第五讲 非谓语动词.docx

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第五讲 非谓语动词.docx

第五讲非谓语动词

第五讲非谓语动词

一、非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成:

非谓语形式

构成

特征和作用

时态和语态

否定式

复合结构

不定式

todo

tobedoing

tohavedone

tobedone

tohavebeendone

在非谓语前加not

forsb.todosth.

具有名词,副词和形容词的作用

在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语

分词

现在分词

doing

havingdone

beingdone

havingbeendone

具有副词和形容词的作用

在句中做定、表、宾补和状语

过去分词

done

动名词

doing

havingdone

beingdone

havingbeendone

sb’sdoing

具有名词的作用

在句中做主、宾、定和表语

Ⅰ.动词不定式:

to+动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to)。

(没有人称和数的变化,可以有自己的宾语和状语,可以有时态和语态的变化)

1.一般式:

主动语态:

todo,被动语态:

tobe+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)

2.进行式:

主动语态:

tobedoing,被动语态:

无(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)

3.完成式:

主动语态:

tohave+动词过去分词,被动语态:

tohavebeen+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)

4.用法:

(1)作主语:

Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.

=It'snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.

(2)作表语:

Themostimportantthingistofinishtheworkontime.

(3)作宾语:

a.动词+todo.Hedecidedtobuyanewwatch.(agree,choose,want,hope,like,wish,learn,love,plan,try,start,afford…)

b.动词+疑问词+todoIdon'tknowwheretoputthebike.

c.动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+todoIfinditimportanttolearnasecondforeignlanguage.

(4)作补语:

a.动词+宾语+todoTomaskedmetoshowhimthenewshoes.(tell,wish,ask,want,like,beg,invite,allow,encourage…)

b.动词+宾语+不带to的动词HeoftensawTomplayfootball.(see,hear,feel,watch,notice,have,make,let…)

(5)作状语:

a.表示目的:

HewenttoGuangzhoutoseehissons.Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.

b.表示结果:

Heistootiredtowalkanyfarther.Theyaren'toldenoughtogotoschool.

c.表示原因:

Heissorrytohearthat.Iamgladtoseeyou.

(6)作定语:

Ihavesomethingtotellyou.Iwanttobuysomethingtoeat.

5.动词不定式to的省略:

a.在感官动词feel,hear,see,watch,notice及使役动词have,let,make等后面要省to,但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。

Ioftensawhimgooutoftheroom.--------Hewasoftenseentogooutoftheroombyme.

b.在hadbetter,wouldrather,donothingbut等后面常省to。

6.动词不定式的否定形式:

not+todo,有时也可以用-never+todo结构。

以练促记:

1.(2012北京,25)Let's________forawalk,shallwe?

A.togoB.goingC.goD.gone

2.(2012天津,41)—Whydon'tyougoouttoplay,Rose?

—I'mafraidIcan't.Ihavemuchhomework________.

A.doB.doesC.doingD.todo

3.(2012上海,41)Stop________aboutthetraffic.Justthinkaboutwhatwecandotoimproveit.

A.complainB.tocomplainC.complainingD.complained

4.(2012重庆,26)Mr.Liasksthestudents________intheriver,be-causeit'stoodangerous.

A.swimB.toswimC.nottoswimD.tonotswim

5.(2012广东,44)Ittookmetwoweeks________readingthenovelswrittenbyCuoJingming.

A.finishB.tofinishC.finishesD.finishing

6.(2012福建福州,34)Itwassuchafunnyshowthatpeoplecouldn'thelp________againandagain.

A.laughB.tolaughC.laughing

7.(2012四川成都,37)Parentsoftenasktheirkids________theirin-ternetfriendsbecausethekidsmaybeindanger.

A.tomeetB.nottomeetC.meeting

8.(2012甘肃兰州,32)Thedoctordidwhathecould________thegirlwhowasbadlyhurtintheaccident.

