非谓语动词详解.docx
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非谓语动词详解
非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括动名词，动词不定式和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
针对河北中考考纲要求，掌握不定式做主语，宾语，定语，状语，理解不定式做宾语补足语，动名词和分词。
动名词
一、动名词的构成：
动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成
二、动名词的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
Eating too much is bad for your health.
吃得太多对你的健康有害。
谓语动词用单数形式。
宾语
动词宾语
I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。
Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。
表示一般的习惯或抽象
行为或经常性的动作。
介词宾语
表语
His hobby is collecting stamps.
=Collecting stamps is his hobby.
多数情况下，动名词作表
语可转化成作主语。
定语
She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。
We should improve our teaching methods.
我们应该改进教学方法。
只表明它所修饰的词的用
途、所属关系等。
置于所
修饰词之前。
注意：
英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。
我们初中阶段常见的有：
finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。
我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。
完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）
继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）
考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like）
喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）
动词不定式
一、动词不定时的构成
不定时的基本形式为：
to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。
功能
例句
说明
主语
To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to
speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。
作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。
表语
My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。
多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。
宾语
—What sports does he like to play?
他喜欢做什么运动？
—He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。
只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补
My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。
在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。
定语
Have you got anything to say?
你有要说的吗？
不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语
I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。
I went to the library to study English.（表目的）
不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
1. 不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末 其结构为：
It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式
如：
To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well.
It’s important for us to protect the environment.
注意：
在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。
如：
It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。
2. 不定式作宾语
①有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的。
如：
would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。
如：
Would you like to see a film this evening?
你今晚想去看电影吗？
②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。
如：
I find it easy to read English every day.
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式
Why not do..., Why don't you do...,
had better（not）do...,
would rather do,
could/would/will you please（not）do...
I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。
3. 不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
如：
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。
tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如：
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
注意：
还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。
这些动词有：
一感（feel）、
二听（hear, listen to）、
三让（let, make, have）、
四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。
但变被动语态时，必须加上to。
如：
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4. 不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。
它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。
5.不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用相当于一个宾语从句。
如：
The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。
分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词由“动词ing”构成。
过去分词的基本形式是“动词ed”，也有不规则动词的形式。
现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成。
由于近五年中考分词这部分不作为考查内容，故不展开学习。
三、典型例题讲解
1.【河北省2013】39.Thechildrendecide____theirschoolyardthisFridayafternoon.
A.cleanB.tocleanC.cleaningD.Cleaned
【答案】B
2.【河北省2012】37._____abookinthelibrary,enterakeywordintothecomputer.
A.TofindB.FindC.TowriteD.Write
【答案】A
3.【河北省2011】32. Whenever you have a chance____ English, you should take it.
A.speak B. to speak C. spoke D. speaks
【答案】C
4.【2010河北省卷】33. I’d like you ________ for a picnic with us.
A. go B. to go C. going D. went
【答案】B
5.【2009河北省卷】39.Don’tputofftoday’sworkfortomorrow.Imean,today’swork______today.
A.maydoB.mustdoC.maybedoneD.mustbedone
【答案】D
6.【2012内蒙古包头】31.energy,turnoffthehotwaterafteryoutakeashower.
A.SaveB.SavingC.SavedD.Tosave
【答案】D
7.【2011山东泰安】33.—Ifeeltiredandsleepy.
—Whynotstop______forawhile?
A.restB.torestC.restingD.rested
答案：
B
8.【2011山东威海】34.Whattimedoyouexpecther________?
A.arriveB.isarrivingC.arrivingD.toarrive
答案：
D
9.【2011山东威海】37.Thismathproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme________,George?
A.whattoworkoutB.toworkitout
C.howtoworkitoutD.howtoworkoutit
答案：
C
10.（2010·河南省，24，1）（）Fatheroftentellsme--toomuchtimeoncomputergames.
Adon'tspendBnotspendCnottospendDnotspending
【答案】C
11.（2010·湖北省黄冈市，43，1）-Howwouldyourfamilyliketotravel?
--It'saprobleminmyfamily.Motherpreferstotakeabustotravel,whilefatheralwayssticks______
totravel.
A.todriveB.todrivingC.drivingD.drive
【答案】B
12.（2010·山东省聊城市，34，1）Theteachersoftentelltheirpubils________aerosstheroadwhen
thetrafficlightisred.
A.notgoB.nottogoC.don'tgoD.didn'tgo
【答案】B
13.【2013江苏泰州】12. — I feel stressed from time to time. Could you give me some advice?
— ________ sharing your worries with your parents?
A. Why don't you B. How about C. Why not D. Would you like
【答案】 B
14.【2013四川宜宾】33.—Would you mind ______ in the dining hall?
