非谓语动词作定语语法讲义.docx
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非谓语动词作定语语法讲义
1.
如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后，则作的是定语。
如：
Themeetingyesterdaywasveryimportant.
Theuniversity,in1902,hasahistoryofacentury.
2.翻译：
翻译时先把句子的主干部分找出来，然后看剩下的部分
Themeetingyesterdaywasveryimportant.
Theuniversity,in1902,hasahistoryofacentury.
•:
可hemeetingheldyesterdaywasveryimportant.
1.和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系
2.时间关系：
将要发生、正在发生、已经完成如：
1）Therepairscostalot,butit'smoneywell.
A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending
2）Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketthedesert.
A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover
3）—Thelastonepaysthemeal.
—Agreed!
（2007全国卷I）
A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving
1.能作定语的不定式和分词有：
todo,tobedone,doing,beingdone,done（
注：
havingdone
havingdone
••
Theoldman,havingwaitedforthebusforhalfanhour,foundhehadlefthiswalletathome.（这havingwaited,）
Theoldman,whohadwaitedforthebusforhalfanhour,foundhehadlefthiswalletathome
todo:
如:
Ihavealotofthingstodo.
Theyearstofollowwillbeveryhard.
tobedone:
和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作还没发生。
•:
可hemeetingtobeheldtomorrowwillbeveryimportant.
doing（及物动词）：
和逻辑主语是主动关系
如：
Hereceivedalettersayinghismotherwouldcometoseehimsoon.beingdone（•・・•・）
如：
Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.
done（•物••）
注：
Thingslostwillnevercomeagain.
Wefinishedtheworkinlessthanhalfthetimeallowed.
如：
thedevelopingcountries:
thedevelopedcountries：
a）
如：
Heisthebestpersontodothejob.
ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.
b）
如：
DoyouhavetheabilitytowriteinEnglish.
c）
time,place・・way・・‘如：
Ineedaroomtolivein.
Ineedapentowritewith.
Ihadmoneyandnoplacetolive（in）.
d）
Ihavealotofthingstodo.todo
Ihavealotofthingstobedone.我有很多事情要做。
（被别人做・别人是tobedone
1.tobedone,beingdone,done作
.tobedone：
beingdone:
done
•:
ThemeetingtobeheldtomorrowwillbeveryimportantThemeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportantThemeetingheldyesterdaywasveryimportant.
2.havesomethingtodo••havesomethingtobedone•区havesomethingtodo
havesomethingtobedone主语有事让别人做
•:
Hhavealotofthingstodo.・to*do动作•发“
Ihavealotofthingstobedone.我有很多事情要做。
（被别人做，别人是tobedone
1.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpensesvacationtoChina.
A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid
2.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therestinayear.
A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed
3.Therehavebeenseveralneweventstotheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympic
Games.
A.addB.toaddC.addingD.added
4.TherearehundredsofvisitorsinfrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh
paintings.
A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait
5.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsChineseintheschool,most
werefromGermany.
A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom
6.TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGamesinBeijingin2008.
A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld
7.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone.
A.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed
8.Fivepeoplewonthe“China'GsreenFigure”award,atitletoordinarypeopletheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.
A.beinggivenB.isgivenC.givenD.wasgiven
9.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdeskscouldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.（2007
国卷II）
B.tobeopenedandclosed
D.toopenandclose
'«swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.（海007
A.tobecompleted
B.havingbeencompletedC.completedD.beingcompleted
11.
'彳helptalkingto*myself.）（2007
D.havelost
D.sat
D.toblowdown
“Thingsnevercomeagain!
”Icouldn
A.lostB.losingC.tolose
12.Canthoseatthebackoftheclassroomhearme?
A.seatB.sitC.seated
13.Thetreesinthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.
A.beingblowndownB.blowndownC.blowingdown
14.
Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime.
15.ItisoneofthefunniestthingsontheInternetsofarthisyear.
A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.found
16.Ideally___forBroadwaytheatreandFifthAvenue,theNewYorkParkhotelisafavouritewithmanyguests.
A.locatingB.beinglocatedC.havingbeenlocatedD.located
17.Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.
A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced
18.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruitonhisownfarm.
A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow
19.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlawsparentstotakemoreresponsibilityforthe
educationoftheirchildren.
A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced
20.Nowthatwe•vediscussedoutproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?
A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake
21.WeareinvitedtoapartyinourclubnextFriday.
A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding
22.Withthegovernment•«said,thosebyttheqeakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.
A.affectB.affectingC.affectedD.wereaffected
23.Thereisagreatdealofevideneethatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthe
brain.
A.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating
24.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewwithallbyourselveseveryday.
A.dealB.dealtC.todealD.dealing
25.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentsomeoldmapsfromthelibrary.
A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing
26.I'mcallingtoenquireaboutthepositioninyesterday'sChinaDaily.
A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised
27.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoneyinthelibrary.
A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered
28.Ihavealotofreadingsbeforetheendofthisterm.
A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted
29.Hisfirstbooknextmonthisbasedonatruestory.
A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished
30.Agreatnumberofstudentssaidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.
A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioning
31.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheonefirstisthelibrary.
A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired
32.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourandlessthan40poundsmust
beinachildsafetyseat.
A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing
33.Thaiistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.
A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce
34.Onhearingaphonecallfromhiswifeshehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushed
homefromhisoffice.
A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay
35.Theisland,tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.
A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined
36.Recentlyasurveypricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascaused
heateddebateamongcitizens.
A•comparedB•comparingC•comparesD•beingcompared
37.Thenextthinghesawwassmokefrombehindthehouse.
A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen
38.Theabilityanideaasimportantastheideaitself
AexpressingBexpressedCtoexpressDtocover
39.Theplayersfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.
AselectingBtoselectedCselectedDhavingselected
40.Lookoverthere-there•«saverylong,windingpathuptothehouse.
A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead
41.TsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.
A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded
42.We«rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisionatthemeetingwillinflueneethe
futureofourcompany.
A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade
43.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope.
A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide
44.Thelecture,at7:
00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwith
telescopes.
A.startingB.beingstartingC.tostartD.tobestarted
45.Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletterhimit.
A.offered
B.offering
C.tooffer
D.tobeoffered
1-5BCDCD
6-10CCCCC
11-15ACBCD
16-20DCABC21-25ACBCC
26-30AABBC
31-35DDBCC
36-40BBCCA41-45CABAB
2.
1.
1.宾语补足语
A.如果横线部分放在了及物动词+名词或代词之后。
如：
Ihearhiminthenextroom.
注：
能跟宾语+宾语补足语的动词常见的有以下三类：
1.感官动词：
see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,hear,listento
2.使役动词：
have,let,make,get
3.find,keep,want,leavecatch
如：
Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar.
A.washedB.washC.washingD.towash、
Ilookedupandnoticedasnakeitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.
A.towindB.windC.windingD.wound
allow,permit,forbid,persuade,require,remind,invite,wish,warn,encourage,callon等。
注：
特别关注allow和permit的用法
Allow/permitdoing
Allow/permitsbtodo
Sbbeallowed/permittedtodo
•:
Wedontallowsmokinghere.
Wedon'tallowyoutosmokehere.
Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.
•…hope,suggest
hopesbtodo••
suggestsbtodo•
B.如果横线放在with+名词或代词之后。
如：
Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersuperintheparkwiththeirpetdog.
A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows
2.主语补足语
下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语，它们是：
sbbesaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought.
ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreportedtheworldrecordinthe
110-meterhurdlerace.（2007辽宁卷）
A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.tobreak
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