英语全国卷阅读理解详解.docx

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英语全国卷阅读理解详解.docx

英语全国卷阅读理解详解

英语全国卷阅读理解详解

 

 

————————————————————————————————作者:

————————————————————————————————日期:

 

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语(阅读理解)

第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

Washington,D.C. BicycleTours

Cherry BlossomBike TourinWashington,D.C.

Duration:

3hours

Thissmallgroupbiketouris afantasticwaytoseethe world-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington, D.C. Yourguide willprovide ahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswhere theyblossom.Reserveyourspot beforeavailability–andthecherryblossoms–disappear!

WashingtonCapital MonumentsBicycleTour

Duration:

3hours(4miles)

Join aguided biketour andviewsomeofthemostpopularmonuments inWashington, D.C.Explorethemonuments and memorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryat each stop.Guidedtourincludes bike, helmet,cookies andbottledwater.

CapitalCityBike Tour in Washington,D.C.

Duration:

3hours

MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristhe perfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslooking toexperienceWashington,D.C.ina healthywaywithminimum effort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertain you withthemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents, Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtour route(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.

WashingtonCapital Sites at NightBicycleTour

Duration:

3hours(7 miles)

Joinasmall groupbiketour for an evening of explorationin the heartofWashington,D.C.Get upclosetothemonumentsandmemorials as youbike thesitesof CapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequent stopsaremadeforphoto taking asyourguideoffersunique factsandhistory. Tour includes bike,helmet,andbottled water.Allridersare equippedwithreflective vests andsafetylights.

 

21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobook inadvance?

A.Cherry BlossomBikeTour inWashington,D.C.

B.Washington Capital MonumentsBicycleTour.

C. CapitalCityBikeTour inWashington,D.C.

D. WashingtonCapitalSitesatNight BicycleTour.

22.Whatwill youdoontheCapitalCityBike Tour?

A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanational park.

C.Visit well-knownmuseums.ﻩD.Enjoy interestingstories.

23. Whichofthe followingdoes thebicycletourat nightprovide?

A.City maps.ﻩB.Cameras.

C.Meals.ﻩﻩD. Safetylights.

 

解析:

本篇文章讲的是华盛顿举办的几个自行车骑行活动,内容较简单。

21.A.细节理解题。

原文中Reserve yourspotbeforeavailability对应题目中的book in advance。

出题人喜欢将原文中的内容进行同义词或者同义句的替换,这一点考生要多加注意。

22.D.细节理解题。

根据设问快速定位其在原文中的位置,进行简单排除即可得出答案。

Knowledgeableguideswill entertain youwiththemost interestingstoriesaboutPresidents…

23.D.细节理解题。

由设问中的at night 定位到WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour,然后由Allriders areequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafety lights得出答案。

B

GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidis used togrillingguestson thesofa everymorning,butsheiscooking upa storminherlatestrole–showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmeals onatight budget.

InSaveMoney:

GoodFood,shevisitsadifferent home eachweekandwith the helpofchefMattTebbutt offerstoptipsonhow toreducefoodwaste, whilepreparing recipes forunder£5perfamilya day. AndtheGoodMorning Britain presentersaysshe’sbeenableto putalotofwhatshe’s learntinto practiceinherownhome, preparingmealsforsons, Sam,14, Finn, 13, and Jack,11.

“We loveMexican churros,soIbuy them on my phone frommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,”sheexplains. “Ipay£5fora portion(一份),butMattmakes themfor26p aportion,becausetheyare flour, water, sugar andoil.Everybodycanbuytakeaway food,butsometimes we’renotaware howcheaply we canmakethisfoodourselves.”

Theeight-partseries (系列节目), Save Money:

 Good Food,followsinthefootstepsof ITV’s Save Money:

Good Health,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefrom thevast rangeofhealth products onthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,Susanna andMattspendtimewitha differentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteam transformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebration withlessexpensivebut stilltasty recipes.

24.What do weknowaboutSusannaReid?

A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstarted anewprogramme.

C.Shedislikesworkingearlyin themorning.ﻩD.Shehas hada tightbudgetfor herfamily.

25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelp Susanna?

A.Hebuys cookingmaterials forher.B.He preparesfood forher kids.

C.Heassists herincookingmatters.D.He invitesguestfamilies forher.

26.Whatdoes theauthorintendtodo inparagraph 4?

A.Summarize theprevious paragraphs.B.Providesomeadvicefor thereaders.

C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.ﻩD.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.

27.What can beasuitable titlefor thetext?