—Of course not.
A. not to smoke B. not smoking C. smoke D. not smoke
【答案】B
15.【2013四川雅安】12. Students should learn how ___ problems.
A. solve B. solving C. can solve D. to solve
【答案】D
四、当堂练习
1.（2013·河北承德二模）Areyoubusytonight?
Whatabout___ourdogaftersupper?
A.towalkB.walkedC.walkD.walking
2,（2013·河北廊坊二模）Sheenjoys____tomusic.It’srelaxing.
A.listenB.tolistenC.listeningD.laughed
3.（2013·山东淄博一模）----WhereisMarry?
-----She’sbusy____fortheexam.
A.tostudyB.studyingC.studiesD.study
4.（2013·北京西城一模）Mygrandmaisill.Thedoctoraskedher___inbedforafewdays.
A.tostayB.stayedC.stayD.stayed
5.（2013·北京海淀一模）Myteacherofterntellsushow____ahealthylife.
A.toliveB.livingC.liveD.live
6.【2012贵州贵阳】44. It took Janet three hours _______ reading this interesting story.
A. to finish B. finished C. finishing
7.【2012广东】44. It took me two weeks reading the novels written by Guo Jingming.
A. finish B. to finish C. finishes D. Finishing
8.【2012贵州安顺】26.When I went into the room，I found _____ in bed．
A．him lying B．he lying C．he lies D．him was lying
9.【2012湖北咸宁】32. Drivers shouldn't be allowed _______ after drinking, or they will break the law.
A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. to be driven
10.【2012 内蒙古包头】31. ___ energy, turn off the hot water after you take a shower.
A. Save B. Saving C. Saved D. To save
11.【2012山东聊城】31. ________ English well, one must have a lot of practice.
A. Speaks B. To speak C. Spoken D. Speak
12.（2010·通化中考）Thewomanmadehisson_____finallyaftershetoldhimsomejokes.
A.laughedB.tolaughC.laughD.laughing
13.（2010·黄冈中考）—Howwouldyourfamilyliketotravel?
--It’saprobleminmyfamily.Motherpreferstotakeabustotravel,whilefatheralwayssticks______
totravel.
A.todriveB.todrivingC.drivingD.drive
14.（2010·陕西中考）Don’tforget_________anumbrella_______you.It’sgoingtorain.
A.totake;toB.taking;toC.totake;withD.taking;with
15.（2010·莱芜中考）Mostoftheyoungpeopleenjoy______JayChou'ssongs.
A．singB．sangC．singingD．tosing
五、课后作业
1. 【2013四川雅安】8. 一Can you finish_____these books before 10 o'clock?
一Yes, I can.
A. to read B. read C. reads D. reading
2.【2013山东青岛】15. — Excuse me. Could you please tell me ______ my car?
—Sure. Park it right here. I’ll help you.
A. how to stop B. where to park C. where to stop D. when to park
3.【2013福建福州】39. — Nick, would you mind _________ out of the bathroom?
— Sorry. I won't be long.
A. come B. to come C. coming
4.【2013广东湛江】22. —Why not ____ to the park now?
—Good idea!
Let’s go.
A. go B. to go C. goes D. going
5.【2013山东滨州】31. —Would you like____camping with me?
—I’d like to. But I’m busy ______ my homework.
A. to go; to do B. to go; doing C. going; to do D. going; doing
6.【2013山东泰安】30. —Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?
—_______ abroad for further study.
A. Go B. Gone C. To go D. Goes
7.【2013浙江舟山、嘉兴】24. —I’m new here.
—Don’t worry. I’ll do what I can ________ you.
A. help B. to help C. invite D. to invite
8.【2013四川南充】29. Jack’s teacher asked him ________ off the lights after class.
A. turning B. turned C. to turn
9.【2013四川凉山】32.When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place .
A. to live B. living in C. to live in
10.【2013贵州安顺】19. “Who’s the boy in white T-shirt _____ under the tree?
” “My friend.”
A. stand B. to stand C. stood D. standing
11.【2013辽宁鞍山】 35. Jessica's parents always encourage her _____out heropinions.
A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. will speak
12.【2013湖北随州】34. —What did your teacher say this morning?
—She told us ______ make faces in class.
A. to not B. not to C. do not D. didn't
13.【2013湖北随州】27. —Let's play football on the playground.
—— It’s too hot outside. I would rather______ at home than______ out.
A. to stay; go B. staying; going C. stay; to go D. stay; go
14.【2013黑龙江绥化】14. Remember ________ off the lights when you leave the room, please.
A. to turn B. turning C.
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