高级英语第三版2张汉熙paraphrase.docx

高级英语第三版2张汉熙paraphrase.docx

《高级英语第三版2张汉熙paraphrase.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高级英语第三版2张汉熙paraphrase.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高级英语第三版2张汉熙paraphrase

LessonOne

1.Anditisanactivityonlyofhumans.

Andconversationisanactivityfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.

2.Conversationisnotformakingapoint.

Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideasorpointsofviews.

3.Infact,thebestconversationalistsarethosewhoarepreparedtolose.

Infact,peoplewhoaregoodatconversationwillnotarguetowinorforceotherstoaccepthisideas.

4.Barfriendsarenotdeeplyinvolvedineachother’slives.

Peoplewhomeeteachotherforadrinkinthebarofapubarenotclosefriendsfortheyarenotdeeplyabsorbedineachother’sprivatelives.

5.....itcouldstillgoignorantlyon...

Theconversationcouldgoonwithoutanybodyknowingwhowasrightorwrong.

6.Therearecattleinthefields,butwesitdowntobeef.

Theseanimalsarecalledcattlewhentheyarealiveandfeedinthefields,butwhenwesitdownatthetabletoeat,wecalltheirmeetbeef.

7.ThenewrulingclasshadbuiltaculturalbarrieragainsthimbybuildingtheirFrenchagainsthisownlanguage.

ThenewrulingclassbyusingFrenchinsteadofEnglishmadeithardfortheEnglishtoacceptorabsorbthecultureoftherulers.

8.Englishhadcomeroyallyintoitsown.

EnglishreceivedproperrecognitionandwasusedbytheKingoncemore.

9.Thephrasehasalwaysbeenusedalittlepejorativelyandevenfacetiouslybythelowerclasses.

Thephrase,theKing’sEnglish,hasalwaysbeenuseddisrespectfullyandjokinglybythelowerclasses.（Theworkingpeopleoftenmocktheproperandformallanguageoftheeducatedpeople.）

10.Therebellionagainstaculturaldominanceisstillthere.

AstheearlySaxonpeasants,theworkingpeoplestillhaveaspiritofoppositiontotheculturalauthorityoftherulingclass.

11.Thereisalwaysagreatdangerthat“wordswillhardenintothingsforus.“

Thereisalwaysagreatdanger,asCarlyleputit,thatwemightforgetthatwordsareonlysymbolsandtakethemforthingstheyaresupposedtorepresent.

a.Howeverintricatethewaysinwhichanimalscommunicatewitheachother,theydonotindulgeinanythingthatdeservesthenameofconversation.

不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。

b.Argumentmayoftenbeapartofit,butthepurposeoftheargumentisnottoconvince.Thereisnowinninginconversation.

争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。

交谈中没有胜负之说。

c.PerhapsitisbecauseofmyupbringinginEnglishpubsthatIthinkbarconversationhasacharmofitsown.

或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。

d.Idonotrememberwhatmadeoneofourcompanionssayit---sheclearlyhadnotcomeintothebartosayit,itwasnotsomethingthatwaspressingonhermind---butherremarkfellquitenaturallyintothetalk.

我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。

e.Thereisalwaysresistanceinthelowerclassestoanyattemptbyanupperclasstolaydownrulesfor“Englishasitshouldbespoken.”

下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。

f.Wordsarenotthemselvesareality,butonlyrepresentationsofit,andtheKing’sEnglish,liketheAnglo-FrenchoftheNormans,isaclassrepresentationofreality.

词语本身并不是现实。

正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁--法语一样，标准英语是一个阶层用来表达现实的形式。

g.Perhapsitisworthtryingtospeakit,butitshouldnotbelaiddownasanedict,andmadeimmunetochangefrombelow.

或许试着去说它还是值得的，但是它不能被制定成法令，从而拒绝来自下层的变化。

h.Thereisnoworseconversationalistthantheonewhopunctuateshiswordsashespeaksasifhewerewriting,orevenwhotriestousewordsasifhewerecomposingapieceofproseforprint.

如果一个人说出的话就像写出来的文字，或者试图使用那些创作书面散文的文字，那么没有比这样的交谈者更糟糕的了。

i.WhenE.M.Forsterwritesof“thesinistercorridorofourage,”wesitupatthevividnessofthephrase,theforceandeventerrorintheimage.

当E.M.福斯特写到“我们这个时代的险恶长廊”时，其用语之生动及由其所产生的生动有力，甚至可怖的形象苦令我们拍案叫绝。

j.Therewouldhavebeennoconversationtheothereveningifwehadbeenabletosettleatoncethemeetingof“theKing’sEnglish.”

那天晚上如果我们立刻解决了“标准英语”的含义，就不会有第二天晚上的谈话了。

Lessontwo

1.Theburing-groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.

2.Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals（bynottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashumanbeings）.

3.Theyareborn.Thenforafewyearstheywork,toilandstarve.Finallytheydieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname.

4.Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold-fashionedlathe,acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair-legsheismaking.

5.Immediatelyfromtheirdarkhole-likecellseverywhereagreatnumberofJewsrushedoutwildlyexcited.

6.EveryoneofthesepoorJewslookedonthecigaretteasapieceofluxurywhichtheycouldnotpossiblyafford.

