中医英语笔记精品文档28页.docx

中医英语笔记精品文档28页.docx

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中医英语笔记精品文档28页

中医英语笔记－中基

中医英语翻译特点：

1．借用英语中已有单词的重新排列组合向英语语言输入中医特有的概念和表达法

肝血Liverblood

血虚Blooddeficiency

活血化瘀Activatingbloodtoresolvestasis

恶风aversiontowind

倦怠fatigueandlackofstrength

肝气犯胃Liver-Qiinvadingthestomach

2．定义化：

用英语给予中医概念下定义

辨证论治treatmentbasedonsyndrome,orsyndromedifferentiationandtreatment

奔豚asyndromecharacterizedbyafeelingofgasrushingupthroughthethroattothroatfromthelowerabdomen

虚胀deficiency–flatulence

3。

多样化：

虚：

Deficiency,asthenia,insufficiency,weakness,debility,hypofunction

4．拼音化：

Tuina

中医英语翻译原则

由于素体脾胃虚弱，或久病失血伤阴，致阴血不足，胞脉失养。

Thediseaseresultsfromchronicsplenogastricasthenia,oryin-consumptionbybleedingwithchronicillness,leadingtohemopeniaandfailuretonourishtheuterinecollaterals.

如果气化功能失常，就会影响到气、血、津液的新陈代谢，影响饮食物的消化吸收，影响汗液、尿液和粪便的排泄，从而形成各种各样代谢异常的疾病。

ThedisorderofQiactivitycanaffectthemetabolismofQi,bloodandbodyfluid,impairthedigestionandabsorptionoffood,andinhibitsweating,urinationanddefecation,resultinginvariousmetabolicdiseases.

三焦,现统一为tripleenergizer

TranslationofTCMterminology

补：

tonify,invigorate,strengthen,supplement

实火：

Excessivefire,Solidfire

温病：

Seasonalfebriledisease

哮喘：

Dyspneaandasthmaticbreathing

引火归原:

conductthefirereturningtotheoriginalplace

肺痨:

consumptivediseaseofthelung

黄帝内经：

yellowemperor’scanonofinternalmedicine

ThetheoryofYinyangandFive-elements

Plainquestions《素问》MiraculousPivot《灵枢经》

ClassiconMedicalProblems《难经》ShenNong’sHerbal《神农本草经》

TreatiseonFebrileDiseases《伤寒论》

SynopsisofPrescriptionsofGoldenCabinet《金匮要略》

A-BClassicofAcupunctureandMoxibustion《针灸甲乙经》

GeneralTreatiseontheEtiologyandSymptomsology《诸病源候论》

TheoryofTCM

Materialism唯物主义

疾病可知又可防治Thediseasesarecognizableandcurable

Dialectics辩证法

正气存内，邪不可干Whenthereissufficienthealthyqiinside,pathogenicfactorshavenowaytoinvadethebody

BasiccharacteristicsofTCM

整体观念Theholisticconcept；theconceptoftheorganismasawhole

Theconceptoforganicwholereferstotheintegralunityofthehumanbodyanditscloserelationshipwiththeouterworld.

从阳引阴，从阴引阳，以左治右，以右治左Drawingyinfromyanganddrawingyangfromyin;treatingtherightforcuringdiseaseontheleftandtreatingtheleftforcuringdiseaseontheright.

辨证论治Syndromedifferentiationandtreatment

同病异治Treatingthesamediseasewithdifferenttherapies

异病同治Treatingdifferentdiseasewiththesametherapy

阴阳五行学说部分

阴阳学说Theoryofyinandyangordoctrineofyinandyang

阴中之阴与阳中之阳Yinwithinyinandyangwithinyang

阴阳互根Yinandyangarerootedineachother

阴阳转化Yin-yangconversion

阴阳自和Naturalharmonyofyinandyang；spontaneousharmonizationofyinandyang

阴阳消长Growthanddeclinebetweenyinandyang

阴平阳秘Yangsteadieswhileyincalms；calmyinandsoundyang

阴阳两虚Simultaneousastheniaofyinandyang,国外译作dualvacuityofyinandyang

阴阳离绝Dissociationorseparationofyinandyang

阴胜则寒Excessiveofyincausingcoldorpredominanceofyinleadstocoldsyndrome

阴损及阳Impairmentofyinaffectingyangorconsumptionofyininvolvingyang

阴阳俱损Simultaneousimpairmentofyinandyang

阴胜格阳Predominantyinrejectingyangorexcessiveyinrepellingyang

YinandYang-thelawofnature

Thingsorphenomenawhicharedynamic,bright,hot,functional,etc,pertaintoyang,whilethosethatarestatic,dark,cold,substantial,etc,pertaintoyin