A. Keeping FitbyEatingSmartﻩB.BalancingOurDaily Diet

C. MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLess

解析:

本文是关于SusannaReid所创办的一个新的节目SaveMoney:

 GoodFood的介绍,教人们在日常生活中怎样用最少的钱做出美味的食物,CookingWell forLess,文章难度不大。

24.B.推理判断题。

文章中she iscookingup astorminherlatestrole–showingfamilieshowtopreparedelicious andnutritious mealson atight budget.还有后文中的Theeight-partseries 都可以推出SusannaReid开办了一个新的电视节目。

25.C.细节理解题。

InSaveMoney:

GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthome eachweekandwiththehelpofchefMatt Tebbutt offers toptipsonhow toreduce food waste…可知MattTebbutt的作用是给Susanna Reid提供建议。

26.C.推理判断题。

定位到第四段…followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:

GoodHealth可知,这一段主要讲的是这档节目的灵感来源,所以答案选C.

27.D.主旨大意题。

本文主要是对SaveMoney:

GoodFood这档节目的介绍,文章第一段showingfamilies howtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatight budget说明了这档节目的目的,所以D选项正是对这句话的最好诠释。

C

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimesthere has beenless comingandalotmore going. Whenthe world wasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系) groups developedtheirown patternsofspeech independentof eachother.Some languageexperts believethat 10,000 years ago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspoke perhaps12,000languages betweenthem.

Soonafterwards,many of thosepeoplestarted settlingdowntobecome farmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerin number.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,the developmentofthenation-stateand thespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especially globalisationandbetter communicationsin the pastfew decades,allhavecaused manylanguages todisappear,and dominant languagessuch as English,Spanish andChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

At present, theworldhasabout6,800languages. Thedistribution oftheselanguagesis hugelyuneven.Thegeneral ruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,often spokenby many people,while hot,wetzoneshavelots, oftenspokenbysmall numbers.Europehasonly around 200 languages;theAmericasabout 1,000;Africa2,400;and AsiaandthePacific perhaps 3,200,ofwhich Papua NewGuineaaloneaccountsfor wellover 800.Themediannumber(中位数) ofspeakersisamere 6,000,which meansthat halfthe world’s languagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywell over400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclose to extinction(消亡), withonlyafew elderlyspeakers left. Pick,at random,BusuuinCameroon(eightremaining speakers), Chiapaneco inMexico(150), LipanApacheintheUnitedStates (twoorthree) orWadjiguin Australia (one,withaquestion-mark):

 noneof theseseemstohavemuchchanceof survival.

28.Whatcanwe inferabout languages inhunter-gatherertimes?

A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.They werelargeinnumber.

C. Theyhadsimilarpatterns.ﻩD.Theywerecloselyconnected.

29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains “dominant”underlined inparagraph2?

A. Complex.ﻩB. Advanced.ﻩ

C.Powerful.ﻩﻩD.Modern.

30.How many languagesarespokenbylessthan6,000 people atpresent?

A.About6,800.ﻩﻩB.About 3,400.

C.About2,400.D.About 1,200.

31.Whatis themainideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguages willbecreated.

B. People’slifestylesarereflected inlanguages.

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewer languages.

D. Geography determineslanguageevolution.

 

解析:

本文主要讲的是随着人类的发展,语言的种类却越来越少,很多语言已经灭绝或者濒临灭绝,这是全球化和工业化带来的副作用需要引起我们的重视。

28.B.推理判断题。

本题的答案主要出自第一段,只要认真研读,进行简单的排除,答案不难选出。

Some language expertsbelievethat10,000yearsago, whentheworldhadjust five toten millionpeople,theyspoke perhaps12,000 languagesbetweenthem.这句话是答案的出处。

29.C.词义猜测题。

词语出自第二段。

Dominant这个词应该是比较常见的,只要考生平时注意词汇积累这个词应该能认识,所以我们在平时的英语学习中一定要注意词汇的积累。

假如不认识的话,后边的例子中例举了English,SpanishandChinese 还有词组take over这些线索都可以帮助我们来猜测词义。

30.B推理判断题。

答案出自第三段Themediannumber (中位数)ofspeakersisamere 6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’s languages arespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.结合前面的At present,the worldhas about6,800languages.这两句话就可以把答案推出来,6800 和half 是关键词。

31.C.主旨大意题。

本篇文章结构清晰,第一段是总领全文,提出观点inrecent timestherehasbeenlesscoming anda lotmore going。

第二段是解释原因,第三段是对现状的介绍,第四段是举例子。

所以答案很容易选出。

本篇文章考生可以注意出题人的出题范围,前三题分别出自前三段,第四题是对全文的考查,这也是出题人出题的一个暗含的线索,考生应该多加关注。

D

Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyat thefirst sightofsomethingshinyandnew, but anewstudyshowsthat wekeepusing ourold devices(装置)wellafter theygooutofstyle.That’sbadnews fortheenvironment–andour wallets–asthese outdateddevicesconsumemuch moreenergythan theneweronesthatdothesamethings.

Tofigure out howmuchpowerthesedevices areusing,Callie Babbittandher colleaguesattheRochesterInstituteof Technologyin NewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeach productthroughoutitslife– from whenitsmineralsareminedto

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