上海市高三上学期模拟考试十英语试题及答案解析.docx

上海市高三上学期模拟考试十英语试题及答案解析.docx

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上海市高三上学期模拟考试十英语试题及答案解析

2019年上海市高三上学期模拟考试（十）

英语试题

题号

一

二

三

四

五

六

七

八

总分

得分

注意事项：

1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息；

2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上。

第I卷（选择题）

评卷人

得分

一、完形填空

Don'tlooknow,butthattreemaybewatchingyou.Severallinesofrecentresearchsuggestthatplantsarecapableof1andmayevenpossesssomethinglikeaneye,despiteaverysimpleone.

Theideathatplantsmayhave“eyes”is，inaway,nothing2.In1907FrancisDarwin,Charles'sson,assumedthatleaveshaveorgansthatareacombinationoflens-likecellsandlight-sensitivecells.Experimentsintheearly20thcenturyseemedto3thatsuchstructures,nowcalledocelli（单眼）,exist,buttheconceptofa“seeingplant”fellbythewayside—onlyto4inthepastfewyears.

InarecentissueofTrendsinPlantScience,FrantisekBaluska,aplantcellbiologistattheUniversityofBonninGermany,andStefanoMancuso,aplantphysiologistattheUniversityofFlorenceinItaly,layoutnew5forvisuallyawarevegetation.Tomaketheircase,theresearchersfirstpointtothe20166thatSyn-echocystiscyanobacteria（蓝藻）,single-celledplantscapableofphotosynthesis,actlikeocelli.“Thesecyanobacteriausetheentirecellbodyasalenstofocusanimageofthelightsourceatthecellmembrane（膜）,asintheretina（视网膜）ofananimaleye,”saysUniversityofLondonmicrobiologistConradMullineaux,whohelpedtomakethediscovery.Althoughresearchersarenotsurewhatthepurposeofthismechanismis,its7suggeststhatasimilaronecouldhaveevolvedinhigherplants.“Ifsomethinglikethisisalreadypresentatthelowerlevelofevolution,itismostlikely8Baluskasays.Recentworkalso9thatsomeplants,suchasthecabbageandmustardrelativeArabidopsis,makeproteinsthatareinvolvedinthedevelopmentandfunctioningofeyespots--theeyesfoundinsomesingle-celledplants.These10specificallyshowupinstructurescalledplastoglobuli,whichareknownforgivingautumnleavestheirredandorangecolours.“Thisdiscoverysuggeststhatplastoglobuliinplantsmay11eyespots,”Baluskasays.

Otherobservationalresearchrevealsplantshavevisualcapabilitieswejustdonot12yet.Forinstance,asreportedin2014inCurrentBiology,theclimbingwoodvineBoquilatrifoliolatacansomehowmodifyitsleavestoimitatethecolorsandshapesofitshostplant.

Althoughtheevidenceforeyelikestructuresinhigherplantsremains13,itisgrowing.“Ihadneverheardaboutplantvision,andIwouldhavedismisseditas14untilmyowndiscoveryofcyanobacteriaactingasacameraeye,”saysbiotechnologistNilsSchuergers,co-authorofthe2016studyonSynechocystis.Thenext15istoconfirmtheearly20th-centuryexperimentsshowingthatplantcellsthemselvescanactlikelenses—andresearchersstillneedtofigureoutalltheendstowhichplantsputtheirsight.

1．A．visionB．breathC．hearingD．emotion

2．A．wrongB．trueC．interestingD．new

3．A．confirmB．exploreC．warnD．ignore

4．A．re-issueB．re-formC．re-checkD．re-emerge

5．A．approachB．evidenceC．planD．theory

6．A．conceptB．discoveryC．researchD．evolution

7．A．developmentB．functionC．existenceD．intention

8．A．recordedB．foundC．keptD．broken

9．A．wondersB．recallsC．deniesD．shows

10．A．proteinsB．plantsC．coloursD．leaves

11．A．dependonB．actasC．sticktoD．engagein

12．A．announceB．developC．applyD．understand

13．A．limitedB．sufficientC．convincingD．divided

14．A．unimportantB．unlikelyC．meaningfulD．realistic

15．A．itemB．choiceC．challengeD．mistake

评卷人

得分

二、阅读理解

TheannualCanadiancommercialsealhuntistheworld'slargesthuntofmarinemammals.Afewweeksold,thesealpups（幼崽）areprizedprimarilyfortheirskinsandalsofortheomega-3-richoilusedinfoodsupplements--productsthatareshippedaroundtheworld.

