英美文学知识点总结适用于英语专八.docx

英美文学知识点总结适用于英语专八.docx

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英美文学知识点总结适用于英语专八

OldEnglishLiterature古英语文学

（450-1066年）

Beowulf（贝奥武甫）---ThefirstEnglishnationalepic

中世纪英语文学（1066-1500）

GeoffreyChaucer（乔叟，c.1343–1400）wasanEnglishpoet.HeisrememberedforhisTheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》,calledthefatherofEnglishliterature“英国文学之父”

WilliamLangland（朗格兰，1330?

-1400?

）,theauthorofthe14th-centuryEnglishlongnarrativepoemPiersPlowman《农夫皮尔斯》.

文艺复兴（16-17世纪）

WilliamShakespeare（莎士比亚，1564-1616）,Englishpoetandplaywright,hissurvivingworksconsistof38plays,154sonnets,twolongnarrativepoemsVenusandAdonis《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》TheRapeofLucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》

Shakespeare’sgreatestworks:

greatesttragediesareKingLear《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》,Othello《奥赛罗》,RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

greatcomedies:

AMidsummerNight’sDream《仲夏夜之梦》,AsYouLikeIt《皆大欢喜》,TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》,TwelfthNight《第十二夜》

greathistoricalplays:

RichardIII《理查三世》,HenryIV《亨利四世》,HenryV《亨利五世》,HenryVII《亨利八世》

JohnMilton（弥尔顿,1608-1674）wasanEnglishpoetandcivilservantfortheCommonwealthofEngland.HeisbestknownforhisepicpoemParadiseLost《失乐园》,ParadiseRegained《复乐园》Samson《力士参孙》.

18世纪文学和新古典主义

AlexanderPope（浦柏,1688-1744）isgenerallyregardedasthegreatestEnglishpoetoftheeighteenthcentury,bestknownforhissatiricalepigram讽刺隽语andheroiccouplet英雄双韵体.HismajorworksincludemockepicsatiricalpoemAnEssayonMan《人论》andAnEssayonCriticism《论批评》

DanielDefoe（笛福，1660—1731）wasanEnglishwriterwhogainedenduringfameforhisnovelRobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》,spokesmanformiddle-classpeople

HenryFielding（菲尔丁,1707---1754），anEnglishnovelistknownforhisnovel:

TheHistoryofTomJones.

JonathanSwift（斯威夫特,1667-1745）,wasanAnglo-Irishnovelist,satirist.HeisrememberedfornovelsuchasGulliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》.

RichardSheridan（谢立丹，1751—1816）,Irishplaywright,knownforhissatiricalplaySchoolofScandal（造谣学校）.HewasarepresntativewriterofComediesofManners.

LaurenceSterne（斯特恩,1713—1768）,anEnglishnovelist.HeisbestknownforhisnovelTristramShandy（《商第传》）.

OliverGoldsmith（哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）Englishnovelist,knownforhisnovelVicarofWakefield（《威克菲尔德牧师传记》）

ThomasGray（托马斯•格雷1716—1771），anEnglishpoet,authorofElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard（《墓畔哀歌》）,writerofsentimentalism感伤派.

浪漫主义（18世纪末19世纪初）

WilliamBlake（1757–1827）wasanEnglishpoet,bestknownforhispoeticalcollectionsofSongofInnocence《天真之歌》andSongofExperience《经验之歌》.

WilliamWordsworth（1770-1850）,amajorEnglishRomanticpoetwho,withSamuelTaylorColeridge,helpedlaunchtheRomanticAgeinEnglishliteraturewiththeir1798jointpublication,LyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》.Wordsworth‘smagnumopusisgenerallyconsideredtobeThePrelude《序曲》.

SamuelTaylorColeridge（柯勒律治,1772–1834）wasanEnglishpoetwhowas,alongwithhisfriendWilliamWordsworth,oneofthefoundersoftheRomanticMovementinEnglandandoneoftheLakePoets.HeisprobablybestknownforhispoemsTheRimeoftheAncientMariner《古舟子颂》andKublaKhan《忽必烈汗》

GeorgeGordonByron（拜伦，1788—1824）wasaEnglishpoetandaleadingfigureinRomanticism.AmongstByron‘sbest-knownworksarehisnarrativepoemsChildeHarold‘sPilgrimage《哈罗尔德游记》andDonJuan《唐璜》

PercyByssheShelley（1792—1822）wasoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguage.HeisperhapsmostfamousforOdetotheWestWind《西风颂》,ToaSkylark《致云雀》,PrometheusUnbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》.