7.However,awhite-skinnedEuropeanisalwaysquitenoticeable.

8.Ifyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion,youseeeverythingbutthehumanbeings.

9.Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas

LessonThree

1.Andyetthesamerevolutionarybeliefforwhichourforebearsfoughtisstillatissuearoundtheglobe....

OurancestorsfoughtarevolutionarywartoclaimallmenwerecreatedequalandGodhadendowedthemwithcertainunalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercouldtakeawayfromthem.However,todaythisissuehasnotyetbeensettledinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.

2.Thismuchwepledge---andmore.

Thismuchwepromisetodoandwepromisetodomore.

3.United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofcooperativeventures.

Unitedandworkingtogetherwecanaccomplishalotofthingsinalargenumberofjointundertakings.

4.....ourlastbesthopeinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefaroutpacedtheinstrumentsofpeace...

TheUnitedNationsisourlastandbesthopeofsurvivalinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefarsurpassedtheinstrumentsofpeace.

5....toenlargetheareainwhichitswritmayrun.

WepledgetohelptheUnitedNationsenlargetheareainwhichitsauthorityandmandatewouldcontinuetobeinforce.

6.....beforethedarkpowersofdestructionunleashedbyscienceengulfallhumanityinplannedoraccidentalself-destruction.

Beforetheterribleforcesofdestruction,whichatomicbombscannowrelease,overwhelmmankind,whichmaybeplannedorbroughtaboutbyanaccident

7.....yetbothracingtoalterthatuncertainbalanceofterrorthatstaysthebandofmankind’sfinalwar.

Yetbothgroupsofnationsareattemptingtochangeasquicklyaspossiblethisuncertainbalanceofterriblemilitarypowerthatrestrainseachgroupfromlaunchingmankind;sfinalwar.

8.Soletusbeginanew,rememberingonbothsidesthatcivilityisnotasignofweakness...

Soletusstartonceagain,bearinginmindthatbeingpoliteisnotasignofweakness.

9.Letbothsidesseektoinvokethewondersofscienceinsteadofitsterrors.

Letbothsidestrytocallforththewonderfulthingsthatsciencecandoformankindinsteadofthefrightfulthingsitcando.

10.....eachgenerationofAmericanshasbeensummonedtogivetestimonytoitsnationalloyalty.

Americansofeverygenerationhavebeencalledupontoprovetheirloyaltytotheircountrybyfrightinganddyingfortheircountry’scause.

11.Withagoodconscienceouronlysurereward,withhistorythefinaljudgeofourdeeds,letusgoforthtoleadthelandwelove...

Letusleadthecountrywelove,knowingoursurerewardwillbeagoodconscienceandhistorywillfinallyjudgewhetherwehavedoneourtaskwellornot.

●Weobservetodaynotavictoryofpartybutacelebrationoffreedom,symbolizinganendaswellasabeginning,signifyingrenewalaswellaschange.

我们今天庆祝的不是一个政党的胜利，而是一个自由的盛会，它代表这一个时代的结束和另一个时代的开端，它代表着重生和改变。

●Letthewordgoforthfromthistimeandplace,tofriendandfoealike,thatthetorchhasbeenpassedtoanewgenerationofAmericans,borninthiscentury,temperedbywar,disciplinedbyahardandbitterpeace,proudofourancientheritage,andunwillingtowitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthesehumanrightstowhichthisnationhasalwaysbeencommitted,andtowhichwearecommittedtodayathomeandaroundtheworld.

此时此地我向朋友和敌人宣布：

火炬已经传递给了新一代的美国人，他们出生于本世纪，经受过战争的洗礼，受过冷峻而苦涩的和平的考验，以我们的古代遗产为傲，不愿意见到或者允许这些人权被逐渐取消。

这个国家一直致力于维护这些人权，如今我们在国内和全世界也在维护这些人权。

●Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorill,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoetoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty.

让世界上每一个希望我们成功或窘迫的国家知道：

我们将不惜任何代价，承担任何责任，应对任何艰难，支持一切朋友，反对一切敌人，以确保自由的幸存和成功。

●United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofcooperativeventures.

只要我们团结起来，我们将在大量的合作型事业中战无不胜。

●Divided,thereislittlewecando,forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder.

如果分裂开来，我们将一事无成，因为我们不能在争执中去应对巨大的挑战，我们的关系会崩裂。

●Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.

如果自由的社会不能帮助多数穷人，它就不能拯救少数的富人。

●Wedarenottemptthemwithweakness.Foronlywhenourarmsaresufficientbeyonddoubtcanwebecertainbeyonddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed.

我们不敢以软弱来诱惑它们。

因为只有当我们的军备力量无疑是非常充足的时候，我们才能确保不会使用武力。

●Inyourhands,myfellowcitizens,morethanmine,willrestthefinalsuccessorfailureofourcourse.

我们的同胞们，我们事业成败的关键与其说掌握在我的手中，不如说掌握在你们的手中。

●Nowthetrumpetsummonsusagain----notasacalltobeararms,thougharmsweneed;notasacalltobattle,thoughembattledweare;butacalltobeartheburdenofalongtwilightstruggle,yearinandyearout,“rejoicinginhope,patientintribulation,”astruggleagainstthecommonenemiesofman:

tyranny,povertydiseaseandwaritself.