非谓语动词详解.docx

1、非谓语动词详解非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动名词，动词不定式和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。针对河北中考考纲要求，掌握不定式做主语，宾语，定语，状语，理解不定式做宾语补足语，动名词和分词。动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成二、动名词的句法功能 功能例句说明主语Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语动词宾语Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stampsareusedforsendingletters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作

2、。介词宾语表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语Sheisinthereadingroom.她在阅览室。Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。 我们初中阶段常见的有：finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem （in）,spend.（in）,f

3、eellike,beusedto（习惯于）,giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,canthelp。 我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy） 继续习惯别放弃（keepon,beusedto,giveup） 考虑建议不禁想（consider,suggest,canthelp,feellike） 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）动词不定式一、动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）

4、动词原形。功能例句说明主语TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?他喜欢做什么运动？Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作

5、介词的宾语。宾补Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Imsorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为： It+be+adj

6、.（+for/ofsb.）+动词不定式 如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell. Itsimportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。 如：Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。 Itsverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明啦。2.不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的。如：woul

7、dlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看电影吗？在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。 如： IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 Whynotdo., Whydontyoudo., hadbetter（not）do., wouldratherdo, could/would/willyouplease（not）do. Iwouldratherstayinth

8、eroom.我宁愿待在房间里。3.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。 如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他关小收音机。 tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如：MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、 二听（hear,listento）、 三让（let,make,have）、 四看（looka

9、t,see,watch,notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4.不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的。5.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用相当于一个宾语从句。 如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhatto

10、do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。 Hedidntknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词ed”，也有不规则动词的形式。现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成。由于近五年中考分词这部分不作为考查内容，故不展开学习。三、典型例题讲解1.【河北省2013】39. The children decide_ their schoolyard this Friday afternoon. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. Cleaned 【答案】B2.【河北省2012】37.

11、 _ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer. A. To find B. Find C. To write D. Write 【答案】A3.【河北省2011】32.Wheneveryouhaveachance_English,youshouldtakeit. A.speakB.tospeakC.spokeD.speaks 【答案】C4.【2010河北省卷】33.Idlikeyou_forapicnicwithus. A.goB.togoC.goingD.went【答案】B5.【2009河北省卷】39.Dont put

12、 off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays work _ today. A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done 【答案】 D6. 【2012 内蒙古包头】31. energy, turn off the hot water after you take a shower. A. Save B. Saving C. Saved D. To save 【答案】D7.【2011山东泰安】33. I feel tired and sleepy. Why not stop _ for a wh

13、ile? A. rest B. to rest C. resting D. rested 答案：B8.【2011山东威海】34.What time do you expect her_? A. arrive B. is arriving C. arriving D. to arrive 答案： D9.【2011山东威海】37.This math problem is too difficult. Can you show me_, George? A. what to work out B. to work it out C. how to work it out D. how to work

14、 out it 答案：C 10.（2010河南省，24，1）( ) Father often tells me-too much time on computer games. A dont spend B not spend C not to spend D not spending 【答案】C11.（2010湖北省黄冈市，43，1）-How would your family like to travel? -Its a problem in my family.Mother prefers to take a bus to travel,while father always stick

15、s _ to travel. A.to drive B.to driving C.driving D.drive 【答案】B12.（2010山东省聊城市，34，1）The teachers often tell their pubils _aeross the road when the traffic light is red. A.not go B.not to go C.dont go D.didnt go 【答案】B13.【2013江苏泰州】12.Ifeelstressedfromtimetotime.Couldyougivemesomeadvice? _sharingyourworr

16、ieswithyourparents? A.WhydontyouB.Howabout C.WhynotD.Wouldyoulike 【答案】B14. 【2013四川宜宾】33.Wouldyoumind_inthedininghall?Ofcoursenot. A.nottosmokeB.notsmokingC.smokeD.notsmoke 【答案】B15. 【2013四川雅安】12.Studentsshouldlearnhow_problems. A.solveB.solvingC.cansolveD.tosolve 【答案】D四、当堂练习1.(2013河北承德二模) Are you bus

