第五讲 非谓语动词.docx

1、第五讲 非谓语动词第五讲 非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to doto be doing to have doneto be doneto have been done在非谓语前加notfor sb. to do sth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donesb

2、s doing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语. 动词不定式：to 动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带to ）。（没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语，可以有时态和语态的变化）1. 一般式：主动语态：to do , 被动语态：to be + 动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)2. 进行式：主动语态：to be doing , 被动语态：无 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)3. 完成式：主动语态：to have +动词过去分词，被动语态：to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)4. 用法：（1）

3、作主语：To learn a foreign language is not easy. = Its not easy to learn a foreign language .（2）作表语：The most important thing is to finish the work on time .（3）作宾语：a. 动词to do . He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford )b. 动词疑问词to do I d

4、ont know where to put the bike .c. 动词形式宾语(it)宾补to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language .（4）作补语：a. 动词宾语to do Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage)b. 动词宾语不带to的动词 He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch

5、, notice, have, make, let)（5）作状语：a. 表示目的：He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus .b. 表示结果：He is too tired to walk any farther . They arent old enough to go to school .c. 表示原因：He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you .（6）作定语： I have something to t

6、ell you . I want to buy something to eat .5.动词不定式to 的省略：a在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to，但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。I often saw him go out of the room .- He was often seen to go out of the room by me .b在had better, would rather, do nothing but等后面常省to。6.动词不定式的否定形式：not + to do ，有

7、时也可以用never + to do 结构。以练促记：1. ( 2012北京 ,25) Lets_ for a walk,shall we?A. to go B. going C. go D. gone2. ( 2012天津,41 ) Why dont you go out to play,Rose?Im afraid I cant.I have much homework_.A.do B.does C.doing D.to do3. ( 2012上海,41 ) Stop _ about the traffic. Just think about what we can do to impro

8、ve it.A.complain B.to complain C.complaining D.complained4. ( 2012重庆,26) Mr. Li asks the students _in the river,be-cause its too dangerous.A. swim B. to swim C. not to swim D. to not swim5. ( 2012广东,44) It took me two weeks_ reading the novels written by Cuo Jingming.A.finish B.to finish C.finishes

9、D.finishing6. (2012福建福州,34) It was such a funny show that people couldnt help _again and again.A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing7. ( 2012四川成都,37 ) Parents often ask their kids_ their in-ternet friends because the kids may be in danger.A. to meet B. not to meet C. meeting8. ( 2012甘肃兰州,32 ) The doctor did

10、 what he could_ the girl who was badly hurt in the accident.A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves9. ( 2012江西,36) You need to take notes at the meeting so make sure _a pen and some paper with you.A.bring B.bringing C.to bring D.not bring10. (2012肉蒙古呼和浩特,8) Which dress do you like best,Madam?Sorry,I c

11、ant decide_ now.A. to buy which one B, buy which oneC. which one to buy D. which I should buy it11. (2012浙江杭州,27) Mom makes me eat an apple every day_ the doctor away.A.keeps B.is kept C.to keep D.kept 12. ( 2012江苏连云港,12)1 prefer _ some shopping to _ camping since the weather isnt lovely.A. do; goin

12、g B. doing ; go C. do ; go D. doing ; going13. ( 2012江苏无锡,8) My father doesnt like shopping much. He would rather_ TV at home than_ around for hours in shops.A. watch ; walk B. watch ; to walkC. to watch ; to walk D. to watch ; walk. 动名词：动词原形ing 。具有名词、动词一些特征。1. 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词（表示

13、动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)2. 完成式：主动语态：having +动词过去分词，被动语态：having been +动词过去分词 （表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生）Children enjoy watching animated cartoon . I dont remember having ever seen the film .3. 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词（v-ing） I regret not being able to help you .4. 用法：（1）作主语：a. 动名词作主语如果太长，可以用形式主语it代替。Learni

14、ng English is very important .- Its very important to learn English .b. No + 动名词表示禁止。No smoking, No parking .（2）作宾语：He finished doing his homework .（3）作表语：His favourite sport is playing basketball .（4）作定语：shopping basket, finishing line . （表明名词的用途、功能等）（5）动名词的复合结构：名词所有格、形容词物主代词动名词。Do you mind my / We

15、i Fangs opening the window ?以练促记：1.（2011湖北黄冈,40）_a volunteer is great.I think so. Some of us want_ volunteers for the London Olympics.A. Being ; being B. To be ; beingC. Being; to be D. To be ; to be2. ( 2011福建福州, 39 ) Dont forget _ your history and politics books tomorrow morning.Thanks. I wont.A.