MaryShelley（玛丽•雪莱1797–1851）wasaBritishnovelistbestknownforherGothicnovelFrankenstein《弗兰肯斯坦》,consideredasfirstsciencefiction

JohnKeats（济慈,1795—1821）wasanEnglishpoetwhobecameoneoftheprincipalpoetsoftheEnglishRomanticmovement.HismasterpiecessuchasOdeonaGrecianUrn《希腊古瓮颂》andOdetoaNightingale《夜莺颂》

浪漫主义时期小说家

JaneAusten（1775—1817）,wasanEnglishnovelist.HermajornovelsincludeSenseandSensibility（《理智与情感》）,PrideandPrejudice（《傲慢与偏见》）,Emma（《爱玛》）.

WalterScott（司各特,1771---1832）,aprolificScottishhistoricalnovelist.HismajorworksisIvanhoe《艾凡赫》

Realism现实主义时期（VictorianAge维多利亚时期1837-1901）

Brontesisters勃朗宁姐妹,Charlotte（夏洛蒂,1816–1855）,Emily（艾米丽,1818–1848）andAnne（安妮,1820–1849）,wereEnglishwritersofthe1840sand1850s.Charlotte‘sJaneEyre《简爱》,Emily’sWutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》andAnne'sAgnesGrey《艾格妮斯·格雷》aremasterpiecesofEnglishliterature.

GeorgeElliot（乔治-爱略特，1819—1880）wasanEnglishnovelist.ShewasoneoftheleadingwritersoftheVictorianera.Hernovels,largelysetinprovincialEngland.Hermajornovelsinclude:

TheMillontheFloss《佛洛斯河上的磨坊》Middlemarch《米德尔玛契》.

CharlesDickens（1812–1870）：

oneofthemostpopularEnglishnovelistsoftheVictorianera.Hismajornovelsinclude:

ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》,OliverTwist《奥利弗退斯特》,DavidCopperfield《大卫科波菲尔德》,GreatExpectation《远大前程》,HardTimes《艰难时世》

WilliamMakepeaceThackeray（萨克雷，1811—1863）wasanEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Hewasfamousforhissatiricalworks,particularlyVanityFair《名利场》

Mrs.Gaskell（盖斯凯尔夫人,1810-1865）wasanEnglishnovelistduringtheVictorianera.Hermajornovelsinclude:

MaryBarton《玛丽•巴顿》

ThomasHardy（哈代,1840–1928）,anEnglishnovelistofthenaturalism自然主义.Hismajornovelsinclude:

Tessofthed‘Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》FarfromtheMaddingCrowd《远离尘嚣》JudetheObscure.《无名的裘德》MostofhisnovelsaresetinWessex（威塞克斯）.

现实主义时期诗歌

RobertBrowning（布朗宁,1812–1889）wasanEnglishpoetandplaywrightwhosemasteryofdramaticverse,especiallydramaticmonologues戏剧独白,madehimoneoftheforemostVictorianpoets.

AlfredTennyson（丁尼生，1809–1892）wasPoetLaureateoftheUnitedKingdomandremainsoneofthemostpopularEnglishpoets.Tennysonexcelledatpenningshortlyrics,including"Break,break,break"

OscarWilde（王尔德,1854–1900）

playwrightandonenovel,knownforhisaestheticism唯美主义（artforart’ssake为了艺术而艺术）.HismajorplaysincludeTheImportanceofBeingEarnest《不可儿戏》;HismajornovelisThePictureofDorianGray《道林-格雷的画像》

20世纪和现代主义

BernardShaw（萧伯纳,1856-1950）,anIrishplaywright,thegreatestdramatistinEnglishliteratureinthe20thcentury.Headheredtothetraditionofrealism,writingplaysasawaytodiscusssocialproblems.HewonNobelPrizeforliteraturein1925.Hismajorplaysinclude,MrsWarren’sProfession《华伦夫人的情人》,MajorBarbara《芭芭拉少校》,Pygmalion《皮革马力翁》andSaintJoan《圣女贞德》

JohnGalsworthy（高尔斯华绥,1867-1933）oneofthemostimportantnovelistsintheEarly20thcentury，aNobelPrizewinner.HismajorworksisForsyteSaga《福尔赛世家》whichcomprisesthreenovels:

TheManofProperty《有产业的人》,InChancery《衡平法院》ToLet《出租》

JosephConrad（康拉德,1857-1932）ConradwasborninPolandandanEnglishnovelist.HismajornovelsincludeLordJim《吉姆爷》andTheHeartofDarkness《黑暗的心》.