Yinandyangarethelawofheavenandearth,theprinciplesofallthings,theparentsofallchanges,theoriginoflifeanddeath

ThecontentofthetheoryofYinandYang

Oppositionn.反对,敌对,相反

Interdependencen.互相依赖

Relativewaxingandwaning【医】消长变化

Transformation转化

Allthingsandphenomenainthenaturalworldcontainthetwooppositecomponents

阴盛则阳病，…。

Yininexcesscausingyangdisease,whileyanginexcessleadingtoyindisease

在中医里，常见“x则y”的结构，x为因，y为果,可将则译为

CausingInducingLeadingtoBringonGiverisetoProduceMake

阳虚则外寒Yangdeficiencycausingexternalcold

阳盛则热Excessiveyangleadingtoheat

在很多术语里没“则”字，但因果关系存在，译法相同

热极生风Over-heatgeneratingwind

阴虚阳亢Deficiencyofyininducinghyperactivityofyang

独阴不生，独阳不长Neithercanexistinisolationwithoutitsopponent’sexistence

阴在内，阳之守也；阳在外，阴之使也“Yinremainsinsidetoactasaguardforyang;whileyangstaysoutsidetoserveasanactorofyin”.Yinreferstothematerialbasisoffunctionalactivityofyangwhileyangtofunctionalactivity

YinandYangopposingeachotheranddependingoneachotherforexistencearenotstaticbutinadynamicstate,i.e.,yinwanes（消减）,yangwaxes（增多）,andviceversa

一定条件下，阴阳可互化Ingivenconditions,eitheryinoryangmaytransformintoitsopposite

阴盛则阳，阳盛则阴“Extremeyingivesrisetoyang,whileextremeyanggivesrisetoyin”

寒极生热，热极生寒“Extremecoldbringsonheat,whileextremeheatbringsoncold”

物极则反Thingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeextreme

UsesoftheoryofYinandYanginTCM

Toexplainthetissuesandstructuresofthehumanbody

“Man,havingaform,cannotdeviatefromyinandyang”

Toexplainthephysiologicalfunctionofthehumanbody

阴平阳密，精神乃至；阴阳绝离，精气乃绝“theequilibriumofyinandyangmakesthevitalitywell-conserved;thedivorce（departure）ofyinandyangessence-qiexhausted”

Toexplainthepathologicalchange

阳盛则热，阴盛则寒；阳虚则寒，阴虚则热“Excessiveyangleadstoheatsyndromesandexcessiveyincausescoldsyndrome;deficiencyyangresultsincoldsyndromeanddeficiencyyincausesheatsyndrome”

阴损及阳，阳损及阴Yindeficiencyinvolvingyang,deficiencyimpairmentinvolvingyin

Todiagnoseandtreatdisease

实者泄之Treatingexcesssyndromewithpurgation

中医的“者…之”可采取“treating…with”,“治法+证名”

虚者补之Treatingdeficiencysyndromewithinvigoration（orinvigoratingdeficiency）

寒者热之Treatingcoldsyndromewithhot-natureddrugs（orheatingthecold）

热者寒之Treatingheatsyndromewithcold-natureddrugs（orcoolingtheheat）

益火之源，以消阴翳Restrainingpredominantyinbyreinforcingyang

Treatingyangforyindisease

壮水之主，以制阳光Restrainingpredominantyangbystrengtheningyin

Treatingyinforyangdisease

Theoryoffiveelements

Theformationofthetheoryoffiveelements：

WoodFireEarthMetalWater

相生Inter-generationormutualpromotion,orinter-promotion

Inter-generationmeansonekindofobjectgenerates,strengthensorbringsforthanotherone

五行的任何一行都有“生我”和“我生”的双重性，生我者为“母”，我生者为“子”.Eachofthefiveelementscontainsthedualnature-“being-generated”and“generating”.Theelementthatgenerateiscalled“themother”,whlietheelementthatisgeneratediscalled“thechild”.