A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saves

9.(2012江西,36)Youneedtotakenotesatthemeetingsomakesure________apenandsomepaperwithyou.

A.bringB.bringingC.tobringD.notbring

10.(2012肉蒙古呼和浩特,8)—Whichdressdoyoulikebest,Madam?

—Sorry,Ican'tdecide________now.

A.tobuywhichoneB,buywhichone

C.whichonetobuyD.whichIshouldbuyit

11.(2012浙江杭州,27)Mommakesmeeatanappleeveryday________thedoctoraway.

A.keepsB.iskeptC.tokeepD.kept

12.(2012江苏连云港,12)1prefer________someshoppingto________campingsincetheweatherisn'tlovely.

A.do;goingB.doing;goC.do;goD.doing;going

13.(2012江苏无锡,8)Myfatherdoesn'tlikeshoppingmuch.Hewouldrather________TVathomethan________aroundforhoursinshops.

A.watch;walkB.watch;towalk

C.towatch;towalkD.towatch;walk

Ⅱ.动名词:

动词原形+ing。

具有名词、动词一些特征。

1.一般式:

主动语态:

doing,被动语态:

being+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)

2.完成式:

主动语态:

having+动词过去分词,被动语态:

havingbeen+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生)

Childrenenjoywatchinganimatedcartoon.

Idon'trememberhavingeverseenthefilm.

3.动名词的否定形式:

not+动名词(v-ing)

Iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.

4.用法:

(1)作主语:

a.动名词作主语如果太长,可以用形式主语it代替。

LearningEnglishisveryimportant.---It'sveryimportanttolearnEnglish.

b.No+动名词表示"禁止"。

Nosmoking,Noparking.

(2)作宾语:

Hefinisheddoinghishomework.

(3)作表语:

Hisfavouritesportisplayingbasketball.

(4)作定语:

shoppingbasket,finishingline.(表明名词的用途、功能等)

(5)动名词的复合结构:

名词所有格、形容词物主代词+动名词。

Doyoumindmy/WeiFang'sopeningthewindow?

以练促记:

1.(2011湖北黄冈,40)—________________avolunteerisgreat.

—Ithinkso.Someofuswant________volunteersfortheLondonOlympics.

A.Being;beingB.Tobe;being

C.Being;tobeD.Tobe;tobe

2.(2011福建福州,39)—Don'tforget________yourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.

—Thanks.Iwon't.

A.bringB.tobringC.bringing

3.(2011陕西)Hesawalittleboy________onthetruckwhenhegotoffthecar.

A.playedB.toplayC.playingD.isplaying

4.(2011上海)Ithinkpeopleshouldstop________trees,ortheen-vironmentwillbecomeworse.

A.cutdownB.tocutdownC.cuttingdown

5.(2010江苏京)Peterisbusy________atschool,butheneverforgets________exerciseeveryday.

A.working;doingB.working;todoC.atwork;doing

6.(2010天津)—Don'tforget________________________________myparentswhenyouareinBeijing.

—OK!

Iwon't.

A.toseeB.seesC.seeing

7.(2012陕西西安)—Linda,lamverythirsty.

—Let'sgotothenearestsupermarket________somedrinks,OK?

A.buyB.boughtC.tobuyD.buying

8.(2011天津)Whynot________anEnglishclubtopractice________English?

A.tojoin;tospeakB.join;speaking

C.join;tospeakD.tojoin;speaking

9.(2011湖南)Shesawsomeboys________soccerontheplaygroundwhenshewasonthewaytotheclassroom.

A.playedB.toplayC.playing

10.(2011甘肃)Tellhim________tomorrow,OK?

A.comeB.tocomeC.comesD.iscoming

Ⅲ.分词:

动词原形+ing。

具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征。

(可分为现在分词、过去分词)

㈠.现在分词:

1.一般式:

主动语态:

doing,被动语态:

being+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)

2.完成式:

主动语态:

having+动词过去分词,被动语态:

havingbeen+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生)

3.动名词的否定形式:

not+动名词(v-ing)

Nounderstandingthemeaningofthewords,hecouldn'texplainthesentence.

