上海市高三上学期模拟考试十英语试题及答案解析.docx

1、上海市高三上学期模拟考试十英语试题及答案解析2019年上海市高三上学期模拟考试（十）英语试题题号一二三四五六七八总分得分注意事项：1答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息；2请将答案正确填写在答题卡上。第I卷（选择题）评卷人得分一、完形填空Dont look now, but that tree may be watching you. Several lines of recent research suggest that plants are capable of 1 and may even possess something like an eye, despite a very

2、simple one.The idea that plants may have “eyes” is，in a way, nothing 2 . In 1907 Francis Darwin, Charless son, assumed that leaves have organs that are a combination of lens-like cells and light- sensitive cells. Experiments in the early 20th century seemed to 3 that such structures, now called ocel

3、li(单眼), exist, but the concept of a “seeing plant” fell by the waysideonly to 4 in the past few years.In a recent issue of Trends in Plant Science, Frantisek Baluska, a plant cell biologist at the University of Bonn in Germany, and Stefano Mancuso, a plant physiologist at the University of Florence

4、in Italy, lay out new 5 for visually aware vegetation. To make their case, the researchers first point to the 2016 6 that Syn-echocystis cyanobacteria (蓝藻), single-celled plants capable of photosynthesis, act like ocelli. “These cyanobacteria use the entire cell body as a lens to focus an image of t

5、he light source at the cell membrane (膜), as in the retina(视网膜)of an animal eye,” says University of London microbiologist Conrad Mullineaux, who helped to make the discovery. Although researchers are not sure what the purpose of this mechanism is, its 7 suggests that a similar one could have evolve

6、d in higher plants. “If something like this is already present at the lower level of evolution, it is most likely 8 Baluska says. Recent work also 9 that some plants, such as the cabbage and mustard relative Arabidopsis, make proteins that are involved in the development and functioning of eyespots-

7、the eyes found in some single-celled plants. These 10 specifically show up in structures called plastoglobuli, which are known for giving autumn leaves their red and orange colours. “This discovery suggests that plastoglobuli in plants may 11 eyespots,” Baluska says.Other observational research reve

8、als plants have visual capabilities we just do not 12 yet. For instance, as reported in 2014 in Current Biology, the climbing wood vine Boquila trifoliolata can somehow modify its leaves to imitate the colors and shapes of its host plant.Although the evidence for eyelike structures in higher plants

9、remains 13 , it is growing. “I had never heard about plant vision, and I would have dismissed it as 14 until my own discovery of cyanobacteria acting as a camera eye,” says biotechnologist Nils Schuergers, co-author of the 2016 study on Synechocystis. The next 15 is to confirm the early 20th-century

10、 experiments showing that plant cells themselves can act like lensesand researchers still need to figure out all the ends to which plants put their sight.1Avision Bbreath Chearing Demotion2Awrong Btrue Cinteresting Dnew3Aconfirm Bexplore Cwarn Dignore4Are-issue Bre-form Cre-check Dre-emerge5Aapproac

11、h Bevidence Cplan Dtheory6Aconcept Bdiscovery Cresearch Devolution7Adevelopment Bfunction Cexistence Dintention8Arecorded Bfound Ckept Dbroken9Awonders Brecalls Cdenies Dshows10Aproteins Bplants Ccolours Dleaves11Adepend on Bact as Cstick to Dengage in12Aannounce Bdevelop Capply Dunderstand13Alimite

12、d Bsufficient Cconvincing Ddivided14Aunimportant Bunlikely Cmeaningful Drealistic15Aitem Bchoice Cchallenge Dmistake评卷人得分二、阅读理解The annual Canadian commercial seal hunt is the worlds largest hunt of marine mammals. A few weeks old, the seal pups(幼崽)are prized primarily for their skins and also for th

13、e omega-3-rich oil used in food supplements-products that are shipped around the world.This month, the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Geneva, Switzerland, is expected to announce whether products from commercial seal hunting can be marketed in Europe. At present, they cannot. Such products have b

14、een banned by the European Union (EU) since 2009 to protect public morals Canada and Norway have asked the WTO to overturn the ban the first of its kind - and the trade body will soon deliver its final decision.As an official observer, I have seen the hunt from the ice and from helicopters. The deta