相克Mutualrestriction（inhibition）

Restrictionconnotes（意味着）bringingundercontrolorrestraint

Eachofthefiveelementsismarkedby“beingrestricted”and“restricting”

相乘Over-restrictionorsubjugation

Oneelementsubduestheotherwhenthelatterisweak

相侮Reverserestrictionorcounter-restriction

Thestrongonebulliestheweakone

Botharetheabnormalinter-restriction

Theapplicationofthetheoryoffiveelements

Explainingthecorrelationsbetweenthefiveviscera

Expounding（阐述）pathologicalinfluencesbetweenthefiveviscera

母病及子，子病及母mother-organ’sdisorderaffectingitschildorgan,child-organ’sdisorderinvolvingmotherorgan

Diagnosingandtreatingdiseases

知肝之病，当先实脾Whenliverdiseasesoccurs,itwillspreadtothespleen,sotheqiofthespleenshouldbereinforcedbeforeitisaffected

子虚补母，母实泄子Ifhypofunctionisfoundintheson-organ,themother-organshouldbetonified;ifhyperfunctionisfoundinthemother-organ,theson-organshouldbetreatedwithpurgation

脏腑部分

藏象学说的翻译问题：

有人译作visceraandtheirmanifestationorstateofviscera

脏腑:

zangfu-organsorsolidandholloworgansorzang-visceraandfu-viscera

五脏five-zangorgansorfive-zangviscera;五脏作为一个统一的概念来使用可译作viscera

奇恒之府：

extraordinaryfu-organsorpeculiarholloworgans

精气：

vitalessence,essenceoflife

先天之精prenatalorcongenitalessence

后天之精Postnataloracquiredessence

神：

spirit,mind,vitality

精、气、神中译为spirit；在安神中译作mind；指人的精神状态译作vitality

中医的“官”是对某器官功能的比喻。

译作organ

传导之官Anorganinchargeoftransmission

决渎之官Anorganinchargeofwatercirculation

州都之官Anorganlikenedtoareservoir

开窍于：

Openinto,asthewindowof,astheorificeoforspecificbodyopeningto

心开窍于舌Theheartopensintothetongue

开窍疗法Openingorificeorresuscitationtherapy

其华在：

outwardmanifestation

在志为：

Correspondto…intheemotions

心在志为喜Theheartcorrespondstojoyintheemotion

合Associatewithorconnectwith

肝合胆Liverassociatewiththegallbladderfunctionally

主Control,govern,dominateorbeinchargeof

五脏的共同生理特点是化生和贮藏精气；六腑的共同生理特点是受盛和传化水谷Thecommonphysiologicalfunctionsofthefivezang-organsaretoproduceandstoreessence;thecommonphysiologicalfunctionsofthesixfu-organsaretoreceive,transportwaterandfood.

有诸内，必形诸外Viscerainsidethebodymustmanifestthemselvesexternally.

Heart

心为五脏之主Theheartisthemonarchofalltheorgans

Itsphysiologicalfunctions：

Controllingbloodandvessels；Governingthemind

心藏神Theheartistheresidenceofthemind

心开窍于舌Theheartopensintothetongue

心在液为汗Sweatasthefluidoftheheart

心其华在面Thehearthasitsoutwardmanifestationinthefaceorcomplexion

心包：

Pericardium,theperipheraltissuesurroundingtheheart,servetoprotecttheheart.

Invasionofpathogenicheatintothepericardium

Cord—心

  Accord一致Discordance不一致Cordate心脏形的Concord和睦、一致

Cardi—心

  Cardiac心脏的；强心剂Carditis心肌炎Bradycardia心动过缓

  Tachycardia心悸亢进Electrocardiogram心电图

Lung

肺主气Takingchargeoftheqi

肺为华盖Canopy

宣发肃降Activatingtheflowofqi,foodessenceandbodyfluid,clearingtheinspiredairandkeepingitflowingdownwardandhelpingmaintainnormalwatermetabolism

主治节Dominateqi,controlrespiration,governdispersinganddescendingactivitiesandregulatethewaterpassage

肺其华在毛，开窍于鼻Beingas