大学英语精读第三册.docx
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大学英语精读第三册
BookThreeLessonThirteen
affluent[]adj.havingalotofmoney,sothatyoucanaffordtobuyexpensivethings,liveinanicehouseetc.富裕的,富足的:
Hewasborninanaffluentfamily.
[词形变换]affluencen.[U]富足,富裕
axe/ax[]n.[C]especiallyBrE。
AmEusuallyaxatoolwithawoodenhandleandaheavymetalblade,usedforchoppingwood,cuttingdowntrees,etc.斧b5E2RGbCAP
[记忆技巧]区别形近词:
ax<斧>→ox(牛>→axis<轴)注意:
ax的复数形式是axes,axis的复数形式也是axes.p1EanqFDPw
banal[:
]adj.disapprovingveryordinaryandcontainingnothingthatisinterestingorimportant平庸的,陈腐的,平淡无味的:
Histhoughtswerebanal.DXDiTa9E3d
[词形变换]banalityn.平庸,陈词滥调
battered[]adj.old,usedalot,andnotinverygoodcondition破旧不堪的:
abatteredoldcar/suitcaseRTCrpUDGiT
beam[:
]n.[C]rayorstreamoflight光线<阳光):
abeamoftorch5PCzVD7HxA
[补充意义]1>.n.[C]long,thickandusuallyheavybarofwood,esp.oneusedinbuilding横梁:
Thecottagehadanoriginalfireplaceandoakbeams.2>.v.[I。
T]tohaveabighappysmileonyourface笑容满面,眉开眼笑:
Hebeamedatthejournalists.Thebarmanbeamedawarmsmileather.jLBHrnAILg
[典型试卷]Whenhecamedownthestairs,hewas_____withdelight.xHAQX74J0X
A.beamingB.bearing
C.beatingD.batting
[试卷详解]答案为A.句意:
他下楼时,高兴得满脸笑容。
beam指微笑;bear意为“承受,忍受”,指“tobeabletoacceptanddealwithsth.unpleasant”;beat意为“击打”;bat意为“用球棒击球<尤指板球或棒球运动)”,如:
Hebatsverywell.LDAYtRyKfE
behead[]v.[T]usuallypassivetocutoffsb.’shead,esp.asapunishment将<某人)斩首<尤指刑罚):
CharlesⅠwasbeheadedin1649.Zzz6ZB2Ltk
boast[]v.[I。
T]totalk(aboutone’sachievements,abilitiesetc.>withtoomuchprideorsatisfaction自夸,自吹自擂:
Sheisalwaysboastingabouthowwonderfulherchildrenare.dvzfvkwMI1
[补充意义]n.[C]oftendisapprovingproudwordsusedinpraiseofoneself自夸,夸耀:
Itwasherproudboastthatshehadnevermissedaday’swork.rqyn14ZNXI
[词形变换]boastfuladj.(人>好自夸的;boastern.自诩者
braid[v.[T]totwistthreeormorelongpiecesofhair,rope,etc.togethertomakeonelongpiece将<头发,绳子等)编织成辫:
Shebraidsherhaireverymorning.EmxvxOtOco
burden[:
]v.[T]toputaheavyload,duty,obligationetc.onsb.(使>担负(重物,责任或义务>:
Thegovernmentburdenedthenationwithheavytaxes.SixE2yXPq5
[补充意义]n.1>.[C]aduty,responsibilityetc.thatcausesworry,difficultyorhardwork(义务,责任等的>重担,负担:
Idon’twanttobeaburdentomychildrenwhenI’mold.2>.[C]formalaheavyloadthatisdifficulttocarry重担,负荷:
Theoldmanbentwithaheavyburdenonhisback.6ewMyirQFL
[常用短语]lighten/relieveaburden减负;carryaburden负载重物;shoulderaburden肩负重物;shareaburden分担责任kavU42VRUs
caution[]v.[T]towarnsb.tobecarefulaboutsth.警告:
Wearecautionednottomakealotofnoiseaftertenintheevening.y6v3ALoS89
[补充意义]n.1>.[U]takingcare。
payingattention(toavoiddangerormakingmistakes>小心,谨慎,慎重:
Dadalwaysdriveswithcaution.2>.[C]formalwarningwords(对危险或风险的>警告,告诫:
Thepolicemanletthedriveroffwithacaution.M2ub6vSTnP
[常用短语]cautionsb.aboutsth.警告某人某事;cautionsb.fordoingsth.因……而警告某人;cautionsb.againstdoing/nottodosth.警告某人不要做某事0YujCfmUCw
[典型考题]Alwaysshesoughtsomeonetowhomshecouldtalkwithout_____.eUts8ZQVRd
A.cautionB.mind
C.heartD.attention
[试卷详解]答案为A.句意:
她经常找一个无需戒备的人讲出心里话。
withcaution小心<需要提防地);反之withoutcaution在此指无需防备地;考生从本句中可以了解到她想找个人交谈,由此可以断定她希望找一个能够推心置腹交谈的人。
注意:
without不与mind,heart,attention搭配。
