专题02 细节题备战高考英语阅读理解秒杀思维和技巧.docx

专题02 细节题备战高考英语阅读理解秒杀思维和技巧.docx

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专题02细节题备战高考英语阅读理解秒杀思维和技巧

备战2021年高考英语理解秒杀思维和技巧

专题02细节题及常见的阅读中的同义词

细节题

1.细节题常见的段落模式有：

列举型（A篇），时间型（first,second...很少考），空间型（ontheleft,above...很少考），分类型（divideintodifferenttypes...常见于科普文章），例证型（forexample/instance），程序型（tobeginwith,afterthat..常见于科技文），因果型（because,asaresultof...therefor,thus...inorderto...），比较型（like,common...while,otherwise,whereas....），搞清楚这些可以帮助回答这一题型：

（1）Lastweek,mygranddaughterstartedkindergarten,and,asisconventional,Iwishedhereverysuccess,Butpartofmedidn’t.

IactuallywantedhertofailinsomewaysbecauseIbelievethatfailurecanbegoodforourlearningprocess,Successisprovingthatyoucandosomethingthatyoualreadyknowyoucando,First–timesuccessisusuallyafluke（侥幸）,First-timefailure,bycontrast,isexpected;itisthenaturalorderofthingsFailureishowwelearn.

InAfricatheydescribeagoodcookas“shewhohasbrokenmanybots”,Ifyou’vespentenoughtimeinthekitchentobreakalotofpots,probablyyouknowalotaboutcooking,Ioncehaddinnerwithagroupofcooksandtheyspentalotoftimecomparingknifewoundsandburnscars,TheyKnewhowmuchtheirfailuresgavethem.

Iearnmylivingbywritingadailynewspapercolumn,EachweekIamawarethatonecolumnIwritewillbemysores,Idon’tsetouttowriteit;Itrymybesteveryday.Ihavelearnedtocherishthatcolumn.AgoodcolumnusuallymeansthatIamdiscussingafamiliartopic,writinginastyleIamusedtoorsayingthesamethingsassomeoneelsebutinfancyway.

Myyoungerdaughterisatrapezeartist（杂技荡秋千演员），Shespentthreeyearsputtingtogetherashowandshediditsuccessfullyforyears,Therewasnoreasonforhertochangeit-butshedidanyway,Shesaidshewasnolongerlearninganythingnewandshewasbored;andifshewasbored,therewasnopointinsubjectingherbodytoallthatstress

MygranddaughterisaperfectionistShewillfeelherfailures,andIwillwanttocomforther,ButIsillalso,Ihope,remindherofwhatshelearned,andhowshecandobetternexttime,IhopeIcantellher,though,thatit’snottheendoftheworld,Indeed,withluck,itisthebeginning

1.Theauthordevelopsthearticlemainlyby__________.

A.givingexamples

B.followingthetimeorder

C.comparingdifferentopinions

D.presentingacauseandanalyzingitseffects

（2）Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincrease thewatercatcher’s productivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.

Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone（圆锥体）with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.

34.What’sthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?

A.Digaholeofacertainsize                    B.Putthecupinplace

C.Weightthesheet’scenterdown                D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet

（3）RevolutionaryTVEars

TVEarshashelpedthousandsofpeoplewithvariousdegreesofhearinglosshearthetelevisionclearlywithoutturningupthevolume（音量）andnowit’sbetterandmoreaffordablethanever!

WithTVEarswirelesstechnology,yousetyourownheadsetvolume,whileotherTVlistenershearthetelevisionatavolumelevelthat’scomfortableforthem.YoucanevenlistenthroughtheheadsetonlyandputtheTVonmute（静音）ifthesituationcallsforaquietenvironment—maybethebabyissleeping.Orperhapsyouaretheonlyonewhoisinterestedinlisteningtotheballgame.

TVEarspatentedtechnologyincludesarevolutionarynoisereductioncartip,notusedinanyothercommerciallyavailableheadset.Thistipreducesoutsidenoisesothattelevisiondialogueisclearandunderstandable.Getthetechnologythathasproventohelpthemostdemandingcustomers.That’swhyTVEarshasearnedthetrustandconfidenceofaudiologists（听觉学家）nationwideaswellasworld-famousdoctors.

DoctorRecommendedTVEars!

“MywifeandIhaveusedTVEarsalmostdailyforthepasttwoyearsandfindthemagreathelpinourenjoymentoftelevision.Asaretiredeardoctor,IheartilyrecommendTVEarstopeoplewithnormalhearingaswellasthosewithhearingloss.”

—RobertForbes,M.D,CA

CustomerRecommendedTVEars!

“NowmyhusbandcanhavethevolumeasloudasheneedsandIcanhavetheTVatmyhearinglevel.TVEarsissocomfortablethatJackforgetshehasthemon!

Hecanonceagainhearandunderstandthedialogue.”

—Darlene&JackB,CA

RiskFreeTrial!

TVEarscomeswitha30-dayriskfreetrial.

SpecialOffer—Now＄59.95.

Ifyou’renotsatisfied,returnit.

Money-backguarantee!

Callnow!

800-123-7832

62.Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby______

A.usingrecommendations

B.offeringreasonsforthisinvention

C.providingstatistics

D.showingtheresultsofexperiments

（4）Vaillant'sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen'smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart-timejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.

3.Vaillant'steamobtainedtheirfindingsby____.

A.recordingtheboys'effortinschool

B.evaluatingthemen'smentalhealth

C.comparingdifferentsetsofscores

D.measuringthemen'sproblemsolvingability

（5）Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight'ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.

Researchershavediscoveredthat"nightmilk"containsmoremelatonin（褪黑激素）,whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.

Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.

Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime,accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood.

Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.

Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow,takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.

Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.

Milkisalsosugar-freeandadditive-freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.

4.Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?

A.Bygivingexamples.

B.Bystatingarguments.

C.Byexplainingstatisticaldata.

D.Byprovidingresearchresults.

2.细节题中词汇的同义替换词很重要。

（1）CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

Duration:

3hours

Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!

1.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?

A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.

C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.

（2）ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（装置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem:

asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（节奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.

29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?

A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.

B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.

C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.

D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.

（3）FireExtinguishers

Fireextinguishersarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.

Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.

4.Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?

A.Usingthemwronglyresultsinpunishment.

B.Irresponsibleuseofthemcandamagethem.

C.Improperuseofthemcandestroytheapartment.

D.Usingthemwithoutatrainerpresentisforbidden.

★高频动词：

Book=reserve=order

Conduct=carryout

Please=amuse=entertain

Improve=promote

Guarantee=ensure

Document=record

Preserve=protect

Ruin=destroy=damage=violate

Declare=announce=inform

Divide=separate=partwith

complete=fulfill=accomplish=achieve

Delay=putoff=postpone

Give=supply=provide=offer

Ignore=turnone’sbackto

Overuse=abuse

encourage=motivate=stimulate=spur

Reject=refuse=turndown=decline

Receive=accept

See=o