届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练健康环保类.docx

届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练健康环保类.docx

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届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练健康环保类

健康环保类

1、Theeffectonhappinessofexposuretonitrogendioxide（NO2） ,agasmostlyproducedindieselfumes（柴油机）,iscomparabletotheeffectfromlosingajob,endingarelationshiporthedeathofapartner,researchsuggests.

   Thestudyfounda"significantandnegativeassociation"betweenlifesatisfactionandlevelsofthepollutant,whichcauseslungproblems.SarahJKnightandPeterHowleyofYorkUniversitytooklifesatisfactiondatafromtheBritishHouseholdPanelSurveyandUKHouseholdLongitudinalSurveyandcompareditwithdetailedairqualityrecordsfromtheDepartmentforEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairs.

   GiventhatfarmorepeopleareexposedtoNO2thansufferunemploymentorendarelationship,KnightandHowleysuggestthatthebenefitstosocietyfromreducingsuchemissions（排放）wouldbesubstantive.

   ThehighestlevelsofNO2occurinLondon,withthelowestlevelsinpartsofsouth-westEngland.ThecapitalhasthehonourofbeinghometotheworstNO2hotspotinEurope:

MaryleboneRoad,whichrecordedthehighestannualmeanlevelsofthepollutant,morethandoublethelegalEUlimit.

   Pollutionfromnitrogenoxides（NO）isresponsibleforlensofthousandsofprematuredeaths（过早死）acrossEurope,withtheUKsufferingaparticularlyhightoll.Muchofthepollutionisproducedbydieselcars,whichemitaboutsixtimesmorethanallowedintheofficiallab-basedteats.

   TheEuropeanEnvironmentAgencysaidtheUKhad11,940prematuredeathsin2013fromNO2.Thenumberwasdownfrom14,100inthepreviousyear,butwasstillthesecondworstinEuropeafterItaly.

1.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword"substan-tive”inparagraph3?

A.terrible

B.real

C.normal

D.special

2.WhichofthefollowingareaswasworstpollutedbyNO2?

A.SouthwestEngland.

B.SoutheastEngland.

C.MaryleboneRoad.

D.TheruralareanearLondon.

3.HowmanyprematuredeathswerecausedbynitrogendioxideintheUKin2012?

A.11,940.

B.14,100.

C.15,100.

D.19,140.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Howtodealwithairpollutionefficiently

B.Thebiggestkillerofmannowadays—airpollution

C.Dieselfumesshouldberesponsibleforairpollution

D.AirpollutionfromNO2/NOisasbadforhappinessaspartners’death

2、Nowadayspeoplebegintopaymoreattentiontotheenvironmenttheylivein.Theycareaboutairqualityandwatertheydrinkeveryday.Butfewthingsexercisegreensensibilitiesmorethanmarine（海洋的）plasticlitter.Scientistsestimatethatperhaps16,000,000tonsofplasticwasteenterstheoceaneachyear.Muchstaysclosetotheshore.Some,though,iscarriedbywavestotheocean.

  ThebiggestpartislocatedhalfwaybetweenCaliforniaandHawaii.Astudyfoundthatitcontainsbetweenabout45,000and129,000tonsofplasticpiecesoveranarearoughlythesizeofAlaska.

  Theideaofsweepingitallupmightsoundimpossible.ToBoyanSlatitseemedmerelyambitious.Whatif,wonderingin2012（thenaged18）,hecouldbuildalargebow-shapedfloatingbarrier,castittotheseabedandletwaveswashthelitterintothe“spoon”?

Despitehisyouthfulageandcrazyplan,Mr.SlatsetuptheOceanCleanuptopulitintopractice.Sixyearslater,the“spoon”namedSystem001setsailfromSanFranciscoonSeptember8th,followedbycoastguards,cameracrewsandcuriousboaters.

  System001,whichismadeofplastic,is600meterslongand1.2metersindiameter（直径）.Athree-meter-deepskirtbeneaththe“spoon”preventslitterfromescapingunderit;plastictendstofloatwithinameterofthewater’ssurface.The"spoon”isevensimplerthanMr.Slat’soriginalidea,havingdispensed（摒弃）withtheanchor.The"spoon"whichisdrivenbywavesaswellaswind,alwaysmovesfasterthantheplastic.Itthereforebringsthelitterupasitfloats.