17、y tonight? What about _ our dog after supper? A. to walk B. walked C. walk D. walking2,(2013河北廊坊二模) She enjoys _ to music. Its relaxing. A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. laughed3.(2013山东淄博一模) -Where is Marry? -Shes busy _ for the exam. A. to study B. studying C. studies D. study4.(2013北京西城一模)

18、My grandma is ill. The doctor asked her _ in bed for a few days. A. to stay B. stayed C. stay D. stayed5.(2013北京海淀一模) My teacher oftern tells us how _ a healthy life. A. to live B. living C. live D. live6.【2012贵州贵阳】44.IttookJanetthreehours_readingthisinterestingstory. A.tofinishB.finishedC.finishing

19、7.【2012广东】44.IttookmetwoweeksreadingthenovelswrittenbyGuoJingming. A.finishB.tofinishC.finishesD.Finishing8.【2012贵州安顺】26.WhenIwentintotheroom，Ifound_inbed AhimlyingBhelyingCheliesDhimwaslying9.【2012湖北咸宁】32.Driversshouldntbeallowed_afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw. A.driveB.drivingC.todriveD.tobed

20、riven10.【2012内蒙古包头】31._energy,turnoffthehotwaterafteryoutakeashower. A.SaveB.SavingC.SavedD.Tosave11.【2012山东聊城】31._Englishwell,onemusthavealotofpractice.A.SpeaksB.TospeakC.SpokenD.Speak12. (2010通化中考)The woman made his son_ finally after she told him some jokes.A. laughed B. to laugh C. laugh D. laug

21、hing13.（2010黄冈中考）How would your family like to travel? -Its a problem in my family. Mother prefers to take a bus to travel, while father always sticks _ to travel. A. to drive B. to driving C. driving D. drive14.（2010陕西中考）Dont forget _an umbrella _you.Its going to rain. A. to take; to B.taking;to C.

22、to take;with D.taking;with15.（2010莱芜中考）Most of the young people enjoy _ Jay Chous songs. Asing Bsang Csinging Dto sing五、课后作业1.【2013四川雅安】8.一Canyoufinish_thesebooksbefore10oclock?一Yes,Ican. A.toreadB.readC.readsD.reading2.【2013山东青岛】15.Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellme_mycar? Sure.Parkitrighthere.Illhelpyo

23、u. A.howtostopB.wheretoparkC.wheretostopD.whentopark3.【2013福建福州】39.Nick,wouldyoumind_outofthebathroom? Sorry.Iwontbelong. A.comeB.tocomeC.coming4.【2013广东湛江】22.Whynot_totheparknow?Goodidea!Letsgo. A.goB.togoC.goesD.going5.【2013山东滨州】31.Wouldyoulike_campingwithme? Idliketo.ButImbusy_myhomework. A.togo;

24、todoB.togo;doingC.going;todoD.going;doing6.【2013山东泰安】30.WhyisLinlinpracticingspeakingEnglish? _abroadforfurtherstudy. A.GoB.GoneC.TogoD.Goes7.【2013浙江舟山、嘉兴】24.Imnewhere.Dontworry.IlldowhatIcan_you.A.helpB.tohelpC.inviteD.toinvite8.【2013四川南充】29.Jacksteacheraskedhim_offthelightsafterclass. A.turning B.

25、turned C.toturn9. 【2013四川凉山】32.Whenyoumovesomewherenew,thefirstthingforyouistofindaplace. A.toliveB.livinginC.tolivein10.【2013贵州安顺】19.“WhostheboyinwhiteT-shirt_underthetree?”“Myfriend.” A.standB.tostandC.stoodD.standing11.【2013辽宁鞍山】35.Jessicasparentsalwaysencourageher_outher opinions. A.speakB.speak

26、ingC.tospeakD.willspeak12.【2013湖北随州】34.Whatdidyourteachersaythismorning? Shetoldus_makefacesinclass. A.tonotB.nottoC.donotD.didnt13.【2013湖北随州】27.Letsplayfootballontheplayground. Itstoohotoutside.Iwouldrather_athomethan_out. A.tostay;goB.staying;goingC.stay;togoD.stay;go14.【2013黑龙江绥化】14.Remember_offthelightswhenyouleavetheroom,please.A.toturnB.turningC.