高级英语第三版2张汉熙paraphrase.docx

1、高级英语第三版2张汉熙paraphraseLesson One1. And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.2. Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.3. In fact, the best conversationalists are

2、 those who are prepared to lose.In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each others lives.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply

3、 absorbed in each others private lives. 5. .it could still go ignorantly on .The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6. There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we

4、 sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers

5、.8. English had come royally into its own.English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase , the Kings English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the

6、 lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11. The

7、re is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.a. However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each

8、 other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。b. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation.争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。c. Perhaps it is becau

9、se of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own.或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。d. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it -she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind-but her remark fell

10、 quite naturally into the talk.我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的-她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题-但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。e. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken .”下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。f. Words are not themselves a reality ,

11、but only representations of it ,and the Kings English ,like the Anglo-French of the Normans , is a class representation of reality.词语本身并不是现实。正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁-法语一样，标准英语是一个阶层用来表达现实的形式。g. Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid down as an edict , and made immune to change from belo

12、w.或许试着去说它还是值得的，但是它不能被制定成法令，从而拒绝来自下层的变化。h. There is no worse conversationalist than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were writing , or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print.如果一个人说出的话就像写出来的文字，或者试图使用那些创作书面散文的文字，那么没有比这样的交谈者更糟糕的了。i. When E.M.

13、 Forster writes of “ the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase , the force and even terror in the image.当E.M.福斯特写到“我们这个时代的险恶长廊”时，其用语之生动及由其所产生的生动有力，甚至可怖的形象苦令我们拍案叫绝。j. There would have been no conversation the other evening if we had been able to settle at once the me

14、eting of “ the Kings English.”那天晚上如果我们立刻解决了“标准英语”的含义，就不会有第二天晚上的谈话了。 Lesson two1.The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up. 2. All the imperialists build up th

15、eir empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings). 3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. 4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very

16、 old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making. 5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited. 6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not

17、possibly afford. 7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable. 8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings. 9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areasLesson Three1. An

18、d yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe.Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to claim all men were created equal and God had endowed them with certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. However ,toda

19、y this issue has not yet been settled in many countries around the world .2. This much we pledge- and more. This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in

20、a large number of joint undertakings.4. .our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace.The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.5. .to enlarge the

21、 area in which its writ may run.We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in force.6. .before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.Before the terrible forc

22、es of destruction, which atomic bombs can now release,overwhelm mankind, which may be planned or brought about by an accident7. .yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the band of mankinds final war.Yet both groups of nations are attempting to change as quickly as possi

23、ble this uncertain balance of terrible military power that restrains each group from launching mankind;s final war.8. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness.So let us start once again , bearing in mind that being polite is not a sign of weakness.9. Le

24、t both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.10. .each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.Amer

25、icans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country by frighting and dying for their countrys cause.11. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love.Let us lead the country we love

26、 , knowing our sure reward will be a good conscience and history will finally judge whether we have done our task well or not. We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning , signifying renewal as well as change.我们今天庆祝的不是一个政党的胜利，而是一个自

27、由的盛会，它代表这一个时代的结束和另一个时代的开端，它代表着重生和改变。 Let the word go forth from this time and place , to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century,tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling t

28、o witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed , and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.此时此地我向朋友和敌人宣布：火炬已经传递给了新一代的美国人，他们出生于本世纪，经受过战争的洗礼，受过冷峻而苦涩的和平的考验，以我们的古代遗产为傲，不愿意见到或者允许这些人权被逐渐取消。这个国家一直致力于维护这些人权，如今我们在国内和全世界也在维护这些人权

29、。 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price , bear any burden, meet any hardship , support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.让世界上每一个希望我们成功或窘迫的国家知道：我们将不惜任何代价，承担任何责任，应对任何艰难，支持一切朋友，反对一切敌人，以确保自由的幸存和成功。 United , there i

30、s little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. 只要我们团结起来，我们将在大量的合作型事业中战无不胜。 Divided, there is little we can do ,for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.如果分裂开来，我们将一事无成，因为我们不能在争执中去应对巨大的挑战，我们的关系会崩裂。 If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save

31、 the few who are rich.如果自由的社会不能帮助多数穷人，它就不能拯救少数的富人。 We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.我们不敢以软弱来诱惑它们。因为只有当我们的军备力量无疑是非常充足的时候，我们才能确保不会使用武力。 In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than m

32、ine,will rest the final success or failure of our course.我们的同胞们，我们事业成败的关键与其说掌握在我的手中，不如说掌握在你们的手中。 Now the trumpet summons us again-not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle , though embattled we are; but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle , year in and year out , “rejoicing in hope , patient in tribulation,” a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny , poverty disease and war itself.