  IfSystem001succeeds,Mr.Slatwantstoputanother60ikspoonsninlouse.Corporatesponsorswouldofferhim5millioneurosforconstructionandthreeyears'operation.Mr.LeBretonthinksthatafleet（ 舰队）of“spoons”could,by2040,sweepupallthenon-tinyplasticpieces.Ifplasticwastecontinuescoming,itwouldoutweighthefleetsabilitytocatchitwithinafewyears.Theocearrsplasticproblemcannotreallybesolvedwithoutbetterwastemanagementonland.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"exercisegreensensibilities"inParagraph1referto?

A.Dosomeexerciseinagreenway.

B.Besensitivetosports.

C.Contributetoagreenerlife.

D.Arouseconcernabouttheenvironment.

2.WhendidBoyanSlatbegintoputthe"spoon"intopractice?

A.In2008.

B.In2012.

C.In2018.

D.In2000.

3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?

A.Mr.Slathasdispensedwiththeskirtbeneaththe“spoon”.

B.WindandwaveshelpSystem001movefasterthanplasticlitter.

C.The“spoon”ismadeofplastictobettercatchplasticlitter.

D.Noplasticlittercanescapethankstotheskirtunderit.

4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A.A“Spoon”TakesAwayMarinePlasticLitter

B.System001HasaPromisingFuture

C.MarinePlasticLitterHits

D.MarinePlasticLitterFloatsAway

3、 Mostofusknowthatphysicalactivityleadstobetterhealth.Thatisnothingnew.ButtheUnitedStatesgovernmenthaschangeditsguidanceonhowmuchexercisepeopleneedtostayhealthyandwhentheyshouldstart.Expertssaygettingorattainingthehealthbenefitsfromexercisemaybeeasierthanearlierthoughts.

Forchildrenandteens

   Childrenasyoungas3yearsoldneedtobephysicallyactive.Frombirthtoage5,achild'sbraindevelopsmorethanatanyothertimeinlife.Thedevelopmenthasalastingeffectonachild'sabilitytolearnandtosucceedinschoolandinlife.Boysandgirlsinthisagegroupneedatleast3hoursofactivityeveryday.Thatcanbelightactivities,ormoderate（适度的）activities.Butitisnotsuggestedtoputyour5-year-oldchildrenona"runningmachine"orotherexercisefacilities.

   Childrenagedbetween6and17getatleastanhourofmoderatetovigorousactivityaday.Theactivityshouldbeaerobic（有氧的）exercise,suchasbiking,swimniingandrunning.Aerobicactivitycanstrengthentheheartandlungsbymakingthemworkhardforseveralminutesormore.Exerciseshouldalsoincludemuscle-andbone-strengtheningactivities,suchasclimbingtrees,usingplaygroundequipmentandplayingsports.Expertssuggestthatchildrengetthiskindofexerciseatleastthreetimesaweek.

Foradults

   Foradults,expertsrecommend150minutesperweekofmoderatetovigorousphysicalactivity.Thatcanbequickwalking;thatcanbecuttingthegrass;thatcanbegardening;thatcanhedancing...anykindofactivitythatgetsyourheartrateupandgetsyouexercisingmoderately.Theyalsothinkadultsneedatleasttwodaysofmuscle-strengtheningexerciselikepush-upsorliftingweights.

Foradultsover65

   Forolderadults,expertssuggest30to60minutesperdayofmoderatephysicalactivityincludingactivitiesthathelpaidbalanceandflexibility.Betterbalancemeansfewerfallsandlesschanceofinjury.

1.Accordingtotheguidance,whichgroupmayspendthelongesttimeinexercising?

A.Childrenaged4.

B.Teenagersaged15.

C.Adultsaged35.

D.Adultsaged70.

2.Howmanyactivitiesaresuggestedtoadultsinthetext?

A.4.

B.5.

C.6.

D.7.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Topersuadepeopleofallagestoexercise.

B.Toinformpeopleoftheproperamountofexercise.

C.Toadvisepeopletotakeupaerobicexercise.

D.Tostressthebenefitsofphysicalexercise

4、Plastic-EatingWorms

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋场）,andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.qSofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.

ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊状物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass--apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.

FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax--alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic"Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains."Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond."

JenniferDebruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（肠道微生物）?

Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”

1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?

A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.

B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.

C.Theycanconsumeplastics.

D.Theywindupinlandfills.

2.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto      

A