岳阳市第十四中学高考英语书面表达指导.docx
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岳阳市第十四中学高考英语书面表达指导
岳阳市第十四中学2011年高考英语书面表达指导
编写人:
胡章梅
解读考标:
书面表达要求考生根据所给提示与要求进行书面表达。
考生应能:
(1)在一定的语境中准确使用英语语法和词汇;
(2)使用一定词汇和句型,清楚连贯地用英语表达自己的意思;
(3)根据所读短文进行转述或摘要;
(4)用英语恰当地表达自己的情感、态度和价值观。
其中对写作的要求为:
考生应根据提示用英语写一篇不少于120词的短文。
要求语法正确,语意连贯,条理清楚,结构完整,文体恰当。
第一步:
写一个完整的简单句。
写文章首先要学会写句子,而句子是由一个个的单词构成的。
要学会写句子,就要了解句子中的单词的词类。
英语中的10大词类在句子中分别起不同的作用或充当不同的句子成分。
一、英语10大词类功能一览表
词类
在句中的主要功能
例句
名词n.
主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语
Thisglassworksliesinourcity.
代词pron.
主语、宾补、表语、定语
Allofourteachersrespectus.
动词v.
谓语、宾补、表语
Theteacherletsusdoitagain.
形容词adj.
表语、定语、状语、补语
Thisprettygirlthinksitright.
副词adv.
定语(表方位的词)、状语
Theworkershereworkveryhard.
数词nu.
主语、宾语、表语、定语
Threeofthemareeighteennow.
介词prep.
“介词+宾语”句中做定语或状语
Thegirloftencameherebybike.
连词conj.
连接两个或两个以上的简单句
HewasreadingwhenIcamein.
冠词art.
主要修饰名词或少数形容词
Ayoungmanoftenhelpsthepoor.
感叹词int.
表示喜怒哀乐,在句中加强语气
Heavens!
Howsillyyouare!
二、词类使用中的10种常见错误
1.错把形容词当名词
误:
Everybodylikesbeautiful.
正:
Everybodylikesbeauty.
2.错把动词当名词
误:
Withthedevelopofscienceandtechnology,welivebetterandbetter.
正:
Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,welivebetterandbetter.
3.错把形容词当动词
误:
Don’tafraid.Yourmotherisbesideyou.
正:
Don’tbeafraid.Yourmotherisbesideyou.
4.错把介词当连词
误:
Withtimegoeson,wehavelearnedmoreandmore.
正:
Astimegoeson,wehavelearnedmoreandmore.
5.错把数词当名词
误:
Thereareaboutsevenhundredsstudentsonthesportsground.
正:
Thereareaboutsevenhundredstudentsonthesportsground.
6.错把副词当连词
误:
Thegirloftenhelpsme,evensheisverybusy.
正:
Thegirloftenhelpsme,evenifsheisverybusy.
7.错把形容词、介词当动词
误:
MrZhangverybusytoday.Henotintheoffice.
正:
MrZhangisverybusytoday.Heisnotintheoffice.
8.错把不可数名词当可数名词
误:
Don’tplantatreeinsuchabadweather.
正:
Don’tplantatreeinsuchbadweather.
9.错把及物动词当不及物动词
误:
WhenMothercamein,IseatedinfrontoftheTVset.
正:
WhenMothercamein,Iwasseated(wassitting)infrontoftheTVset.
10.错把系动词当助动词
误:
Classisbegin.Whynotstandup?
正:
Classbegins.Whynotstandup?
一词多用,一词多意:
1.Theconcertlastedthreehoursandatlastwefoundhewasthelastsingerweliked.
音乐会持续了3个小时,我们最终发现他是我们最不喜欢的歌手。
2.Everydaysherunstoworkbecausesherunsaclothingshop.
她每天跑步去上班,因为她开了一家服装店。
练一练:
I.Corretthemistakesinthefollowingtwopassages:
(1).Computeriswideusedinoureverydaylife.Manypeople,especiallyyoungpeoplehavegoodknowledgeofcomputer.Computerismoreandmoreadvanceandnobodyknowwhatcomputerwilllikeinonehundredyears.
(2).Allmyfamilyenjoysportsverymuch,includingmyfatherandI.I’vebeenfondofplaybadmintonsinceIwaschild.Beforeenteredseniormiddleschool,Ihadtakenpartinmanybadmintonmatch.Myfatherisabasketballfan.Inhistwenty,hewasoneoffamousbasketballplayersinhisuniversity.