Thismonth,theWorldTradeOrganization（WTO）inGeneva,Switzerland,isexpectedtoannouncewhetherproductsfromcommercialsealhuntingcanbemarketedinEurope.Atpresent,theycannot.SuchproductshavebeenbannedbytheEuropeanUnion（EU）since2009toprotect‘publicmorals’CanadaandNorwayhaveaskedtheWTOtooverturntheban—thefirstofitskind--andthetradebodywillsoondeliveritsfinaldecision.

Asanofficialobserver,Ihaveseenthehuntfromtheiceandfromhelicopters.Thedetailsaregrisly.ThatiswhytheWTOoriginallyagreedthattheEUcouldacttolimittradeonthegroundsofpublicmorals—thefirsttimethatsucharestrictionhadbeenputinplace.

Whentheyareborn,sealpupshavewhitefur.Theyareabandonedbytheirmothersatabout12daysofage.Strandedontheunstableice,theyremainaloneandunfedforuptosixweeks,andduringthistimetheirfurchangesfromwhitetogrey--andthehuntersarrive.

Thepupsareeithershotfromboats,orclubbedwithawoodenbatoraniron-tippedpolecalledahakapik.Someshotandinjuredsealsslideintothewaterandarelost.Manyshotandinjuredanimalscouldpotentiallysufferforseveralminuteswhilethehuntersdrivetheirboatscloseenoughtoclubthemunconscious.Iftheiceistoounstableforthehunterstocross,shotandinjuredbutconsciousandreactivesealscanbedraggedintotheboatswithlonghookedgaffs（鱼叉）beforebeingclubbed.

AsahumanandasascientistIconsiderthehunttopresentrealandsignificantwelfareconcerns.Theavailablescientificevidencesupportsthatopinion.Butscience,ofcourse,isonlyoneofthefactorsatplay.PerhapsthefinalwordshouldgotoastatementattributedtoMahatmaGandhi:

“Thegreatnessofanationanditsmoralprogresscanbejudgedbythewayitsanimalsaretreated.”

16．WhyisWTO’sbanintroducedinthepassage“thefirstofitskind”？

A．Itisthefirsttotakelittlenoticeoftheeconomicresults.

B．Itisthefirsttotakemoralstandardsintoaccount.

C．Itisthefirsttohavebeenoverturnedinhistory.

D．Itisthefirsttoputanimals’welfareinplace.

17．Theword“grisly”mostprobablymeans.

A．accurateB．unpleasant

C．vagueD．available

18．Thewriterdescribestheprocessofsealhuntingindetailinparagraph5inorderto.

A．proveitrequiresmuchexperienceB．introducewhattoolsareneeded

C．showreadershowviolentitisD．stresshowhelplesssealsare

19．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A．WTOisgoingtoliftthebanonsealhunting

B．Canadadecreasesitscommercialsealhunting

C．Themoralproblemwithcommercialsealhunting

D．Howanimalsaretreatedvaryfromcountrytocountry

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Jobdescription

AsaPenguinFunClubhelperyouwillworkwithsmallgroupsofchildrensupervisingtheminarangeofstructuredactivitiesandusingequipmentprovidedbythecamp.（Thereisplentyofopportunitytothinkupyourownactivitiesforyourgroup.）Clubswillruninthemorningsfrom10.00to12.30andintheeveningsfrom17.00to19.00.AllPenguinFunClubhelperswillworkforsixdaysaweek.Inyourfreetimeyouwillhavefullaccesstoallthecampsitefacilities.

PenguinFunClubhelpersshouldshowenthusiasmatalltimesandencouragemaximumparticipationintheactivitiesfromthechildrenwithwhomtheyareworking.

Requirements

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20．Thepassageisaimedto__________.

A．introducethejobopportunitiesPenguinFunClubswilloffer

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C．lookforthoseinterestedinhelpingPenguinFunClubsthissummer

D．recommendtheexcitingactivitiesthatPenguinFunClubsprovide

21．ThoseworkingforPenguinFunClubsneedto_________.

A．beabletoworkfromJulythroughSeptember

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22．WhatcanPenguinFunClubs’on-campstaffdo?

A．Workjust30hoursaweek.B．Useallcampsitefacilities.

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