15、ils are grisly. That is why the WTO originally agreed that the EU could act to limit trade on the grounds of public morals the first time that such a restriction had been put in place.When they are born, seal pups have white fur. They are abandoned by their mothers at about 12 days of age. Stranded

16、on the unstable ice, they remain alone and unfed for up to six weeks, and during this time their fur changes from white to grey-and the hunters arrive.The pups are either shot from boats, or clubbed with a wooden bat or an iron-tipped pole called a hakapik. Some shot and injured seals slide into the

17、 water and are lost. Many shot and injured animals could potentially suffer for several minutes while the hunters drive their boats close enough to club them unconscious. If the ice is too unstable for the hunters to cross, shot and injured but conscious and reactive seals can be dragged into the bo

18、ats with long hooked gaffs (鱼叉) before being clubbed.As a human and as a scientist I consider the hunt to present real and significant welfare concerns. The available scientific evidence supports that opinion. But science, of course, is only one of the factors at play. Perhaps the final word should

19、go to a statement attributed to Mahatma Gandhi: “The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.”16Why is WTOs ban introduced in the passage “the first of its kind”？AIt is the first to take little notice of the economic results.BIt is the first to t

20、ake moral standards into account.CIt is the first to have been overturned in history.DIt is the first to put animals welfare in place.17The word “grisly” most probably means .Aaccurate BunpleasantCvague Davailable18The writer describes the process of seal hunting in detail in paragraph 5 in order to

21、 .Aprove it requires much experience Bintroduce what tools are neededCshow readers how violent it is Dstress how helpless seals are19Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?AWTO is going to lift the ban on seal huntingBCanada decreases its commercial seal huntingCThe moral prob

22、lem with commercial seal huntingDHow animals are treated vary from country to countryPenguin Fun Clubs are found on campsites throughout Europe. They offer a range of enjoyable activities for children aged 414 years and we pride ourselves on delivering exciting times that children love and parents t

23、rust. Our fun-packed clubs are located throughout France, Spain, Italy, Germany and the UK, where our fame for high quality childcare depends on the professionalism and hard work of our on-camp staff.In all our clubs we offer a varied timetable packed with exciting activities.We are looking for enth

24、usiastic and caring young adults to work in our camps for all or part of the coming Summer season.Why work for Penguin Fun Clubs? Penguin Fun Clubs offer full in-house training by our experienced training team，including a course in basic first aid. You will meet and work with like-minded individuals

25、. We will pay expenses to cover your return journey to the campsite where you are based. You will be given accommodation and food throughout your time at the camp. You will be given a fixed amount of pocket money each week (amount depending on age and the country in which you are based). You will ga

26、in valuable experience for any future career, especially one which involves working with children. We are flexible if youre only able to work for part of the season. Impress us on camp and theres the opportunity to work with us for many seasons to come. We run Penguin Fun Clubs throughout the summer

27、 from July to September.Job descriptionAs a Penguin Fun Club helper you will work with small groups of children supervising them in a range of structured activities and using equipment provided by the camp. (There is plenty of opportunity to think up your own activities for your group.) Clubs will r

28、un in the mornings from 10.00 to 12.30 and in the evenings from 17.00 to 19.00. All Penguin Fun Club helpers will work for six days a week. In your free time you will have full access to all the campsite facilities.Penguin Fun Club helpers should show enthusiasm at all times and encourage maximum pa

29、rticipation in the activities from the children with whom they are working.RequirementsAll applicants: must be over 16 years of age should have an interest in/previous experience of working with children have some knowledge of the language of the country in which they wish to work be enthusiastic an

30、d organised with excellent communication skills and a good sense of initiative work well in a team with other like-minded individuals20The passage is aimed to_.Aintroduce the job opportunities Penguin Fun Clubs will offerBpromote Penguin Fun Clubs as a great place of entertainment for kidsClook for

31、those interested in helping Penguin Fun Clubs this summerDrecommend the exciting activities that Penguin Fun Clubs provide21Those working for Penguin Fun Clubs need to_.Abe able to work from July through SeptemberBpay for the transportation to and from the clubCfind a place near the club to live in the summerDtalk in the language of the country where they work22What can Penguin Fun Clubs on-camp staff do?AWork just 30 hours a week. BUse all campsite facilities.CGet a full-day outdoor training. DDesign entertainment equipment for kids.Look