II.根据上下文完成短文中的句子,尽可能一句多译:
_____________________________________________1.(现在越来越多的家庭拥有自己的小轿车)It’sveryconvenientforthepeoplewhohavetheirowncarstogotoworkortotaketheirchildrentoschool.Inholidays,allthefamiliescantraveltosomeplaceorgotovisitanexhibitionfarawaybycar._________________________________________2.(他们节省了很多业余时间)Thecarindustryisdevelopingmoreandmorerapidlybecausepeopleneedmoreandmorecars.Withthedevelopmentofcarindustry,_________________________________3.(中国的经济同样也发展迅猛)
Butalotofproblemsarecomingabout._______________________________4.(城市的交通越来越拥挤)Theenvironmentisbeingpollutedmoreandmoreseriously.Tosolvetheseproblems,somethingmustbedone.
1.Nowmoreandmorefamilieshavetheirowncars.
Nowthenumberofthepeoplewhohavetheirowncarsislargerandlarger.
Nowtheiraremoreandmorepeoplewhohavetheirowncars.
2.Theysavealotoftheirsparetime.
Theyneedn’twastealotoftimeontheway.
Theydon’thavetospendalotoftimetravellingontheway.
3.…theeconomyinChinaisdevelopingrapidly,too.
…theeconomyinChinaisdevelopingathighspeed,too.
…theeconomyinChinaisdevelopingasfastaspossible,too.
4.Trafficincitiesisgettingheavierandheavier.
Therearemoreandmorecars,whichcausealotoftrafficjamseveryday.
Thereasonwhytrafficisnolongerlightisthattherearemoreandmorecars.
Theproblemis:
morecars,moretrafficjams.
Iftherewerenotsomanycars,trafficwouldbemuchlighter.
三、句子中最重要的部分是谓语动词,也就是说,谓语动词是句子中最关键、最核心的部分。
在英语写作中,有些同学在使用动词是常出现以下错误:
1.错误使用系动词和行为动词
误:
ZhangHuaisoftencleanourclassroom.
正:
ZhangHuaoftencleansourclassroom.
2.错误使用及物动词和不及物动词
误:
Thispenisverynicetowrite.
正:
Thispenisverynicetowritewith.
3.错误使用系动词
误:
Shelooksveryangrilytoday.
正:
Shelooksveryangrytoday.
误:
Shelooksveryangryatusall.
正:
Shelooksveryangrilyatusall.
4.错误使用情态动词
误:
YououghtimproveyourspokenEnglish,oughtn’tyou?
正:
YououghttoimproveyourspokenEnglish,oughtn’tyou?
5.错误使用助动词
误:
Tomhasboughtapairofsportsshoes,buthenotboughtsportswear.
正:
Tomhasboughtapairofsportsshoes,buthedidnotbuysportswear.
6.错误使用动词的时态和语态
误:
Thoughhedoesn’tpasstheexam,hedoesn’tdiscourage.
正:
Thoughhedidn’tpass(hasn’tpassed)theexam,heisn’tdiscouraged.
练一练:
I:
Corretthemistakesinthefollowingtwopassages:
1.会议已经开始10多分钟了,但马经理还没有到场。
大家都知道,马经理开会是从来不迟到的,莫非他遇到了交通拥堵?
我真希望他很快赶来开会。
Themeetingbeginforovertenminutes,butManagerMadidn’tcomehereyet.Asyouknow,heneverlateforameeting.Maybehecaughtinatrafficjam.Ididexpecthimtocometothemeetingassoonaspossible.
2.李明的大多数同学已经成为领导或商人了,但他依然是一个清洁工。
他经常说,他所做的事对他人来说非常重要。
他没有灰心丧气。
相反,他总是精神饱满。
我们应该向他学习,尽力做一个对社会有用的建设者。
MostofLiMing’sclassmatesbecomeleadersorbusinessmen,butheisremainedadustman.Heoftensaidwhathedoesalsoveryimportanttoothers.Hedoesn’tdiscourage.Onthecontrary,healwaysinhighspirits.Weshouldlearnhimandtrybecomingusefulbuildersforoursociety.