JamesJoyce（乔伊斯,1882-1941）:

AnIrishbornnovelist,knownforthetechniqueofthestreamofconsciousness.Hismainworks:

Ulysses《尤利西斯》;

APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan;《青年艺术家的肖像》Finnegan’sWake;《芬尼根彻夜祭》Dubliners《都柏林人》

E.M.Forster（福斯特,1879-1970）anEnglishnovelist,APassagetoIndia《印度之行》

T.S.Eliot（T.S.艾略特,1888-1965）：

Americanpoet,bestknownforhispoemTheWasteLand《荒原》,1948NobelPrizewinnerforliterature.

DavidHerbertLawrence（D.H.劳伦斯,1885-1930）,anEnglishnovelist.Hismostimportantnovelsare,Rainbow《彩虹》andSonsandLovers《儿子与情人》.Heisthefounderofstreamofconsciousness意识流.

WilliamButlerYeats（叶芝,1865-1939）anIrishpoetandawardedNobelPrizeforliteraturein1923.HismajorpoemsincludeSailingtoByzantium《驶向拜占庭》andLedaandSwan《利达和天鹅》.

SamuelBeckett（贝克特，1906-1989）,anIrishdramatistandNobelPrizewinnerforLiterature.HismasterpieceisWaitingforGodot《等待戈多》.Heistheexponentofthetheatreoftheabsurd荒诞派戏剧.

IrisJeanMurdoch（默多克,1919-1999）,Englishfemalenovelist,hermajornovelsincludeBlackPrince《黑王子》,TheSea,theSea《大海啊，大海》andUnicorn《独角兽》

DorisLessing（莱辛,1919--）isaBritishwriter,authorofworkssuchasthenovelsTheGrassisSinging.In2007,LessingwontheNobelPrizeinLiterature.

MurielSpark（斯帕克,1918-2006）Englishfemalenovelist,bestknownforhernovelThePrimeofMissJeanBrodie（1961）《布罗迪小姐的青春》

VirginiaWoolf（伍尔夫,1882-1941）Woolfisanexponentofmodernismandoneofthemostimportantfemalenovelists.HermajorworksincludeMrs.Dalloway《达洛威夫人》,TotheLighthouse《向灯塔去》.

美国文学

殖民地革命时期

BenjaminFranklin（富兰克林,1706-1790）:

oneofAmericanfoundingfathers（建国之父）

Majorworks:

Autobiography《自传》PoorRichard’sAlmanack《穷人理查历书》

JonathanEdwards（爱德华兹，1703–1758）wasacolonialtheologianandwriter.HisworkisoftenassociatedwiththePuritanheritage.Hisfamoussermon"SinnersintheHandsofanAngryGod,"《落在忿怒之神手中的罪人》iscreditedforstartingtheFirstGreatAwakening.

ThomasPain（潘恩,1737-1809）:

Britishpamphleteer.Majorworks:

CommonSense《常识》（1776）

Federalists’Papers《联邦党人文集》:

AlexanderHamilton汉密尔顿JohnJay杰伊JamesMadison曼迪逊

浪漫主义时期

RomanticPeriod（1790-1865）：

EarlierRomanticPeriod（1790-1830）

RomanticHeyday（1830-1865）

EarlierRomanticPeriod:

WashingtonIrving（1783-1859）

FenimoreCooper（1789-1851）

WashingtonIrving（华盛顿•欧文,1783-1859）:

Americanromanticnovelist.Hewasbestknownforhisshortstories“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“RipVanWinkle”,bothofwhichappearinhisbookTheSketchBook《见闻札记》.IrvingisthefirstAmericanwriterwhogainedinternationalfame.

JamesFenimoreCooper（库珀,1789-1851）:

Americanromanticnovelist,bestrememberedforhisLeatherstockingTales《皮袜子故事》（ThePioneer《拓荒者》,DeerSlayer《猎鹿者》,Pathfinder《探路人》,Prairie《大草原》,TheLastoftheMohicans《最后的莫西干人》）featuringfrontiersmanNattyBumppo.

2）RomanticHeyday（1830-1865）:

WaldoRalphEmerson

HenryDavidThoreau

Wa