考研英语二真题与答案解析.docx

考研英语二真题与答案解析.docx

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考研英语二真题与答案解析

2013考研英语

（二）真题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext・Choose

thebest

word（s）

for

each

numbered

blank

and

markA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.

（10points）

Giventheadvantagesof

electronic

money,

you

might

thinkthat

we

would

movequicklytothecashlesssociety

in

which

all

payments

are

made

electronically・1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer.

Indeed,

predictions

havebeen

2

fortwo

decadesbuthavenotyetcome

to

fruition.

Forexample,

Business

Week

predicted

in1975

thatelectronic

means

of

payment

wouldsoon''revolutionize

the

very3

ofmoney

itself,'*

only

to4itself_severalyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssociety

beenso5incoming?

Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapayments

systembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearaneeofthepaper

system・First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,and

telecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8form

ofpaymentSecond,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,

somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto10・Third,theuseofpaper

checksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof'"float”-ittakesseveraldays11

checkiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer'saccount,whichmeansthat

thewriterof

thecheck

cancaminterest

on

thefunds

in

the

meantime.

13electronic

payments

arcimmediate,

they

eliminate

the

float

forthe

consumer.

Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.

Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessa

computerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnot

an16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbank

accountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse'saccounts.

The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienee

electronicmeans

ofpaymentleaves

anelectronic20

thatcontainsalarge

amountofpersonal

data・Thereare

concernsthatgovernment,employers,and

marketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.

1・[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore

[D]Otherwise

2.[A]off

[B]back

[C]over

[D]around

3.[A]power

[B]coneept

[C]history

[D]role

4.[A]reward

[B]resist

[C]resume

[D]reverse

5.[A]silent

[B]sudden

[C]slow

[D]steady

6.[A]for

[B]against

[CJwith

[D]on

7.[A]imaginative

[B]expensive

[C]sensitive

[D]productive

8.[A]similar

[B]original

[C]temporary

[D]dominant

9.[A]collect

[B]provide

[C]copy

[D]print

10.[A]giveup

[B]takeover

[C]bringback[D]passdown

11.[A]before

[B]after

[C]since

[D]when

12.[A]kept

[B]borrowed

[C]released

[D]withdrawn

13.[A]Unless

[B]Until

[C]Because

[D]Though

14.[A]hide

[B]express

[C]raise

（D]ease

15.[A]analyzed

[B]shared

[C]stored

[D]displayed

16.[A]unsafe

[B]unnatural

[C]uncommon

[D]unclear

17.[A]steal

[B]choose

[C]benefit

[D]return

18.[A]consideration

[B]prevent!

on

[C]manipulation[D]justification

19.[A]copewith

[B]fightagainst

[C]adaptto

[D]callfor

20.[A]chunk

[B]chip

[C]path

[D]trail

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts・AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,

B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

manistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.

Davidson'sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappeared

makingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentand

thaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.

moreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,

cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius・Therefore,everyoneneedsto

whateveristheirfieldofemployment.

Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere

factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious

70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared・

Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,newservices・Buttheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandthel・T・revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage・

Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG」.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.

21・ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate.

[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances

[B]thealleviationofjobpressure

[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills

[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes

22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto

[A]workoncheapsoftware

[B]askforamoderatesalary

[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle

[D]contributesomethingunique

23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat

[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased

[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed

[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore

[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered

24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis

[A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolution

[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople

[C]toadvaneeeconomicglobalization

[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

[A]NewLawTakesEffect

[B]TechnologyGoesCheap

[C]AverageIsOver

[D]RecessionIsBad

Text2

Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticineludedsettlersand

sojoumers.Alongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeinthe

UnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrived

whileabout2milliondeparted・AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood・Theyevenhadanaffectionate

nickname,“uccellidipassaggio,"birdsofpassage・

Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersinto

twocategories:

legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthe

making,orourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisover

howtofixit.Wedon'tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywe

think

about

categories・

Weneed

tolookbeyondstrict

definitions

of

legaland

illegal.

To

start,we

canrecognize

thenewbirdsof

passage,

those

livingand

thriving

in

thegray

areas・We

mightthenbegin

tosolve

our

immigration

challenges.

Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,home

health-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday*sbirdsofpassage・Theyare

energeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyand

ideas・Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanageto

haveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.

Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswith

ease・WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbe

productiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneed

themtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwo

nationshonorably.

Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudes

onbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle・Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicof

rightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthat

managingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes・

Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem・

26“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho・

[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic

[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood

[C]stayinaforeigntemporarily

[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas

27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheUS・

[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories

[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants

[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges

[DJhasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeans

28Accordingtotheauthor,today'sbirdsofpassagewant

[A]financialincentives・

[B]aglobalrecognition.

[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs・

[DJthefreedomtostayandleave・

29Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated_

[A]asfaithfulpartners.

[B]witheconomicfavors・

[C]withregaltoleranee.

[D]asmightyrivals・

30whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?

[A]comeandgo:

bigmistake

[B]livingandthriving:

greatrisk

[C]withorwithout:

greatrisk

[DJIegalorillegal:

bigmistake

Text3

Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwe

takeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreven

eliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.

whethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactvery

minute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.

tothe

Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren'texclusive

interpersonalrealm・PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,even

thoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfood

doing,Subjectsexposedtof