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[词形变换]cautiousadj.小心的,谨慎的;cautiouslyadv.小心地,慎重地GMsIasNXkA
cellar[]n.[C]undergroundroomforstoringthings<用来储物的)地窖,地下室:
Wearebuildingapotatocellar.TIrRGchYzg
[补充意义]n.[C]所储藏的酒:
Ourneighborkeepsagoodcellar.7EqZcWLZNX
ceremonial[]adj.usuallybeforenounusedinceremony礼仪的,用于礼仪的:
aceremonialsword礼仪佩剑lzq7IGf02E
challenge[]v.[T]toinvitesb.toenteracompetition,fight,etc.toprovewhoisbetter,stronger,ormoreable向<某人)挑战:
Theyhadchallengedandbeatenthebestteamintheworld.zvpgeqJ1hk
[补充意义]v.[T]torefusetoacceptsomethingandquestionwhetheritisright,legal,etc.拒绝接受,对……质疑:
Nowadaysnoonewillchallengethefactthattheearthisround.n.1>.[C]aninvitationorsuggestiontosb.thattheyshouldenteracompetition,fight,etc.挑战书,<比赛等的)邀请:
Thechampionsarereadytoacceptachallengefromanyteamsthatisaseriouscontender.2>.[C]astatementoranactionthatshowssb.refusestoacceptsth.andquestionswhetheritisright,legaletc.质疑:
Itwasadirectchallengetothepresident’sauthority.NrpoJac3v1
[典型考题]Heproclaimedhisinnocenceand____hisaccuserstoconfronthimopenly.1nowfTG4KI
A.contestedB.challenged
C.exclaimedD.acclaimed
[试卷详解]答案为B.句意:
他发誓自己是无辜的,要求和控告者们公开对质。
challengesb.todosth.<向某人)发出强烈要求<做某事);因为他相信自己是无辜的,所以肯定会向控告者们提出挑战,要求公开对质。
contest争夺,竞争;exclaim<因痛苦,愤怒,惊奇等)呼喊,惊叫;acclaim称誉某人,给某人高度评价。
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[词形变换]challengern.挑战者;challengingadj.引起兴趣的,有挑战性的tfnNhnE6e5
cord[]n.[C。
U]apieceofthickstringorthinrope(acordisthinnerthanropeandthickerthanastring>粗线,细绳Hetiedthepackagewithacord.HbmVN777sL
debris。
AmE:
n.[U]piecesofwood,metalandbricketc.thatareleftaftersth.isdestroyed残骸,碎片:
Emergencyteamsarestillclearingthedebrisfromtheairclash.V7l4jRB8Hs
diagnosev.[T]tofindoutthenatureofanillness诊断,判断<疾病):
Theillnesswasdiagnosedascancer.83lcPA59W9
diapern.[C]apieceofsoftcloththatisputbetweenababy’slegsfasteneditswristtoholdliquidandsolidwaste尿布mZkklkzaaP
disputen.[C。
U]anargumentordisagreementbetweentwopeople,groupsorcountries争论,辩论,争论:
thedisputebetweenthetwocountriesAVktR43bpw
[补充意义]v.1>.[T]toquestionwhethersth.istrueandvalid对……提出质疑:
Thefigureshavebeendisputed.2>.[T]toargueordisagreestronglywithsb.aboutsth.especiallyaboutwhoownsit争论,辩论:
Theownershipofthislandhasbeendisputedforcenturies.ORjBnOwcEd
[常用短语]disputewith/againstsb.与某人争论
[词义辨析]dispute,discuss,debate,argue
dispute:
指因意见分歧而带着强烈或激动的感情进行争辩;discuss:
指为寻求真理而友好地商讨,各抒己见,以求圆满地解决共同关心的问题;debate:
意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩;argue:
指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护,着重说理、论证和企图说服。
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dolln.[C]achild’stoyintheshapeofaperson,esp.ababyorachild.玩偶,洋娃娃:
aragdollgIiSpiue7A
eternaladj.withoutanend,orexistingorcontinuingforever不朽的,永久的:
Sheisaneternaloptimist.uEh0U1Yfmh
[常用短语]eternallife永生;eternallove永恒的爱;eternalhappiness永恒的幸福IAg9qLsgBX
[词形变换]eternallyadv.永恒地,永久地。
eternityn.永恒,不朽
[典型考题]The__cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.WwghWvVhPE
A.eternalB.external
C.internalD.interior
[试卷详解]答案为A.句意:
生与死永无休止的循环是科学家和哲学家们感兴趣的话题。
eternal永恒的,永不停息的,强调在时间上无始无终。
external意为“外部的”;internal意为“内部的”;interior是名词,意为“内部”。
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exemplaryadj.providingagoodexampleforpeopletocopy典范的,可做榜样的:
Herbehaviorwasexemplary.ooeyYZTjj1
fatiguen.[U]greattiredness。
exhaustion疲劳,疲乏,劳累:
Driverfatiguewastoblamefortheaccident.BkeGuInkxI
[词义辨析]exhausted,weary,tired
exhausted:
verytired筋疲力尽;weary:
verydoingsomethingforalongtime(尤指长时间工作后>疲劳的;tired:
feelingthatyouwouldliketosleep,rest疲倦的PgdO0sRlMo
ferocity[fn.[U]violence。
fierceoraggressivebehavior凶猛,凶恶,残忍:
Thepolicewereshockedbytheferocityoftheattack.3cdXwckm15
flag[]v.(flagged,flagging>[I]tobecometired,weakerorlessenthusiastic疲乏,变弱:
Herconfidenceneverflagged.h8c52WOngM
[补充意义]n.[C]asquareoroblongpieceofmaterialusuallywithapatternorpictureonitthatisputupassignofacountry,organizationortomakeasignal旗帜,旗:
Alltheflagswereathalfmast.v4bdyGious
[常用短语]keeptheflagflying坚持到底,不屈服;showtheflag显示军事力量J0bm4qMpJ9
formidable[fadj.causingfearandinspiringrespect令人敬畏的:
Shehasaformidablelistofqualification.XVauA9grYP
funeral[n.burialofcremationofdeadpersonwiththeusualheldceremonies葬礼:
ThefuneralwillbeheldatSt.Martin’schurch.bR9C6TJscw
giblets]n.edibleorgans(heart,liver>ofabirdthatcanbeusedasfood内脏,杂碎pN9LBDdtrd
glare[]v.[I]tostareangrilyandfiercelyatsb.怒目而视:
Ilookedatherandsheglaredfuriouslyback.DJ8T7nHuGT
[补充意义]1>.v.toshinewithaverystrongbrightlightwhichhurtsyoureyes发出刺眼的光:
Thesunglaredthroughthecarwindscreen.2>.n.[C]ahardunpleasanteffectgivenbyastronglight刺眼的强光:
theglareofthesun.QF81D7bvUA
[典型考题]Childrenshouldbetaughtnotto_____thedisabledpeople.4B7a9QFw9h
A.stareatBglanceat
C.gazeatD.glareat
[试卷详解]答案为A.glanceat匆匆地瞥一下<强调“匆匆”和“瞥”的短);glareat怒视<强调情绪是怒);stareat盯着看,凝视;gazeat盯住<因为对某人或某物感兴趣或是某人或某物很有吸引力)。
ix6iFA8xoX
gravy[]n.[U]abrownsaucemadebyaddingflourtothejuicesthatcomeoutofmeatwhileitiscooking<调味)肉汁wt6qbkCyDE
hazy[]adj.(hazier,haziest>notclearbecausehaze朦胧的,薄雾蒙蒙的:
Themountainswerehazyinthedistance.远处的山峦在薄雾中若隐若现。
Kp5zH46zRk
hurl[h]v.[T+adv./prep.]tothrowsth./sb.violentlyinaparticulardirection猛扔,猛投,猛投:
Hehurledabrickthroughthewindow.Yl4HdOAA61
[典型考题]He______abrickthroughthewindow.
A.castB.hurled
C.putD.tossed
[试卷详解]答案为B.句意:
他用力地把砖块掷进窗里。
castv.投,掷;指抛较轻的东西,用力小,但速度快。
如:
Thefishermancasthisnetintothewater.putv.推,掷,指用全身力量猛推某物,主要用于体育方面。
hurlv.用力投掷:
指猛烈地或用力地抛出一件东西。
tossv.投,掷,用于轻的物体,表示随意地轻轻地一抛。
例如:
Pleasetossmethematches.请把火柴扔给我。
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ill-informedadj.havingorshowinglittleknowledgeofsth.了解不够的,信息不足的:
Thepublicisill-informedabouttheirlegalrights.qd3YfhxCzo
inconceivable[]adj.[in-<不)+conceivable<相信的)]impossibletoimagineorbelieve难以想象的,无法相信的:
Itisinconceivablethattheministerwasnotawareoftheproblem.E836L11DO5
interrogator[]n.apersonwhoquestionssb.closelyoraggressivelyforalongtime询问者,质问者S42ehLvE3M
lining[]n.[C]alayerofmaterialusedtocovertheinsidesurfaceofsth.衬层,内衬,里衬501nNvZFis
[常用短语]silverlining:
acomfortingormorehopefulsidetoasadordifficultsituation困难中看到的一点慰藉,光明jW1viftGw9
mushmouth[]n.slangape