4.用法:

(1)作表语:

Theresultissurprising.

(2)作定语:

Developingcountry(主谓关系)sleepingboy(boy所做的动作)

(3)作状语:

Passingbythehouse,hesawagirlplayingthepiano.=whenhewaspassingbythehouse,hesawagirlplayingthepiano.

(4)作宾补:

Ifoundhimlyingonthegrass.

㈡.过去分词:

1.形式:

规则动词+ed,和不规则动词的过去分词。

2.过去分词的否定形式:

not+动词过去分词。

3.用法:

(1)作表语:

Mybikeisbroken.Heisveryworried.

(2)作定语:

developedcountry,fallenleaves,spokenEnglish.

(3)作状语:

Askedwhyhewasabsent,hesaidhewasill.=Whenhewasaskedwhyhewasabsent,hesaidhewasill.

(4)作宾补:

Youhadbetterhaveyourshoesmended.Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.

以练促记:

1.(2010四川成都,42)—Where'syourbrothernow,Bob?

—Isawhim________inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim

A.playing;don'tdosoB.playing;nottodosoC.play;todoso

2.(2010黑龙江哈尔滨,30)Asteenagers,we'reoldenough________withhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable,washthedishesandcleanourownrooms.

A.tohelpB.helpingC.helped

3.(2009湖北黄冈,39)—HaveyouseentheTVplayMyUglyMother?

—Yes,it'swellworth_________________.It's_________________movingthatI'veseenittwice.

A.seeing;tooB.tosee;enough

C.seeing;soD.tosee;such

4.(2009甘肃兰州,24)Whynot________yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan'tbrushfire________itbyyourself?

A.ask;writeB.toask;writing

C.ask;writingD.asking;write

5.(2008陵西,26)Hisparentsoftenencouragehim________hard.

A.workB.workingC.toworkD.works

6.(2008天津,36)LastweekImetmyoldfriendLiMingbutIforgot________himforhistelephonenumber.

A.askB.askingC.andaskD.toask

7.(2008;1苏徐州,29)Theboypromised________lateforschoolagain.

A.tonotbeB.nottobeC.notbeingD.beingnot

8.(2012江苏无锡一模,12)YoucanneverimaginethegreatdifficultyIhad________herQQnumber.

A.togetB.gettingC.gotD.nottoget

9.(2012江西新余)—Whydon'tyouwrite?

—Sorry.Idon'thaveapen________.

A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith

10.(2012河南新乡)—Whatdoyouplantodothisweekend?

—Idon'tfeellike________suchalongtrip.Iwouldlikewithmymomathome.

A.having;stayingB.having;tostay

C.tohave;stayingD.tohave;tostay

11.(2011云南)—Howabout________intheriverwithus?

—Sorry,lcan't.Myparentsoftentellme________that.

A.swim;don'tdoB.swim;todo

C.swimming;notdoD.swimming;nottodo

二、做宾语的非谓语动词比较:

情况

常用动词

只接不定式做宾语的动词

hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen

只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语

mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practice,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,consider

can’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto

两者都可以

意义基本相同

begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)

need,want,require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)

意义相反

stoptodo停止手中事,去做另一件事

stopdoing停止正在做的事

意义不同

remember/forget/regrettodo(指动作尚未发生)

remember/forget/regretdoing(指动作已经发生)

goontodo(接着做另外一件事)

goondoing(接着做同一件事)

trytodo(设法,努力去做,尽力)

trydoing(试试去做,看有何结果)

meantodo(打算做,企图做)

meandoing(意识是,意味着)

can’thelptodo(不能帮忙做)can’thelpdoing(忍不住要做)

三、非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别:

常见动词

与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念

例句

不定式

ask,beg,expect,get,orde

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