II.根据上下文完成短文中的句子,尽可能一句多译:
_________________________________________________1.近年来拥有手机的人越来越多).In1995,onlyonepersoninahundredhadamobilephoneinsomecities,showedastheabovediagram.__________________________________________________2.(在1997年,10%的人有手机).Thenumberofthepeoplewhohadmobilephoneswastentimesasmanyasin1995.In1999,therewere20personsinahundredwhohadmobilephones._________________________3.(在2001年,一半的人有手机)Thereareseveralreasonsfortheincreaseofthenumberofpeoplehavingmobilephones.__________________________________________4.(首先,手机制造的技术变化很快)Secondly,people’sincomehasbeenincreasingquickly._______________
____________________________________5.(第三个原因是,手机在人们的生活中有用途)Theycancommunicatewithothersconveniently.
1.Moreandmorepeoplehavemobilephonesinrecentyears.
Therearemoreandmorepeoplewhohavemobilephonesinrecentyears.
Inrecentyears,therearemoreandmorepeoplehavingmobilephones.
2.In1997,10personsinahundredhadmobilephones.
In1997,10personsoutofahundredhadmobilephones.
In1997,onetenthofthepeoplehadmobilephones.
3.In2001,ahalfofthepeopleinahundredhadmobilephones.
In2001,50%ofthepeoplehadmobilephones.
4.First,thetechnologyofmakingmobilephonesischangingrapidly.
First,thetechnologyofmakingmobilephonesisdevelopingfast.
First,thetechnologyofmakingmobilephonesisimprovingsthighspeed.
5.Thirdly,mobilephonesareusefulinpeople’slife.
Thirdly,mobilephonesaremadefulluseofinpeople’slife.
Thirdly,mobilephonesareusedaswidelyaspossibleinpeople’slife.
Thirdly,mobilephonesareusedmoreandmoreinpeople’slife.
Thethirdreasonisthatmobilephonesaremadegooduseofinpeople’slife.
四、使用非谓语转换简单句
比一比,看一看:
1.Xiaomingisamiddleschoolstudent.HeisastudentofBeijingNo.80HighSchool.HeisgoodatEnglishandothersubjects.Helikesbasketballandbadminton.HeoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.Heisoftenpraisedbyourteachers.Hemakesprogresseveryday.
2.Xiaomingisamiddleschoolstudent.HestudiesinBeijingNo.80HighSchool.HisEnglishisverygoodandheisgoodatothersubjects.Hisfavoritesportsarebasketballandbadminton.HeoftenhelpsuslearnEnglish.Theteacheroftenpraisedhim.Hemakesprogresseveryday.
3.Xiaomingisamiddleschoolstudent,whostudiesinBeijingNo.80HighSchool.HedoeswellinEnglishaswellasinothersubjects.What’smore,helikesbasketballandbadminton.InhissparetimeheoftendoesusafavortolearnEnglish,soourteachersoftenpraisehim.Hemakesprogresseveryday.
以上三篇小作文所表达的意思相同,但三篇作文的文采大不一样。
第三篇使用了复合句和较高级的词汇,文章的层次最高。
有时候,我们在写作文时,老是用简单句,文章不高级,让人觉得乏味,总是复合句,写作又太费力,因此,恰当使用非谓语动词,不仅句型多样,句子活泼,而且读起来结构紧促,言简意明。
一般表达:
TherearealargenumberoftaxidriversinBeijing.Theyservepassengersheartandsoul.TheyplayimportantpartinthetrafficofBeijing.Theymakesomemoney.Theyworkfromdawntillnight.Oneday,IleftmycellphoneinthetaxiItook.Igotintouchwiththedriver.Hedrovetomyhomeandgaveitbacktome.Iwasveryexcited.
高级表达:
TherearealargenumberoftaxidriversinBeijing,servingpassengersheartandsoulandplayingimportantpartinthetrafficofBeijing.Inordertomakesomemoneytosupporttheirfamilies,theyworkfromdawntillnight.Oneday,IgotoutofthetaxiinahurrywithmycellphoneleftinthetaxiItook.Onhearingwhathadhappened,thetaxidriverdrovetomyhomeasfastaspossibleandgavethecellphonebacktome.Seeingmycellphoneagain,Iwastooexcitedtosayaword..
第二步:
恰当使用复合句
没有复合句的文章很难成为一篇优秀文章。
英语复合句主要分为两大类:
一类是由并列连词but,and,or连接的并列复合句(有时分号也可以);另一类是主从复合句,它们分别是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、同位语从句和状语从句,这是我们要学习的重点。
复合句=简单句+连词+简单句
一、简单句较多时,换用复合句
前面我们说到,在书面表达中连续使用简单句,显得单调,解决