶贫povertyalleviation负增长negativegrowth复式预算制double-entrybudgeting;capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccountG改革试点reformexperimentation杠杆率leverageratio杠杆收购leveragedbuyout高息集资toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest个人股non-institutionalshares根本扭转fundamentalturnaround(orreversal
13、)公开市场操作openmarketoperations公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts公用事业publicutilities公有经济thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector公有制publicownership工业成本利润率profit-to-costratio工业增加值industrialvalueadded供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply鼓励措施incentives股份合作企业joint-equitycooperativeenterprises股份制企业joint
14、-equityenterprises股份制银行joint-equitybanks固定资产贷款fixedassetloans关税减免tariffreductionandexemption关税减让tariffconcessions关税优惠tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment规范行为toregularize(orstandardize)behavior规模效益economiesofscale国计民生nationalinterestandpeopleslivelihood国家对个人其他支出othergovernmentoutlaystoindivid
15、uals国家风险countryrisk国际分工internationaldivisionoflabor国际收支balanceofpayments国有独资商业银行whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks国有经济(部门)thestate-owned(orpublic)sector国有企业state-ownedenterprises(SOEs)国有制state-ownership国有资产流失erosionofstateassets国债回购governmentsecuritiesrepurchase国债一级自营商primaryunderwritersofgovernmentse
16、curities过度竞争excessivecompetition过度膨胀excessiveexpansion过热迹象signsofoverheatingH合理预期rationalexpectation核心资本corecapital合资企业joint-ventureenterprises红利dividend宏观经济运营良好soundmacroeconomicperformance宏观经济基本状况macroeconomicfundamentals宏观调控macroeconomicmanagement(oradjustment)宏观调控目标macroeconomicobjectives(ortarg
17、ets)坏账baddebt还本付息debtservice换汇成本unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings汇兑在途fundsinfloat汇兑支出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiarysbank汇率并轨unificationofexchangerates活期存款demanddeposits汇率失调exchangeratemisalignment混合所有制diversified(mixed)ownership货币政策态势monetarypolicystance货款拖欠overdueobligati
18、onstosuppliersJ基本建设投资investmentininfrastructure基本经济要素economicfundamentals基本适度broadlyappropriate基准利率benchmarkinterestrate机关团体存款depositsofnon-profitinstitutions机会成本opportunitycost激励机制incentivemechanism积压严重heavystockpile;excessiveinventory挤提存款runonbanks挤占挪用unwarranteddiversionof(financial)resources(fro
19、mdesignateduses)技改投资investmentintechnologicalupgrading技术密集型产品technology-intensiveproduct计划单列市municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus计划经济plannedeconomy集体经济thecollectivesector加大结构调整力度tointensifystructuraladjustment加工贸易processingtrade加快态势acceleratingtrend加强税收征管稽查toenhancetaxadministration加权价weighte
20、daverageprice价格放开priceliberalization价格形成机制pricingmechanism减亏toreducelosses简化手续tocutredtape;tosimplify(streamline)procedures交投活跃brisktrading缴存准备金todepositrequiredreserves结构扭曲structuraldistortion结构失调structuralimbalance结构性矛盾突出acutestructuralimbalance结构优化structuralimprovement(optimization)结汇、售汇saleandpu
21、rchaseofforeignexchange金融脆弱financialfragility金融动荡financialturbulence金融风波financialdisturbance金融恐慌financialpanic金融危机financialcrisis金融压抑financialrepression金融衍生物financialderivatives金融诈骗financialfraud紧缩银根totightenmonetarypolicy紧缩政策austeritypolicies;tightfinancialpolicies经常账户可兑换currentaccountconvertibilit
22、y经济特区specialeconomiczones(SEZs)经济体制改革economicreform经济增长方式的转变changeinthemainsourceofeconomicgrowth(frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains)经济增长减速economicslowdown;moderationineconomicgrowth经济制裁economicsanction经营自主权autonomyinmanagement景气回升recoveryinbusinessactivity境外投资overseasinvestment竞争加剧intensifyin
23、gcompetition局部性金融风波localized(isolated)financialdisturbanceK开办人民币业务toengageinRMBbusiness可维持(可持续)经济增长sustainableeconomicgrowth可变成本variablecost可自由兑换货币freelyconvertiblecurrency控制现金投放controlcurrencyissuance扣除物价因素inrealterms;oninflation-adjustedbasis库存产品inventory跨国银行业务cross-borderbanking跨年度采购cross-yearpro
24、curement会计准则accountingstandardL来料加工processingofimportedmaterialsforexport离岸银行业务off-shorebanking(business)理顺外贸体制torationalizeforeigntraderegime利率杠杆的调节作用theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation利润驱动profit-driven利息回收率interestcollectionratio联行清算inter-banksettlement连锁企业franchise(businesses);chainbusines
25、ses良性循环virtuouscycle两极分化growingincomedisparity;polarizationinincomedistribution零售物价指数retailpriceindex(RPI)流动性比例liquidityratio流动资产周转率/流通速度velocityofliquidassets流动资金贷款workingcapitalloans流通体制distributionsystem流通网络distributionnetwork留购(租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物)hirepurchase垄断行业monopolizedindustry(sector)乱集资irregul
26、ar(illegal)fundraising乱收费irregular(illegal)charges乱摊派unjustified(arbitrary)leviesM买方市场buyersmarket卖方市场sellersmarket卖出回购证券matchedsaleofrepo贸易差额tradebalance民间信用non-institutionalizedcredit免二减三exemptionofincometaxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionforthefollowingthreeyears明补explicitsubsi
27、dy明亏explicitloss名牌产品brandproducts母国(请见“东道国”)homecountryN内部控制internalcontrol内部审计internalaudit内地与香港themainlandandHongKong内债domesticdebt扭亏为盈toturnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone扭曲金融分配distortedallocationoffinancialresources农副产品采购支出outlaysforagriculturalprocurement农村信用社ruralcreditcooperatives(RC
28、Cs)P泡沫效应bubbleeffect泡沫经济bubbleeconomy培育新的经济增长点totapnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth片面追求发展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth平衡发展balanceddevelopment瓶颈制约bottleneck(constraints)平稳回升steadyrecovery铺底流动资金initial(start-up)workingcapital普遍回升broad-basedrecovery配套改革concomitant(supporting)reforms配套人民币资金localcurrencyfundingofQ企业办社会enterprisesburdenedwithsocialresponsibilities企业集团战略corporategroupstrategy企业兼并重组companymergerandrestructuring企业领导班子enterprisemanagement企业所得税enterprise(corporate)incometax企业效益corporateprofitability企业资金违规流入股市irregularflowofenterprisefundsintothestockmarket欠税taxarrears欠息overdueintere
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