16、bring B. to bring C. bringing3. ( 2011陕西) He saw a little boy _on the truck when he got off the car.A. played B. to play C. playing D. is playing4. ( 2011上海)I think people should stop _trees,or the en-vironment will become worse.A. cut down B. to cut down C.cutting down5. (2010江苏京) Peter is busy _ a

17、t school,but he never forgets_ exercise every day.A. working; doing B. working ; to do C. at work; doing6.( 2010天津)Dont forget_my parents when you are in Beijing.OK! I wont.A. to see B. sees C. seeing7. ( 2012陕西西安) Linda,l am very thirsty.Lets go to the nearest supermarket _ some drinks,OK? A.buy B.

18、bought C.to buy D.buying8. ( 2011天津) Why not _an English club to practice _English?A. to join; to speak B. join ; speakingC. join ; to speak D. to join; speaking9. (2011湖南) She saw some boys _soccer on the playground when she was on the way to the classroom.A.played B.to play C.playing10. ( 2011甘肃)

19、Tell him_ tomorrow,OK?A.come B.to come C.comes D.is coming. 分词：动词原形ing 。具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征。（可分为现在分词、过去分词）. 现在分词：1. 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词（表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)2. 完成式：主动语态：having +动词过去分词，被动语态：having been +动词过去分词 （表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生）3. 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词（v-ing） No understanding the me

20、aning of the words, he couldnt explain the sentence .4. 用法：（1）作表语：The result is surprising .（2）作定语：Developing country (主谓关系) sleeping boy (boy 所做的动作)（3）作状语：Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano . = when he was passing by the house , he saw a girl playing the piano .（4）作宾补：I found him

21、 lying on the grass. 过去分词：1. 形式：规则动词ed，和不规则动词的过去分词。2. 过去分词的否定形式：not + 动词过去分词。3. 用法：（1）作表语：My bike is broken . He is very worried .（2）作定语：developed country, fallen leaves, spoken English .（3）作状语：Asked why he was absent, he said he was ill . = When he was asked why he was absent, he said he was ill .（

22、4）作宾补：You had better have your shoes mended . I had my hair cut yesterday .以练促记：1. ( 2010四川成都,42 ) Wheres your brother now,Bob?I saw him_ in the street a moment ago and I told himA. playing;dont do so B. playing;not to do so C. play;to do so2. ( 2010黑龙江哈尔滨, 30 ) As teenagers, were old enough_ with h

23、ousework. We can help set the table,wash the dishes and clean our own rooms.A. to help B. helping C. helped3. (2009湖北黄冈,39) Have you seen the TV play My Ugly Mother ?Yes,its well worth_.Its _moving that Ive seen it twice.A. seeing ; too B. to see ; enoughC. seeing; so D. to see ; such4. ( 2009甘肃兰州,2

24、4 ) Why not _ your teacher for help when you cant brushfire _it by yourself?A. ask ; write B. to ask ; writingC. ask ; writing D. asking ; write5. ( 2008陵西,26) His parents often encourage him_ hard.A.work B.working C.to work D.works6. ( 2008天津,36) Last week I met my old friend Li Ming but I forgot _

25、 him for his telephone number.A. ask B. asking C. and ask D. to ask7. ( 2008 ;1苏徐州, 29 ) The boy promised_ late for school again.A. to not be B. not to be C. not being D. being not8. (2012江苏无锡一模，12)You can never imagine the great difficulty I had_ her QQ number.A.to get B.getting C.got D.not to get9

26、（2012江西新余）Why dont you write?Sorry.I dont have a pen_.A. to write B.to write with C. writing D.writing with10. ( 2012河南新乡) What do you plan to do this weekend?I dont feel like_ such a long trip.I would like with my mom at home.A. having; staying B. having ; to stayC. to have ; staying D. to have ; t

27、o stay11. ( 2011云南) How about_ in the river with us?Sorry,l cant. My parents often tell me_ that.A. swim ; dont do B. swim; to doC. swimming ; not do D. swimming ; not to do二、做宾语的非谓语动词比较：情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determ

28、ine, promise, happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practice, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, considercant help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take

29、 pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to两者都可以意义基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doin

30、g 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）go on to do（接着做另外一件事）go on doing（接着做同一件事）try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing（试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do（打算做，企图做）mean doing （意识是，意味着）cant help to do（不能帮忙做） cant help doing（忍不住要做）三、非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, orde